DCS_MissionDev/Moose_CTLD_Pure/Moose_CTLD.lua

-- Pure-MOOSE, template-free CTLD-style logistics & troop transport
-- Drop-in script: no MIST, no mission editor templates required
-- Dependencies: Moose.lua must be loaded before this script
-- Author: Copilot (generated)
--
-- LOGGING SYSTEM:
-- LogLevel configuration controls verbosity: 0=NONE, 1=ERROR, 2=INFO (default), 3=VERBOSE, 4=DEBUG
-- Set LogLevel in config to reduce log spam on production servers. See LOGGING_GUIDE.md for details.

-- Contract
-- Inputs: Config table or defaults. No ME templates needed. Zones may be named ME trigger zones or provided via coordinates in config.
-- Outputs: F10 menus for helo/transport groups; crate spawning/building; troop load/unload; optional JTAC hookup (via FAC module);
-- Error modes: missing Moose -> abort; unknown crate key -> message; spawn blocked in enemy airbase; zone missing -> message.

-- Table of Contents (navigation)
-- 1) Config (version, messaging, main Config table)
-- 2) State
-- 3) Utilities
-- 4) Construction (zones, bindings, init)
-- 5) Menus (group/coalition, dynamic lists)
-- 6) Coalition Summary
-- 7) Crates (request/spawn, nearby, cleanup)
-- 8) Build logic
-- 9) Loaded crate management
-- 10) Hover pickup scanner
-- 11) Troops
-- 12) Auto-build FOB in zones
-- 13) Inventory helpers
-- 14) Public helpers (catalog registration/merge)
-- 15) Export
-- =========================

if not _G.BASE then
  _logVerbose('ERROR: Moose (BASE) not detected. Ensure Moose.lua is loaded before Moose_CTLD.lua')
end

local CTLD = {}
CTLD.__index = CTLD

-- Safe deep copy: prefer MOOSE UTILS.DeepCopy when available; fallback to Lua implementation
local function _deepcopy_fallback(obj, seen)
  if type(obj) ~= 'table' then return obj end
  seen = seen or {}
  if seen[obj] then return seen[obj] end
  local res = {}
  seen[obj] = res
  for k, v in pairs(obj) do
    res[_deepcopy_fallback(k, seen)] = _deepcopy_fallback(v, seen)
  end
  local mt = getmetatable(obj)
  if mt then setmetatable(res, mt) end
  return res
end

local function DeepCopy(obj)
  if _G.UTILS and type(UTILS.DeepCopy) == 'function' then
    return UTILS.DeepCopy(obj)
  end
  return _deepcopy_fallback(obj)
end

-- Deep-merge src into dst (recursively). Arrays/lists in src replace dst.
local function DeepMerge(dst, src)
  if type(dst) ~= 'table' or type(src) ~= 'table' then return src end
  for k, v in pairs(src) do
    if type(v) == 'table' then
      local isArray = (rawget(v, 1) ~= nil) -- simple heuristic
      if isArray then
        dst[k] = DeepCopy(v)
      else
        dst[k] = DeepMerge(dst[k] or {}, v)
      end
    else
      dst[k] = v
    end
  end
  return dst
end

-- =========================
-- Defaults and State
-- =========================
-- #region Config
CTLD.Version = '0.1.0-alpha'

-- General CTLD event messages (non-hover). Tweak freely.
CTLD.Messages = {
  -- Crates
  crate_spawn_requested = "Request received—spawning {type} crate at {zone}.",
  pickup_zone_required = "Move within {zone_dist} {zone_dist_u} of a Supply Zone to request crates. Bearing {zone_brg}° to nearest zone.",
  no_pickup_zones = "No Pickup Zones are configured for this coalition. Ask the mission maker to add supply zones or disable the pickup zone requirement.",
  crate_re_marked = "Re-marking crate {id} with {mark}.",
  crate_expired = "Crate {id} expired and was removed.",
  crate_max_capacity = "Max load reached ({total}). Drop or build before picking up more.",
  crate_aircraft_capacity = "Aircraft capacity reached ({current}/{max} crates). Your {aircraft} can only carry {max} crates.",
  troop_aircraft_capacity = "Aircraft capacity reached. Your {aircraft} can only carry {max} troops (you need {count}).",
  crate_spawned = "Crate’s live! {type} [{id}]. Bearing {brg}° range {rng} {rng_u}. Call for vectors if you need a hand.",

  -- Drops
  drop_initiated = "Dropping {count} crate(s) here…",
  dropped_crates = "Dropped {count} crate(s) at your location.",
  no_loaded_crates = "No loaded crates to drop.",

  -- Build
  build_insufficient_crates = "Insufficient crates to build {build}.",
  build_requires_ground = "You have {total} crate(s) onboard—drop them first to build here.",
  build_started = "Building {build} at your position…",
  build_success = "{build} deployed to the field!",
  build_success_coalition = "{player} deployed {build} to the field!",
  build_failed = "Build failed: {reason}.",
  fob_restricted = "FOB building is restricted to designated FOB zones.",
  auto_fob_built = "FOB auto-built at {zone}.",

  -- Troops
  troops_loaded = "Loaded {count} troops—ready to deploy.",
  troops_unloaded = "Deployed {count} troops.",
  troops_unloaded_coalition = "{player} deployed {count} troops.",
  troops_fast_roped = "Fast-roped {count} troops into the field!",
  troops_fast_roped_coalition = "{player} fast-roped {count} troops from {aircraft}!",
  no_troops = "No troops onboard.",
  troops_deploy_failed = "Deploy failed: {reason}.",
  troop_pickup_zone_required = "Move inside a Supply Zone to load troops. Nearest zone is {zone_dist}, {zone_dist_u} away bearing {zone_brg}°.",
  troop_load_must_land = "Must be on the ground to load troops. Land and reduce speed to < {max_speed} {speed_u}.",
  troop_load_too_fast = "Ground speed too high for loading. Reduce to < {max_speed} {speed_u} (current: {current_speed} {speed_u}).",
  troop_unload_altitude_too_high = "Too high for fast-rope deployment. Maximum: {max_agl} m AGL (current: {current_agl} m). Land or descend.",
  troop_unload_altitude_too_low = "Too low for safe fast-rope. Minimum: {min_agl} m AGL (current: {current_agl} m). Climb or land.",

  -- Coach & nav
  vectors_to_crate = "Nearest crate {id}: bearing {brg}°, range {rng} {rng_u}.",
  vectors_to_pickup_zone = "Nearest supply zone {zone}: bearing {brg}°, range {rng} {rng_u}.",
  coach_enabled = "Hover Coach enabled.",
  coach_disabled = "Hover Coach disabled.",

  -- Hover Coach guidance
  coach_arrival = "You’re close—nice and easy. Hover at 5–20 meters.",
  coach_close = "Reduce speed below 15 km/h and set 5–20 m AGL.",
  coach_hint = "{hints} GS {gs} {gs_u}.",
  coach_too_fast = "Too fast for pickup: GS {gs} {gs_u}. Reduce below 8 km/h.",
  coach_too_high = "Too high: AGL {agl} {agl_u}. Target 5–20 m.",
  coach_too_low = "Too low: AGL {agl} {agl_u}. Maintain at least 5 m.",
  coach_drift = "Outside pickup window. Re-center within 25 m.",
  coach_hold = "Oooh, right there! HOLD POSITION…",
  coach_loaded = "Crate is hooked! Nice flying!",
  coach_hover_lost = "Movement detected—recover hover to load.",
  coach_abort = "Hover lost. Reacquire within 25 m, GS < 8 km/h, AGL 5–20 m.",

  -- Zone state changes
  zone_activated = "{kind} Zone {zone} is now ACTIVE.",
  zone_deactivated = "{kind} Zone {zone} is now INACTIVE.",
  
  -- Attack/Defend announcements
  attack_enemy_announce = "{unit_name} deployed by {player} has spotted an enemy {enemy_type} at {brg}°, {rng} {rng_u}. Moving to engage!",
  attack_base_announce = "{unit_name} deployed by {player} is moving to capture {base_name} at {brg}°, {rng} {rng_u}.",
  attack_no_targets = "{unit_name} deployed by {player} found no targets within {rng} {rng_u}. Holding position.",

  jtac_onstation = "JTAC {jtac} on station. CODE {code}.",
  jtac_new_target = "JTAC {jtac} lasing {target}. CODE {code}. POS {grid}.",
  jtac_target_lost = "JTAC {jtac} lost target. Reacquiring.",
  jtac_target_destroyed = "JTAC {jtac} reports target destroyed.",
  jtac_idle = "JTAC {jtac} scanning for targets.",

  -- Zone restrictions
  drop_forbidden_in_pickup = "Cannot drop crates inside a Supply Zone. Move outside the zone boundary.",
  troop_deploy_forbidden_in_pickup = "Cannot deploy troops inside a Supply Zone. Move outside the zone boundary.",
  drop_zone_too_close_to_pickup = "Drop Zone creation blocked: too close to Supply Zone {zone} (need at least {need} {need_u}; current {dist} {dist_u}). Fly further away and try again.",
  
  -- MEDEVAC messages
  medevac_crew_spawned = "MEDEVAC REQUEST: {vehicle} crew at {grid}. {crew_size} personnel awaiting rescue. Salvage value: {salvage}.",
  medevac_crew_loaded = "Rescued {vehicle} crew ({crew_size} personnel). {vehicle} will respawn shortly.",
  medevac_vehicle_respawned = "{vehicle} repaired and returned to the field at original location!",
  medevac_crew_delivered_mash = "{player} delivered {vehicle} crew to MASH. Earned {salvage} salvage points! Coalition total: {total}.",
  medevac_crew_timeout = "MEDEVAC FAILED: {vehicle} crew at {grid} KIA - no rescue attempted. Vehicle lost.",
  medevac_crew_killed = "MEDEVAC FAILED: {vehicle} crew killed in action. Vehicle lost.",
  medevac_no_requests = "No active MEDEVAC requests.",
  medevac_vectors = "MEDEVAC: {vehicle} crew bearing {brg}°, range {rng} {rng_u}. Time remaining: {time_remain} mins.",
  medevac_salvage_status = "Coalition Salvage Points: {points}. Use salvage to build out-of-stock items.",
  medevac_salvage_used = "Built {item} using {salvage} salvage points. Remaining: {remaining}.",
  medevac_salvage_insufficient = "Out of stock and insufficient salvage. Need {need} salvage points (have {have}). Deliver MEDEVAC crews to MASH to earn more.",
  medevac_crew_warn_15min = "WARNING: {vehicle} crew at {grid} - rescue window expires in 15 minutes!",
  medevac_crew_warn_5min = "URGENT: {vehicle} crew at {grid} - rescue window expires in 5 minutes!",
  
  -- Mobile MASH messages
  medevac_mash_deployed = "Mobile MASH {mash_id} deployed at {grid}. Beacon: {freq}. Delivering MEDEVAC crews here earns salvage points.",
  medevac_mash_announcement = "Mobile MASH {mash_id} available at {grid}. Beacon: {freq}.",
  medevac_mash_destroyed = "Mobile MASH {mash_id} destroyed! No longer accepting deliveries.",
  mash_announcement = "MASH {name} operational at {grid}. Accepting MEDEVAC deliveries for salvage credit. Monitoring {freq} AM.",
  mash_vectors = "Nearest MASH: {name} at bearing {brg}°, range {rng} {rng_u}.",
  mash_no_zones = "No MASH zones available.",
}

-- #endregion Messaging

CTLD.Config = {
  -- === Instance & Access ===
  CoalitionSide = coalition.side.BLUE,   -- default coalition this instance serves (menus created for this side)
  CountryId = nil,                       -- optional explicit country id for spawned groups; falls back per coalition
  AllowedAircraft = {                    -- transport-capable unit type names (case-sensitive as in DCS DB)
    'UH-1H','Mi-8MTV2','Mi-24P','SA342M','SA342L','SA342Minigun','Ka-50','Ka-50_3','AH-64D_BLK_II','UH-60L','CH-47Fbl1','CH-47F','Mi-17','GazelleAI'
  },
  -- === Runtime & Messaging ===
  -- Logging control: set the desired level of detail for env.info logging to DCS.log
  -- 0 = NONE      - No logging at all (production servers)
  -- 1 = ERROR     - Only critical errors and warnings
  -- 2 = INFO      - Important state changes, initialization, cleanup (default for production)
  -- 3 = VERBOSE   - Detailed operational info (zone validation, menus, builds, MEDEVAC events)
  -- 4 = DEBUG     - Everything including hover checks, crate pickups, detailed troop spawns
  LogLevel = 4,
  MessageDuration = 15,                  -- seconds for on-screen messages
  Debug = false,                         -- leave false for production; enables extra debug output and draws when true

  -- === Menu & Catalog ===
  UseGroupMenus = true,                  -- if true, F10 menus per player group; otherwise coalition-wide (leave this alone)
  CreateMenuAtMissionStart = false,      -- creates empty root menu at mission start to reserve F10 position (populated on player spawn)
  RootMenuName = 'CTLD',                 -- name for the root F10 menu; menu ordering depends on script load order in mission editor
  UseCategorySubmenus = true,            -- if true, organize crate requests by category submenu (menuCategory)
  UseBuiltinCatalog = false,             -- start with the shipped catalog (true) or expect mission to load its own (false)

  -- === Transport Capacity ===
  -- Default capacities for aircraft not listed in AircraftCapacities table
  -- Used as fallback for any transport aircraft without specific limits defined
  DefaultCapacity = {
    maxCrates = 4,      -- reasonable middle ground
    maxTroops = 12,     -- moderate squad size
    maxWeightKg = 2000, -- default weight capacity in kg (omit to disable weight modeling)
  },

  -- Per-aircraft capacity limits (realistic cargo/troop capacities)
  -- Set maxCrates = 0 and maxTroops = 0 for attack helicopters with no cargo capability
  -- If an aircraft type is not listed here, it will use DefaultCapacity values
  -- maxWeightKg: optional weight capacity in kilograms (if omitted, only count limits apply)
  -- requireGround: optional override for ground requirement (true = must land, false = can load in hover/flight)
  -- maxGroundSpeed: optional override for max ground speed during loading (m/s)
  AircraftCapacities = {
    -- Small/Light Helicopters (very limited capacity)
    ['SA342M']        = { maxCrates = 1,  maxTroops = 3,  maxWeightKg = 400 },   -- Gazelle - tiny observation/scout helo
    ['SA342L']        = { maxCrates = 1,  maxTroops = 3,  maxWeightKg = 400 },
    ['SA342Minigun']  = { maxCrates = 1,  maxTroops = 3,  maxWeightKg = 400 },
    ['GazelleAI']     = { maxCrates = 1,  maxTroops = 3,  maxWeightKg = 400 },

    -- Attack Helicopters (no cargo capacity - combat only)
    ['Ka-50']         = { maxCrates = 0,  maxTroops = 0,  maxWeightKg = 0 },     -- Black Shark - single seat attack
    ['Ka-50_3']       = { maxCrates = 0,  maxTroops = 0,  maxWeightKg = 0 },     -- Black Shark 3
    ['AH-64D_BLK_II'] = { maxCrates = 0,  maxTroops = 0,  maxWeightKg = 0 },     -- Apache - attack/recon only
    ['Mi-24P']        = { maxCrates = 2,  maxTroops = 8,  maxWeightKg = 1000 },  -- Hind - attack helo but has small troop bay

    -- Light Utility Helicopters (moderate capacity)
    ['UH-1H']         = { maxCrates = 3,  maxTroops = 11, maxWeightKg = 1800 },  -- Huey - classic light transport

    -- Medium Transport Helicopters (good capacity)
    ['Mi-8MTV2']      = { maxCrates = 5,  maxTroops = 24, maxWeightKg = 4000 },  -- Hip - Russian medium transport
    ['Mi-17']         = { maxCrates = 5,  maxTroops = 24, maxWeightKg = 4000 },  -- Hip variant
    ['UH-60L']        = { maxCrates = 4,  maxTroops = 11, maxWeightKg = 4000 },  -- Black Hawk - medium utility

    -- Heavy Lift Helicopters (maximum capacity)
    ['CH-47Fbl1']     = { maxCrates = 10, maxTroops = 33, maxWeightKg = 12000 }, -- Chinook - heavy lift beast
    ['CH-47F']        = { maxCrates = 10, maxTroops = 33, maxWeightKg = 12000 }, -- Chinook variant

    -- Fixed Wing Transport (limited capacity)
    -- NOTE: C-130 has requireGround configurable - set to false if you want to allow in-flight loading (unrealistic but flexible)
    ['C-130']         = { maxCrates = 20, maxTroops = 92, maxWeightKg = 20000, requireGround = true, maxGroundSpeed = 1.0 }, -- C-130 Hercules - tactical airlifter (must be fully stopped)
    ['C-17A']         = { maxCrates = 30, maxTroops = 150, maxWeightKg = 77500, requireGround = true, maxGroundSpeed = 1.0 }, -- C-17 Globemaster III - strategic airlifter
  },

  -- === Loading & Deployment Rules ===
  RequireGroundForTroopLoad = true,      -- must be landed to load troops (prevents loading while hovering)
  RequireGroundForVehicleLoad = true,    -- must be landed to load vehicles (C-130/large transports)
  MaxGroundSpeedForLoading = 2.0,        -- meters/second limit while loading (roughly 4 knots)

  -- Fast-rope deployment (allows troop unload while hovering at safe altitude)
  EnableFastRope = true,                 -- if true, troops can fast-rope from hovering helicopters
  FastRopeMaxHeight = 20,                -- meters AGL: maximum altitude for fast-rope deployment
  FastRopeMinHeight = 5,                 -- meters AGL: minimum altitude for fast-rope deployment (too low = collision risk)

  -- Safety offsets to avoid spawning units too close to player aircraft
  BuildSpawnOffset = 40,                 -- meters: shift build point forward from the aircraft (0 = spawn centered on aircraft)
  TroopSpawnOffset = 40,                 -- meters: shift troop unload point forward from the aircraft
  DropCrateForwardOffset = 35,           -- meters: drop loaded crates this far in front of the aircraft

  -- === Build & Crate Handling ===
  BuildRequiresGroundCrates = true,      -- required crates must be on the ground (not still carried)
  BuildRadius = 60,                      -- meters around build point to collect crates
  RestrictFOBToZones = false,            -- only allow FOB recipes inside configured FOBZones
  AutoBuildFOBInZones = false,           -- auto-build FOB recipes when required crates are inside a FOB zone
  CrateLifetime = 3600,                  -- seconds before crates auto-clean up; 0 = disable

  -- Build safety
  BuildConfirmEnabled = false,           -- require a second confirmation within a short window before building
  BuildConfirmWindowSeconds = 30,        -- seconds allowed between first and second "Build Here" press
  BuildCooldownEnabled = true,           -- impose a cooldown before allowing another build by the same group
  BuildCooldownSeconds = 60,             -- seconds of cooldown after a successful build per group

  -- === Pickup & Drop Zone Rules ===
  RequirePickupZoneForCrateRequest = true, -- enforce that crate requests must be near a Supply (Pickup) Zone
  RequirePickupZoneForTroopLoad = true,   -- troops can only be loaded while inside a Supply (Pickup) Zone
  PickupZoneMaxDistance = 10000,          -- meters; nearest pickup zone must be within this distance to allow a request
  ForbidDropsInsidePickupZones = true,    -- block crate drops while inside a Pickup Zone
  ForbidTroopDeployInsidePickupZones = true, -- block troop deploy while inside a Pickup Zone
  ForbidChecksActivePickupOnly = true,    -- when true, restriction applies only to ACTIVE pickup zones; false blocks all configured pickup zones

  -- Dynamic Drop Zone settings
  DropZoneRadius = 250,                  -- meters: radius used when creating a Drop Zone via the admin menu at player position
  MinDropZoneDistanceFromPickup = 2000,  -- meters: minimum distance from nearest Pickup Zone required to create a dynamic Drop Zone (0 to disable)
  MinDropDistanceActivePickupOnly = true, -- when true, only ACTIVE pickup zones are considered for the minimum distance check

  -- === Pickup Zone Spawn Placement ===
  PickupZoneSpawnRandomize = true,       -- spawn crates at a random point within the pickup zone (avoids stacking)
  PickupZoneSpawnEdgeBuffer = 10,        -- meters: keep spawns at least this far inside the zone edge
  PickupZoneSpawnMinOffset = 100,        -- meters: keep spawns at least this far from the exact center
  CrateSpawnMinSeparation = 7,           -- meters: try not to place a new crate closer than this to an existing one
  CrateSpawnSeparationTries = 6,         -- attempts to find a non-overlapping position before accepting best effort
  PickupZoneSmokeColor = trigger.smokeColor.Green, -- default smoke color when spawning crates at pickup zones

  -- Crate Smoke Settings
  -- NOTE: Individual smoke effects last ~5 minutes (DCS hardcoded, cannot be changed)
  -- These settings control whether/how often NEW smoke is spawned, not how long each smoke lasts
  CrateSmoke = {
    Enabled = true,                      -- spawn smoke when crates are created; if false, no smoke at all
    AutoRefresh = false,                 -- automatically spawn new smoke every RefreshInterval seconds
    RefreshInterval = 240,               -- seconds: how often to spawn new smoke (only used if AutoRefresh = true)
    MaxRefreshDuration = 600,            -- seconds: stop auto-refresh after this long (safety limit)
    OffsetMeters = 0,                    -- meters: horizontal offset from crate so helicopters don't hover in smoke
    OffsetRandom = true,                 -- if true, randomize horizontal offset direction; if false, always offset north
    OffsetVertical = 20,                 -- meters: vertical offset above ground level (helps smoke be more visible)
  },

  -- === Autonomous Assets ===
  -- Air-spawn settings for CTLD-built drones (AIRPLANE catalog entries like MQ-9 / WingLoong)
  DroneAirSpawn = {
    Enabled = true,                      -- when true, AIRPLANE catalog items that opt-in can spawn in the air at a set altitude
    AltitudeMeters = 5000,               -- default spawn altitude ASL (meters)
    SpeedMps = 120                       -- default initial speed in m/s
  },

  JTAC = {
    Enabled = true,
    AutoLase = {
      Enabled = true,
      SearchRadius = 8000,          -- meters to scan for enemy targets
      RefreshSeconds = 15,          -- seconds between active target updates
      IdleRescanSeconds = 30,       -- seconds between scans when no target locked
      LostRetrySeconds = 10,        -- wait before trying to reacquire after transport/line-of-sight loss
      TransportHoldSeconds = 10,    -- defer lase loop while JTAC is in transport (group empty)
    },
    Smoke = {
      Enabled = true,
      ColorBlue = trigger.smokeColor.Orange,
      ColorRed = trigger.smokeColor.Green,
      RefreshSeconds = 300,         -- seconds between smoke refreshes on active targets
      OffsetMeters = 5,             -- random offset radius for smoke placement
    },
    LaserCodes = { '1688','1677','1666','1113','1115','1111' },
    LockType = 'all',               -- 'all' | 'vehicle' | 'troop'
    Announcements = {
      Enabled = true,
      Duration = 10,
    },
  },

  -- === Combat Automation ===
  AttackAI = {
    Enabled = true,                 -- master switch for attack behavior
    TroopSearchRadius = 3000,       -- meters: when deploying troops with Attack, search radius for targets/bases
    VehicleSearchRadius = 6000,     -- meters: when building vehicles with Attack, search radius
    PrioritizeEnemyBases = true,    -- if true, prefer enemy-held bases over ground units when both are in range
    TroopAdvanceSpeedKmh = 20,      -- movement speed for troops when ordered to attack
    VehicleAdvanceSpeedKmh = 35,    -- movement speed for vehicles when ordered to attack
  },

  -- === Visual Aids ===
  -- Optional: draw zones on the F10 map using trigger.action.* markup (ME Draw-like)
  MapDraw = {
    Enabled = true,              -- master switch for any map drawings created by this script
    DrawPickupZones = true,      -- draw Pickup/Supply zones as shaded circles with labels
    DrawDropZones = true,        -- optionally draw Drop zones
    DrawFOBZones = true,         -- optionally draw FOB zones
    DrawMASHZones = true,        -- optionally draw MASH (medical) zones
    FontSize = 18,               -- label text size
    ReadOnly = true,             -- prevent clients from removing the shapes
    ForAll = false,              -- if true, draw shapes to all (-1) instead of coalition only (useful for testing/briefing)
    OutlineColor = {1, 1, 0, 0.85},  -- RGBA 0..1 for outlines (bright yellow)
    -- Optional per-kind fill overrides
    FillColors = {
      Pickup = {0, 1, 0, 0.15},   -- light green fill for Pickup zones
      Drop   = {0, 0, 0, 0.25},   -- black fill for Drop zones
      FOB    = {1, 1, 0, 0.15},   -- yellow fill for FOB zones
      MASH   = {1, 0.75, 0.8, 0.25}, -- pink fill for MASH zones
    },
    LineType = 1,                -- default line type if per-kind is not set (0 None, 1 Solid, 2 Dashed, 3 Dotted, 4 DotDash, 5 LongDash, 6 TwoDash)
    LineTypes = {                -- override border style per zone kind
      Pickup = 3,                -- dotted
      Drop   = 2,                -- dashed
      FOB    = 4,                -- dot-dash
      MASH   = 1,                -- solid
    },
    -- Label placement tuning (simple):
    -- Effective extra offset from the circle edge = r * LabelOffsetRatio + LabelOffsetFromEdge
    LabelOffsetFromEdge = -50,    -- meters beyond the zone radius to place the label (12 o'clock)
    LabelOffsetRatio = 0.5,       -- fraction of the radius to add to the offset (e.g., 0.1 => +10% of r)
    LabelOffsetX = 200,           -- meters: horizontal nudge; adjust if text appears left-anchored in your DCS build
    -- Per-kind label prefixes
    LabelPrefixes = {
      Pickup = 'Supply Zone',
      Drop   = 'Drop Zone',
      FOB    = 'FOB Zone',
      MASH   = 'MASH Zone',
    }
  },

  -- === Inventory & Troops ===
  -- Inventory system (per pickup zone and FOBs)
  Inventory = {
    Enabled = true,              -- master switch for per-location stock control
    FOBStockFactor = 0.50,       -- starting stock at newly built FOBs relative to pickup-zone initialStock
    ShowStockInMenu = true,      -- append simple stock hints to menu labels (per current nearest zone)
    HideZeroStockMenu = false,   -- removed: previously created an "In Stock Here" submenu; now disabled by default
  },

  -- Troop type presets (menu-driven loadable teams)
  Troops = {
    DefaultType = 'AS',          -- default troop type to use when no specific type is chosen
    -- Team definitions: loaded from catalog via _CTLD_TROOP_TYPES global
    -- If no catalog is loaded, empty table is used (and fallback logic applies)
    TroopTypes = {},
  },

  -- === Zone Tables ===
  -- Mission makers should populate these arrays with zone definitions
  -- Each zone entry can be: { name = 'ZoneName' } or { name = 'ZoneName', flag = 9001, activeWhen = 0, smoke = color, radius = meters }
  Zones = {
    PickupZones = {},  -- Supply zones where crates/troops can be requested
    DropZones   = {},  -- Optional Drop/AO zones
    FOBZones    = {},  -- FOB zones (restrict FOB building to these if RestrictFOBToZones = true)
    MASHZones   = {},  -- Medical zones for MEDEVAC crew delivery (MASH = Mobile Army Surgical Hospital)
  },
}
  -- #endregion Config

-- Immersive Hover Coach configuration (messages, thresholds, throttling)
-- All user-facing text lives here; logic only fills placeholders.
CTLD.HoverCoachConfig = {
  enabled = true,             -- master switch for hover coaching feature
  coachOnByDefault = true,    -- per-player default; players can toggle via F10 > Navigation > Hover Coach
  
  -- Pickup parameters
  maxCratesPerLoad = 6,       -- maximum crates the aircraft can carry simultaneously
  autoPickupDistance = 25,    -- meters max search distance for candidate crates

  thresholds = {
    arrivalDist = 1000,       -- m: start guidance "You're close…"
    closeDist = 100,          -- m: reduce speed / set AGL guidance
    precisionDist = 8,       -- m: start precision hints
    captureHoriz = 5,         -- m: horizontal sweet spot radius
    captureVert = 5,          -- m: vertical sweet spot tolerance around AGL window
    aglMin = 5,               -- m: hover window min AGL
    aglMax = 20,              -- m: hover window max AGL
    maxGS = 8/3.6,            -- m/s: 8 km/h for precision, used for errors
    captureGS = 4/3.6,        -- m/s: 4 km/h capture requirement
    maxVS = 2.0,              -- m/s: absolute vertical speed during capture
    driftResetDist = 13,      -- m: if beyond, reset precision phase
    stabilityHold = 2.0       -- s: hold steady before loading
  },

  throttle = {
    coachUpdate = 3.0,         -- s between hint updates in precision
    generic = 3.0,            -- s between non-coach messages
    repeatSame = 6.0          -- s before repeating same message key
  },
}

-- =========================
-- MEDEVAC Configuration
-- =========================
-- #region MEDEVAC Config
CTLD.MEDEVAC = {
  Enabled = true,
  
  -- Crew spawning
  -- Per-coalition spawn probabilities for asymmetric scenarios
  CrewSurvivalChance = {
    [coalition.side.BLUE] = .50,  -- probability (0.0-1.0) that BLUE crew survives to spawn MEDEVAC request. 1.0 = 100% (testing), 0.02 = 2% (production)
    [coalition.side.RED] = .50,   -- probability (0.0-1.0) that RED crew survives to spawn MEDEVAC request
  },
  ManPadSpawnChance = {
    [coalition.side.BLUE] = 0.1,  -- probability (0.0-1.0) that BLUE crew spawns with a MANPADS soldier. 1.0 = 100% (testing), 0.1 = 10% (production)
    [coalition.side.RED] = 0.1,   -- probability (0.0-1.0) that RED crew spawns with a MANPADS soldier
  },
  CrewSpawnDelay = 300,           -- seconds after death before crew spawns (gives battle time to clear). 300 = 5 minutes
  CrewAnnouncementDelay = 60,     -- seconds after spawn before announcing mission to players (verify crew survival). 60 = 1 minute
  CrewTimeout = 3600,             -- 1 hour max wait before crew is KIA (after spawning)
  CrewSpawnOffset = 25,           -- meters from death location (toward nearest enemy)
  CrewDefaultSize = 2,            -- default crew size if not specified in catalog
  CrewDefendSelf = true,          -- crews will return fire if engaged
  
  -- Crew protection during announcement delay
  CrewImmortalDuringDelay = true, -- make crew immortal (invulnerable) during announcement delay to prevent early death
  CrewInvisibleDuringDelay = true, -- make crew invisible to AI during announcement delay (won't be targeted by enemy)
  CrewImmortalAfterAnnounce = true, -- if true, crew stays immortal even after announcing mission (easier gameplay)
  
  -- Smoke signals
  PopSmokeOnSpawn = true,         -- crew pops smoke when they first spawn
  PopSmokeOnApproach = true,      -- crew pops smoke when rescue helo approaches
  PopSmokeOnApproachDistance = 8000, -- meters - distance at which crew detects approaching helo
  SmokeColor = {                  -- smoke colors per coalition
    [coalition.side.BLUE] = trigger.smokeColor.Blue,
    [coalition.side.RED] = trigger.smokeColor.Red,
  },
  SmokeOffsetMeters = 0,          -- horizontal offset from crew position (meters) so helicopters don't hover in smoke
  SmokeOffsetRandom = true,       -- randomize horizontal offset direction (true) or always offset north (false)
  SmokeOffsetVertical = 20,        -- vertical offset above ground level (meters) for better visibility
  
  -- Greeting messages when crew detects rescue helo
  GreetingMessages = {
    "Stranded Crew: We see you, boy that thing is loud! Follow the smoke!",
    "Stranded Crew: We hear you coming.. yep, we see you.. bring it on down to the smoke!",
    "Stranded Crew: Whew! We sure are glad you're here! Over here by the smoke!",
    "Stranded Crew: About damn time! We're over here at the smoke!",
    "Stranded Crew: Thank God! We thought you forgot about us! Follow the smoke!",
    "Stranded Crew: Hey! We're the good looking ones by the smoke!",
    "Stranded Crew: Copy that, we have visual! Popping smoke now!",
    "Stranded Crew: Roger, we hear your rotors! Follow the smoke and come get us!",
    "Stranded Crew: Finally! My feet are killing me out here! We're at the smoke!",
    "Stranded Crew: That's the prettiest sound we've heard all day! Head for the smoke!",
    "Stranded Crew: Is that you or are the enemy reinforcements? Just kidding, get down here at the smoke!",
    "Stranded Crew: We've been working on our tans, come check it out! Smoke's popped!",
    "Stranded Crew: Hope you brought snacks, we're starving! Follow the smoke in!",
    "Stranded Crew: Your Uber has arrived? No, YOU'RE our Uber! We're at the smoke!",
    "Stranded Crew: Could you be any louder? The whole country knows we're here now! At least follow the smoke!",
    "Stranded Crew: Next time, could you not take so long? My coffee got cold! Smoke's up!",
    "Stranded Crew: We see you! Don't worry, we only look this bad! Head for the smoke!",
    "Stranded Crew: Inbound helo spotted! Someone owes me 20 bucks! Smoke is marking our position!",
    "Stranded Crew: Hey taxi! We're at the corner of Blown Up Avenue and Oh Crap Street! Follow the smoke!",
    "Stranded Crew: You're a sight for sore eyes! Literally, there's so much dust out here! Smoke's popped!",
    "Stranded Crew: Visual contact confirmed! Get your ass down here to the smoke!",
    "Stranded Crew: Oh thank hell, a bird! We're ready to get the fuck outta here! Smoke's marking us!",
    "Stranded Crew: We hear you! Follow the smoke and the smell of desperation!",
    "Stranded Crew: Rotors confirmed! Popping smoke now! Don't leave us hanging!",
    "Stranded Crew: That you up there? About time! We've been freezing out here! Look for the smoke!",
    "Stranded Crew: Helo inbound! We've got the salvage and the trauma, come get both! Smoke's up!",
    "Stranded Crew: Eyes on rescue bird! Someone tell me this isn't a mirage! Follow the smoke!",
    "Stranded Crew: We hear those beautiful rotors! Land this thing before we cry! Smoke marks the spot!",
    "Stranded Crew: Confirmed visual! If you leave without us, we're keeping the salvage! Smoke's popped!",
    "Stranded Crew: Choppers overhead! Finally! We were about to start walking! Head for the smoke!",
    "Stranded Crew: That's our ride! Everyone look alive and try not to smell too bad! We're at the smoke!",
    "Stranded Crew: Helo spotted! Quick, somebody look professional! Smoke's marking our position!",
    "Stranded Crew: You're here! We'd hug you but we're covered in dirt and shame! Follow the smoke!",
    "Stranded Crew: Bird inbound! Popping smoke! Someone owes us overtime for this shit!",
    "Stranded Crew: Visual on rescue! Get down here before the enemy spots you too! Smoke's up!",
    "Stranded Crew: We see you! Follow the smoke and broken dreams!",
    "Stranded Crew: Incoming helo! Thank fuck! We're ready to leave this lovely hellscape! Smoke marks us!",
    "Stranded Crew: Eyes on bird! We've got salvage, stories, and a desperate need for AC! Look for the smoke!",
    "Stranded Crew: That you? Get down here! We've been standing here like idiots for hours! Smoke's popped!",
    "Stranded Crew: Helo visual! Popping smoke! Anyone got room for some very tired, very angry crew?",
    "Stranded Crew: We see you up there! Don't you dare fly past us! Follow the smoke!",
    "Stranded Crew: Rescue inbound! Finally! We were starting to plan a walk home! Smoke's marking us!",
    "Stranded Crew: Contact! We have eyes on you! Come get us before we change our minds about this whole military thing! Smoke's up!",
    "Stranded Crew: Helo confirmed! Smoke's up! Let's get this reunion started!",
    "Stranded Crew: You beautiful bastard! We see you! Get down here to the smoke!",
    "Stranded Crew: Visual on rescue! We're ready! Let's get out before our luck runs out! Follow the smoke!",
    "Stranded Crew: Bird spotted! Smoke deployed! Hurry before we attract more attention!",
    "Stranded Crew: There you are! What took so long? Never mind, just land at the smoke!",
    "Stranded Crew: We see you! Follow the smoke and the sound of relieved cursing!",
    "Stranded Crew: Helo inbound! Everyone grab your shit! We're leaving this place! Smoke marks the LZ!",
    "Stranded Crew: Is that our ride or just someone sightseeing? Either way, smoke's up!",
    "Stranded Crew: We've got eyes on you! Come to the smoke before we lose our minds!",
    "Stranded Crew: Tally ho! That's military speak for 'follow the damn smoke'!",
    "Stranded Crew: You're late! But we'll forgive you if you land at the smoke!",
    "Stranded Crew: Helo overhead! Popping smoke! This better not be a drill!",
    "Stranded Crew: Contact confirmed! Smoke's marking us! Don't make us wait!",
    "Stranded Crew: We hear rotors! Please be friendly! Smoke's up either way!",
    "Stranded Crew: Bird inbound! Smoke deployed! Let's make this quick!",
    "Stranded Crew: Visual on helo! Follow the smoke to the worst day of our lives!",
    "Stranded Crew: You found us! Smoke's marking the spot! Gold star for you!",
    "Stranded Crew: Rescue bird spotted! Smoke's up! We're the desperate ones!",
    "Stranded Crew: We see you! Land at the smoke before we start charging rent!",
    "Stranded Crew: Helo visual! Smoke deployed! This isn't a vacation spot!",
    "Stranded Crew: That's you! Finally! Follow the smoke to glory!",
    "Stranded Crew: Eyes on rescue! Smoke marks our misery! Come fix it!",
    "Stranded Crew: We hear you! Smoke's popped! Let's end this nightmare!",
    "Stranded Crew: Contact! Visual! Smoke! All the good stuff! Get down here!",
    "Stranded Crew: Rescue inbound! Smoke's up! We've rehearsed this moment!",
    "Stranded Crew: You're here! Smoke's marking us! Don't screw this up!",
    "Stranded Crew: Helo confirmed! Follow the smoke to the saddest party ever!",
    "Stranded Crew: We see you! Smoke's deployed! Land before we cry!",
    "Stranded Crew: Bird spotted! Smoke marks us! We're the ones waving frantically!",
    "Stranded Crew: Visual contact! Smoke's up! This is not a joke!",
    "Stranded Crew: You made it! Follow the smoke! We've got beer money! (Lies, but follow the smoke anyway!)",
    "Stranded Crew: Helo inbound! Smoke deployed! Pick us up before our wives find out!",
    "Stranded Crew: We hear you! Smoke's marking our stupidity! Come save us from ourselves!",
    "Stranded Crew: Contact! Smoke's up! We promise we're worth the fuel!",
    "Stranded Crew: Rescue bird! Smoke marks the spot! This is awkward for everyone!",
    "Stranded Crew: You're here! Smoke deployed! We'll explain everything later!",
    "Stranded Crew: Visual on helo! Follow the smoke to disappointment and gratitude!",
    "Stranded Crew: We see you! Smoke's up! Let's never speak of this again!",
    "Stranded Crew: Helo spotted! Smoke marks us! We're the embarrassed ones!",
    "Stranded Crew: Contact confirmed! Smoke deployed! This wasn't in the manual!",
    "Stranded Crew: You found us! Smoke's up! Someone's getting a promotion!",
    "Stranded Crew: Bird inbound! Follow the smoke to heroes and idiots!",
    "Stranded Crew: We hear you! Smoke's marking us! Please don't tell command!",
    "Stranded Crew: Visual! Smoke deployed! We'll buy you drinks forever!",
    "Stranded Crew: Helo confirmed! Smoke's up! Best day of our lives right here!",
    "Stranded Crew: You're here! Follow the smoke! We're never leaving base again!",
    "Stranded Crew: Contact! Smoke marks us! This is our rock bottom!",
    "Stranded Crew: Rescue inbound! Smoke deployed! We're upgrading your Yelp review!",
    "Stranded Crew: We see you! Smoke's up! Land before the enemy does!",
    "Stranded Crew: Bird spotted! Follow the smoke! We've learned our lesson!",
    "Stranded Crew: Visual on helo! Smoke's marking us! This is so embarrassing!",
    "Stranded Crew: You made it! Smoke deployed! We owe you everything!",
    "Stranded Crew: Helo inbound! Smoke marks the spot! Let's go home!",
    "Stranded Crew: We hear you! Follow the smoke! We're the lucky ones!",
    "Stranded Crew: Contact confirmed! Smoke's up! Thank you, thank you, thank you!",
    "Stranded Crew: Rescue bird! Smoke deployed! You're our favorite person ever!",
  },
  
  -- Request airlift messages (initial mission announcement)
  RequestAirLiftMessages = {
    "Stranded Crew: This is {vehicle} crew at {grid}. Need pickup ASAP! We have {salvage} salvage to collect.",
    "Stranded Crew: Yo, this is {vehicle} survivors at {grid}. Come get us before the bad guys do! {salvage} salvage available.",
    "Stranded Crew: {vehicle} crew reporting from {grid}. We're alive but our ride isn't. {salvage} salvage ready for extraction.",
    "Stranded Crew: Mayday! {vehicle} crew at {grid}. Send taxi, will pay in salvage! ({salvage} units available)",
    "Stranded Crew: This is what's left of {vehicle} crew at {grid}. Pick us up and grab the {salvage} salvage while you're at it!",
    "Stranded Crew: {vehicle} survivors here at {grid}. We've got {salvage} salvage and a bad attitude. Come get us!",
    "Stranded Crew: Former {vehicle} operators at {grid}. Vehicle's toast but we salvaged {salvage} units. Need immediate evac!",
    "Stranded Crew: {vehicle} crew broadcasting from {grid}. Situation: homeless. Salvage: {salvage} units. Mood: not great.",
    "Stranded Crew: This is {vehicle} at {grid}. Well, WAS {vehicle}. Now it's scrap. Got {salvage} salvage though!",
    "Stranded Crew: Hey! {vehicle} crew at {grid}! Our insurance definitely doesn't cover this. {salvage} salvage available.",
    "Stranded Crew: {vehicle} survivors reporting. Grid {grid}. Status: walking. Salvage: {salvage}. Pride: wounded.",
    "Stranded Crew: To whom it may concern: {vehicle} crew at {grid} requests immediate pickup. {salvage} salvage awaiting recovery.",
    "Stranded Crew: {vehicle} down at {grid}. Crew status: annoyed but alive. Salvage count: {salvage}. Hurry up!",
    "Stranded Crew: This is a priority call from {vehicle} crew at {grid}. We got {salvage} salvage and zero patience left!",
    "Stranded Crew: {vehicle} operators at {grid}. The vehicle gave up, we didn't. {salvage} salvage ready to go!",
    "Stranded Crew: Urgent! {vehicle} crew stranded at {grid}. Got {salvage} salvage and a serious need for extraction!",
    "Stranded Crew: {vehicle} here, well, parts of it anyway. Crew at {grid}. Salvage: {salvage}. Morale: questionable.",
    "Stranded Crew: {vehicle} down at {grid}. We're fine, vehicle's dead. {salvage} salvage secured. Come get us before we walk home!",
    "Stranded Crew: Calling all angels! {vehicle} crew at {grid} needs a lift. Bringing {salvage} salvage as payment!",
    "Stranded Crew: {vehicle} crew broadcasting from scenic {grid}. Collected {salvage} salvage. Would not recommend this location!",
    "Stranded Crew: This is {vehicle} at {grid}. Vehicle status: spectacular fireball (was). Crew status: could use a ride. Salvage: {salvage}.",
    "Stranded Crew: {vehicle} survivors at {grid}. We've got {salvage} salvage and stories you won't believe. Extract us!",
    "Stranded Crew: Former {vehicle} crew at {grid}. Current occupants of a smoking crater. {salvage} salvage available!",
    "Stranded Crew: {vehicle} operators requesting immediate evac from {grid}. Salvage secured: {salvage} units. Bring beer.",
    "Stranded Crew: This is {vehicle} crew. Location: {grid}. Situation: not ideal. Salvage: {salvage}. Need: helicopter. NOW.",
    "Stranded Crew: {grid}, party of {crew_size} from {vehicle}. Got {salvage} salvage and nowhere to go. Send help!",
    "Stranded Crew: {vehicle} down at {grid}. Crew bailed, grabbed {salvage} salvage, now standing here like idiots. Pick us up!",
    "Stranded Crew: Emergency broadcast from {vehicle} crew at {grid}. {salvage} salvage ready. Our ride? Not so much.",
    "Stranded Crew: {vehicle} at {grid}. Status report: vehicle's a loss, crew's intact, {salvage} salvage secured. Send taxi!",
    "Stranded Crew: Hey command! {vehicle} crew at {grid}. We saved {salvage} salvage but couldn't save the vehicle. Priorities!",
    "Stranded Crew: This is {vehicle} broadcasting from {grid}. Crew's good, vehicle's bad, {salvage} salvage available. Get us outta here!",
    "Stranded Crew: {vehicle} survivors at {grid} with {salvage} salvage. We're sunburned, pissed off, and ready for extraction!",
    "Stranded Crew: Attention: {vehicle} crew at {grid} requires pickup. {salvage} salvage recovered. Hurry before we become salvage too!",
    "Stranded Crew: {vehicle} here at {grid}. The good news: {salvage} salvage. The bad news: everything else. Send help!",
    "Stranded Crew: From the smoking remains of {vehicle} at {grid}, we bring you {salvage} salvage and a request for immediate evac!",
    "Stranded Crew: {vehicle} crew calling from {grid}. Vehicle's done, crew's done waiting. {salvage} salvage ready. Move it!",
    "Stranded Crew: This is {vehicle} at {grid}. Collected {salvage} salvage while our ride went up in flames. Worth it?",
    "Stranded Crew: {vehicle} operators at {grid}. Got {salvage} salvage and a newfound appreciation for walking. Please send helo!",
    "Stranded Crew: {grid} here. {vehicle} crew reporting. Salvage count: {salvage}. Ride count: zero. Help count: needed!",
    "Stranded Crew: {vehicle} down at {grid}! Crew up and ready with {salvage} salvage! Someone come get us already!",
    "Stranded Crew: This is {vehicle} broadcasting on guard. Position {grid}. {salvage} salvage secured. Crew status: tired of your shit, send pickup!",
    "Stranded Crew: {vehicle} crew at {grid} here. We've got {salvage} salvage, bad sunburns, and a dying radio battery. Hurry!",
    "Stranded Crew: Emergency call from {grid}! {vehicle} crew alive with {salvage} salvage. Vehicle? Not so lucky. Extract ASAP!",
    "Stranded Crew: {vehicle} at {grid}. Mission status: FUBAR. Crew status: alive. Salvage status: {salvage} units ready. Send bird!",
    "Stranded Crew: This is {vehicle} crew. We're at {grid} with {salvage} salvage and zero transportation. Someone fix that!",
    "Stranded Crew: {vehicle} survivors broadcasting from {grid}. Got the salvage ({salvage} units), lost the vehicle. Fair trade?",
    "Stranded Crew: Urgent from {grid}! {vehicle} crew here with {salvage} salvage and rapidly depleting patience. Pick us up!",
    "Stranded Crew: {vehicle} down at {grid}. Crew condition: grumpy but mobile. Salvage available: {salvage}. Ride home: none.",
    "Stranded Crew: This is {vehicle} calling from {grid}. We're standing in the middle of nowhere with {salvage} salvage. Sound fun?",
    "Stranded Crew: {vehicle} crew at {grid}. Salvage recovered: {salvage}. Pride recovered: maybe later. Need pickup now!",
    "Stranded Crew: SOS from {grid}! {vehicle} crew requesting airlift! {salvage} salvage secured! This is not a drill!",
    "Stranded Crew: {vehicle} survivors at {grid}. Vehicle kaput. Crew intact. {salvage} salvage ready. Send chopper!",
    "Stranded Crew: This is {vehicle} crew at {grid}. We walked away from the wreck with {salvage} salvage. Now what?",
    "Stranded Crew: Priority message! {vehicle} down at {grid}! Crew needs evac! {salvage} salvage available!",
    "Stranded Crew: {vehicle} at {grid}. The vehicle didn't make it but we did. {salvage} salvage waiting. Send help!",
    "Stranded Crew: Distress call from {grid}! {vehicle} crew needs immediate pickup! {salvage} salvage on site!",
    "Stranded Crew: {vehicle} operators broadcasting from {grid}. Status: stranded. Payload: {salvage} salvage. Request: extraction!",
    "Stranded Crew: This is {vehicle} crew. Grid: {grid}. Vehicle: destroyed. Salvage: {salvage}. Spirit: broken. Send pickup!",
    "Stranded Crew: {vehicle} down at {grid}. We've got {salvage} salvage and a story that'll make you cringe. Extract us!",
    "Stranded Crew: Emergency! {vehicle} crew at {grid}! Vehicle lost! {salvage} salvage recovered! Need airlift stat!",
    "Stranded Crew: {vehicle} survivors reporting from {grid}. {salvage} salvage secured. Vehicle unsalvageable. We're not!",
    "Stranded Crew: This is {vehicle} at {grid}. Crew escaped with {salvage} salvage. Need immediate extraction before enemy finds us!",
    "Stranded Crew: {vehicle} crew broadcasting from {grid}. Got {salvage} salvage. Lost everything else. Please respond!",
    "Stranded Crew: Mayday from {grid}! {vehicle} crew needs rescue! {salvage} salvage available! Don't leave us here!",
    "Stranded Crew: {vehicle} operators at {grid}. Salvage count: {salvage}. Morale count: negative. Pickup count: zero so far!",
    "Stranded Crew: This is {vehicle} crew at {grid}. We managed to save {salvage} salvage. Can you save us?",
    "Stranded Crew: {vehicle} down at {grid}! Crew on foot with {salvage} salvage! Send taxi before we start hitchhiking!",
    "Stranded Crew: Emergency call! {vehicle} crew at {grid}! {salvage} salvage ready! Vehicle not! We need help!",
    "Stranded Crew: {vehicle} survivors broadcasting from {grid}. We're alive, vehicle's not, {salvage} salvage secured. What now?",
    "Stranded Crew: This is {vehicle} at {grid}. Crew status: homeless. Salvage status: {salvage} units. Transportation status: needed!",
    "Stranded Crew: {vehicle} crew calling from {grid}. We've got {salvage} salvage and no way home. Fix that!",
    "Stranded Crew: Priority rescue needed! {vehicle} at {grid}! {salvage} salvage secured! Crew waiting!",
    "Stranded Crew: {vehicle} operators from {grid}. Vehicle destroyed. Salvage recovered: {salvage}. Us recovered: not yet!",
    "Stranded Crew: This is {vehicle} crew. Location: {grid}. Salvage: {salvage}. Transportation: missing. Patience: running out!",
    "Stranded Crew: {vehicle} down at {grid}! We escaped with {salvage} salvage! Send extraction before our luck runs out!",
    "Stranded Crew: Emergency broadcast from {grid}! {vehicle} crew needs airlift! {salvage} salvage ready for recovery!",
    "Stranded Crew: {vehicle} survivors at {grid}. Got {salvage} salvage. Need helicopter. Preferably soon. Please?",
    "Stranded Crew: This is {vehicle} at {grid}. Vehicle: totaled. Crew: intact. Salvage: {salvage}. Ride: requested!",
    "Stranded Crew: {vehicle} crew broadcasting from {grid}. We saved {salvage} salvage from the wreck. Now save us!",
    "Stranded Crew: Urgent! {vehicle} at {grid}! Crew needs extraction! {salvage} salvage available! Respond ASAP!",
    "Stranded Crew: {vehicle} operators from {grid}. Salvage secured: {salvage}. Everything else: lost. Help requested!",
    "Stranded Crew: This is {vehicle} crew at {grid}. {salvage} salvage recovered. Now we need to be recovered!",
    "Stranded Crew: {vehicle} down at {grid}! Crew survived with {salvage} salvage! Vehicle didn't! Send pickup!",
    "Stranded Crew: Emergency call from {grid}! {vehicle} crew requesting immediate evac! {salvage} salvage on hand!",
    "Stranded Crew: {vehicle} survivors broadcasting from {grid}. Status: stranded. Cargo: {salvage} salvage. Mood: desperate!",
    "Stranded Crew: This is {vehicle} at {grid}. We walked away from disaster with {salvage} salvage. Don't make us walk home!",
    "Stranded Crew: {vehicle} crew calling from {grid}. Vehicle: gone. Salvage: {salvage}. Hope: fading. Send help!",
    "Stranded Crew: Priority message! {vehicle} at {grid}! Crew needs pickup! {salvage} salvage ready! Time is critical!",
    "Stranded Crew: {vehicle} operators from {grid}. We've got {salvage} salvage and no vehicle. Math doesn't work. Send helo!",
    "Stranded Crew: This is {vehicle} crew at {grid}. Salvage recovered: {salvage}. Pride recovered: TBD. Pickup needed: definitely!",
    "Stranded Crew: {vehicle} down at {grid}! Crew intact with {salvage} salvage! Vehicle scattered across 50 meters! Extract us!",
    "Stranded Crew: Emergency from {grid}! {vehicle} crew needs airlift! {salvage} salvage secured! Don't forget about us!",
    "Stranded Crew: {vehicle} survivors at {grid}. We managed to grab {salvage} salvage. Can you manage to grab us?",
    "Stranded Crew: This is {vehicle} broadcasting from {grid}. Crew safe. Vehicle unsafe. {salvage} salvage ready. Pickup overdue!",
    "Stranded Crew: {vehicle} crew at {grid}. We've got {salvage} salvage and regrets. Send extraction before we have more regrets!",
    "Stranded Crew: Urgent call from {grid}! {vehicle} crew stranded! {salvage} salvage on site! Need immediate pickup!",
    "Stranded Crew: {vehicle} operators from {grid}. Salvage count: {salvage}. Vehicle count: zero. Help count: requested!",
  },
  
  -- Load messages (shown when crew boards helicopter - initial contact)
  LoadMessages = {
    "Crew: Alright, we're in! Get us the hell out of here!",
    "Crew: Loaded up! Thank God you showed up!",
    "Crew: We're aboard! Let's not hang around!",
    "Crew: All accounted for! Move it, move it!",
    "Crew: Everyone's in! Punch it!",
    "Crew: Secure! Get airborne before they spot us!",
    "Crew: We're good! Nice flying, now let's go!",
    "Crew: Loaded! You're our hero, let's bounce!",
    "Crew: In the bird! Hit the gas!",
    "Crew: Everyone's aboard! Go go go!",
    "Crew: Mounted up! Don't wait for an invitation!",
    "Crew: We're in! Holy shit, that was close!",
    "Crew: All souls aboard! Time to leave!",
    "Crew: Secure! Best thing I've seen all day!",
    "Crew: Loaded! You magnificent bastard!",
    "Crew: We're good to go! Pedal to the metal!",
    "Crew: All in! Get us home, please!",
    "Crew: Aboard! This is not a drill, GO!",
    "Crew: Everyone's in! You're a lifesaver!",
    "Crew: Locked and loaded! Wait, wrong phrase... just go!",
    "Crew: All personnel aboard! Outstanding work!",
    "Crew: We're in! Never been happier to see a helicopter!",
    "Crew: Boarding complete! Let's get the fuck out of here!",
    "Crew: Secure! You deserve a medal for this!",
    "Crew: Everyone's aboard! Enemy's probably watching!",
    "Crew: All in! Don't let us keep you!",
    "Crew: Mounted! Nice flying, seriously!",
    "Crew: Loaded up! First round's on us!",
    "Crew: We're in! Best Uber rating ever!",
    "Crew: All aboard! You're a goddamn angel!",
    "Crew: Secure! Nicest thing anyone's done for us!",
    "Crew: Everyone's in! Time's wasting!",
    "Crew: Boarding complete! You rock!",
    "Crew: All souls accounted for! Let's roll!",
    "Crew: We're good! Get altitude, fast!",
    "Crew: Loaded! I could kiss you!",
    "Crew: Everyone's aboard! Don't wait around!",
    "Crew: All in! Unbelievable timing!",
    "Crew: Secure! You're the best!",
    "Crew: Mounted up! We owe you big time!",
    "Crew: All aboard! Rotors up, let's go!",
    "Crew: We're in! Perfect execution!",
    "Crew: Loaded! Smoothest pickup ever!",
    "Crew: Everyone's good! Haul ass!",
    "Crew: All accounted for! Spectacular flying!",
    "Crew: Secure! Get us out of this hellhole!",
    "Crew: We're aboard! Don't stick around!",
    "Crew: All in! You're incredible!",
    "Crew: Loaded up! Time to jet!",
    "Crew: Everyone's secure! Outstanding!",
    "Crew: All aboard! Best day ever!",
    "Crew: We're good! Thank fucking God!",
    "Crew: Loaded! You beautiful human being!",
    "Crew: All personnel in! Fly fly fly!",
    "Crew: Secure! Can't thank you enough!",
    "Crew: Everyone's aboard! Green light!",
    "Crew: All in! You're a legend!",
    "Crew: Loaded! Sweet baby Jesus, let's go!",
    "Crew: We're aboard! Best rescue ever!",
    "Crew: All accounted for! Move out!",
    "Crew: Secure! You saved our asses!",
    "Crew: Everyone's in! Don't wait!",
    "Crew: All aboard! Brilliant work!",
    "Crew: Loaded up! We're getting married!",
    "Crew: We're good! Absolutely perfect!",
    "Crew: All in! Hit the throttle!",
    "Crew: Secure! You're amazing!",
    "Crew: Everyone's aboard! Let's leave!",
    "Crew: All accounted for! Superb!",
    "Crew: Loaded! Get us home safe!",
    "Crew: We're in! Textbook pickup!",
    "Crew: All aboard! Go go go!",
    "Crew: Secure! We love you!",
    "Crew: Everyone's good! Don't linger!",
    "Crew: All in! Professional as hell!",
    "Crew: Loaded up! Time to skedaddle!",
    "Crew: We're aboard! You're the GOAT!",
    "Crew: All souls in! Get moving!",
    "Crew: Secure! We're naming our kids after you!",
    "Crew: Everyone's aboard! Clear to leave!",
    "Crew: All in! Never doubt yourself!",
    "Crew: Loaded! You're a fucking hero!",
    "Crew: We're good! Exceptional timing!",
    "Crew: All accounted for! Hats off!",
    "Crew: Secure! Best pilot ever!",
    "Crew: Everyone's in! Throttle up!",
    "Crew: All aboard! You're the man!",
    "Crew: Loaded up! Pure excellence!",
    "Crew: We're aboard! Flawless!",
    "Crew: All in! Get us airborne!",
    "Crew: Secure! Impressive stuff!",
    "Crew: Everyone's good! Don't delay!",
    "Crew: All accounted for! Top notch!",
    "Crew: Loaded! Words can't express our thanks!",
    "Crew: We're in! You're certified awesome!",
    "Crew: All aboard! Time to split!",
    "Crew: Secure! We're forever grateful!",
    "Crew: Everyone's aboard! Wheels up!",
    "Crew: All in! Couldn't be better!",
    "Crew: Loaded up! You're the best pilot we know!",
    "Crew: We're good! Clear skies ahead!",
    "Crew: All souls aboard! Let's book it!",
    "Crew: Secure! You're our guardian angel!",
  },
  
  -- Loading messages (shown periodically during boarding process)
  LoadingMessages = {
    "Crew: Hold still, we're getting in...",
    "Crew: Watch your head! Coming through!",
    "Crew: Almost there, keep it steady...",
    "Crew: Just a sec, getting situated...",
    "Crew: Loading up, hang tight...",
    "Crew: Careful with Jenkins, he's bleeding pretty bad...",
    "Crew: Someone grab the salvage!",
    "Crew: Easy does it, wounded coming aboard...",
    "Crew: Keep it level, we're climbing in...",
    "Crew: Steady now, injured personnel...",
    "Crew: Oh God, there's so much blood...",
    "Crew: Medic! Where's the first aid kit?",
    "Crew: Hold position, almost loaded...",
    "Crew: Watch the rotor wash!",
    "Crew: Someone's unconscious, careful!",
    "Crew: Getting the wounded in first...",
    "Crew: Steady as she goes...",
    "Crew: Holy hell, Mike's leg is fucked up...",
    "Crew: Hurry, he's losing blood fast!",
    "Crew: Nice and easy, don't rush...",
    "Crew: Everyone watch your step...",
    "Crew: Loading wounded, give us a second...",
    "Crew: Jesus, that's a lot of shrapnel...",
    "Crew: Keep those rotors spinning!",
    "Crew: Almost done, standby...",
    "Crew: Careful, compound fracture here!",
    "Crew: Someone's in shock, move it!",
    "Crew: Loading gear, then we're good...",
    "Crew: Stay put, we're working...",
    "Crew: Damn, this guy's a mess...",
    "Crew: Getting everyone situated...",
    "Crew: Nice flying, keep it steady...",
    "Crew: Hold still while we board...",
    "Crew: Watch that head wound!",
    "Crew: Everyone stay calm...",
    "Crew: Getting the critical cases first...",
    "Crew: Standby, loading continues...",
    "Crew: Someone's got a sucking chest wound!",
    "Crew: Keep that bird steady, sir!",
    "Crew: Almost there, patience...",
    "Crew: Wounded first, then equipment...",
    "Crew: Oh fuck, internal bleeding...",
    "Crew: Stay with us, buddy!",
    "Crew: Loading process underway...",
    "Crew: Keep those engines running!",
    "Crew: Careful with his arm, it's shattered!",
    "Crew: Getting everyone secured...",
    "Crew: Hold your position, pilot!",
    "Crew: Someone's not breathing right...",
    "Crew: Almost done loading...",
    "Crew: Watch your footing!",
    "Crew: Traumatic amputation, careful!",
    "Crew: Everyone grab something!",
    "Crew: Standby, still boarding...",
    "Crew: Nice hover, keep it up...",
    "Crew: Getting the gear stowed...",
    "Crew: Oh man, burns everywhere...",
    "Crew: Stay conscious, stay with me!",
    "Crew: Loading in progress...",
    "Crew: Excellent flying, seriously...",
    "Crew: Watch out for that wound!",
    "Crew: Everyone move carefully...",
    "Crew: He's going into shock!",
    "Crew: Almost finished boarding...",
    "Crew: Keep it stable, we're working...",
    "Crew: Jesus, look at his face...",
    "Crew: Getting everyone in...",
    "Crew: Hold that position!",
    "Crew: Someone's barely conscious...",
    "Crew: Loading continues, standby...",
    "Crew: Perfect hover, captain!",
    "Crew: Careful, severe trauma here...",
    "Crew: Everyone's moving slow...",
    "Crew: Hold on, still loading...",
    "Crew: Damn good flying, pilot!",
    "Crew: Watch the blood slick!",
    "Crew: Getting situated here...",
    "Crew: He needs a hospital NOW...",
    "Crew: Almost done, keep steady...",
    "Crew: Loading wounded personnel...",
    "Crew: Stay with us, soldier!",
    "Crew: Keep those rotors turning...",
    "Crew: Careful, major injuries...",
    "Crew: Everyone board carefully...",
    "Crew: Hold position, nearly done...",
    "Crew: Oh God, the smell...",
    "Crew: Loading critical cases...",
    "Crew: Steady now, pilot...",
    "Crew: Someone's in bad shape...",
    "Crew: Almost loaded up...",
    "Crew: Nice hover, excellent control...",
    "Crew: Watch the shrapnel wounds!",
    "Crew: Everyone move slowly...",
    "Crew: He's bleeding out!",
    "Crew: Getting everyone aboard...",
    "Crew: Hold that hover!",
    "Crew: Severe burns, careful!",
    "Crew: Loading in progress, standby...",
    "Crew: Perfect positioning, sir...",
    "Crew: Watch those injuries!",
    "Crew: Everyone take it easy...",
    "Crew: Almost finished here...",
  },
  
  -- Unloading messages (shown when delivering crew to MASH)
  UnloadingMessages = {
    "Crew: We're at MASH! Thank you so much!",
    "Crew: Finally! Get these guys to the docs!",
    "Crew: Medical team, we need help here!",
    "Crew: We made it! Get the wounded inside!",
    "Crew: MASH arrival! These guys need immediate attention!",
    "Crew: Unloading! Someone call the surgeons!",
    "Crew: We're here! Priority casualties!",
    "Crew: Made it alive! You're incredible!",
    "Crew: MASH delivery! Critical patients!",
    "Crew: Get the medics! We got wounded!",
    "Crew: Arrived! These guys are in bad shape!",
    "Crew: We're down! Medical emergency!",
    "Crew: At MASH! Someone help these men!",
    "Crew: Delivered! Thank God for you!",
    "Crew: We made it! Get stretchers!",
    "Crew: Arrival confirmed! Wounded aboard!",
    "Crew: Finally here! Need doctors NOW!",
    "Crew: MASH drop-off! Several critical!",
    "Crew: We're safe! Get the medical team!",
    "Crew: Landed! These boys need surgery!",
    "Crew: Delivery complete! You saved lives today!",
    "Crew: At medical! Urgent care needed!",
    "Crew: We're here! Someone's coding!",
    "Crew: MASH arrival! Serious trauma cases!",
    "Crew: Made it! Outstanding flying!",
    "Crew: Delivered safely! Medical assist required!",
    "Crew: We're down! Get the surgical team!",
    "Crew: At MASH! Multiple wounded!",
    "Crew: Arrived! These guys won't last long!",
    "Crew: Delivery! We owe you everything!",
    "Crew: MASH landing! Emergency cases!",
    "Crew: We made it! Immediate medical attention!",
    "Crew: Here safe! Call the surgeons!",
    "Crew: Delivered! Some really bad injuries!",
    "Crew: At medical! They need help fast!",
    "Crew: We're here! You're a hero!",
    "Crew: MASH drop! Priority patients!",
    "Crew: Arrived alive! Medical emergency!",
    "Crew: Delivery complete! Get them inside!",
    "Crew: We made it! Someone's critical!",
    "Crew: At MASH! Severe casualties!",
    "Crew: Landed safely! Thank you!",
    "Crew: Delivered! Medical team needed!",
    "Crew: We're here! These guys are fucked up!",
    "Crew: MASH arrival! Get the doctors!",
    "Crew: Made it! They're losing blood!",
    "Crew: Arrived! Urgent surgical cases!",
    "Crew: We're down! Multiple trauma!",
    "Crew: At medical! You saved our asses!",
    "Crew: Delivery! Several critical injuries!",
    "Crew: MASH landing! They need OR stat!",
    "Crew: We made it! Heavy casualties!",
    "Crew: Here safely! Medical response!",
    "Crew: Delivered! Some won't make it without surgery!",
    "Crew: At MASH! Emergency personnel needed!",
    "Crew: Arrived! These boys need immediate care!",
    "Crew: We're here! Call triage!",
    "Crew: MASH drop-off! Serious wounds!",
    "Crew: Made it alive! Outstanding work!",
    "Crew: Delivered safely! Get the medics!",
    "Crew: We're down! They're in rough shape!",
    "Crew: At medical! Priority one casualties!",
    "Crew: Arrived! You're a lifesaver!",
    "Crew: Delivery complete! Medical emergency!",
    "Crew: MASH landing! Critical patients!",
    "Crew: We made it! Someone's not breathing well!",
    "Crew: Here! Get them to surgery!",
    "Crew: Delivered! Severe trauma aboard!",
    "Crew: At MASH! They need doctors now!",
    "Crew: Arrived safely! You're amazing!",
    "Crew: We're here! Multiple serious injuries!",
    "Crew: MASH drop! Get the surgical team!",
    "Crew: Made it! Thank fucking God!",
    "Crew: Delivered! Several need immediate surgery!",
    "Crew: We're down! Medical assist!",
    "Crew: At medical! These guys are critical!",
    "Crew: Arrived! You deserve a medal!",
    "Crew: Delivery! Heavy casualties!",
    "Crew: MASH landing! Emergency patients!",
    "Crew: We made it! Get help quick!",
    "Crew: Here safely! Brilliant flying!",
    "Crew: Delivered! Someone's in bad shape!",
    "Crew: At MASH! Urgent care!",
    "Crew: Arrived alive! Medical emergency!",
    "Crew: We're here! They need triage!",
    "Crew: MASH drop-off! You saved lives!",
    "Crew: Made it! These boys need help!",
    "Crew: Delivered safely! Call the doctors!",
    "Crew: We're down! Priority casualties!",
    "Crew: At medical! You're our hero!",
    "Crew: Arrived! Severe wounds here!",
    "Crew: Delivery complete! Get medical personnel!",
    "Crew: MASH landing! Critical condition!",
    "Crew: We made it! They're barely hanging on!",
    "Crew: Here! Immediate medical attention!",
    "Crew: Delivered! Someone's dying!",
    "Crew: At MASH! Get the OR ready!",
    "Crew: Arrived safely! We can't thank you enough!",
    "Crew: We're here! Emergency surgery needed!",
    "Crew: MASH drop! Multiple trauma!",
    "Crew: Made it alive! Exceptional flying!",
    "Crew: Delivered! They need help now!",
    "Crew: We're down! Medical response required!",
  },
  
  -- Crew unit types per coalition (fallback if not specified in catalog)
  CrewUnitTypes = {
    [coalition.side.BLUE] = 'Soldier M4',
    [coalition.side.RED] = 'Paratrooper RPG-16',  -- Try Russian paratrooper instead
  },
  
  -- MANPADS unit types per coalition (one random crew member gets this weapon)
  ManPadUnitTypes = {
    [coalition.side.BLUE] = 'Soldier stinger',
    [coalition.side.RED] = 'SA-18 Igla manpad',
  },
  
  -- Respawn settings
  RespawnOnPickup = true,         -- if true, vehicle respawns when crew loaded into helo
  RespawnOffset = 15,             -- meters from original death position
  RespawnSameHeading = true,      -- preserve original heading
  
  -- Automatic pickup/unload settings
  AutoPickup = {
    Enabled = true,               -- if true, crews will run to landed helicopters and board automatically
    MaxDistance = 500,            -- meters - max distance crew will detect and run to helicopter
    CrewMoveSpeed = 25,           -- meters/second - speed crew runs to helicopter (25 = sprint)
    CheckInterval = 3,            -- seconds between checks for landed helicopters
  },
  
  AutoUnload = {
    Enabled = true,               -- if true, crews automatically unload when landed in MASH zone
    UnloadDelay = 8,              -- seconds after landing before auto-unload triggers
  },
  
  -- Salvage system
  Salvage = {
    Enabled = true,
    PoolType = 'global',          -- 'global' = coalition-wide pool
    DefaultValue = 1,             -- default salvageValue if not in catalog
    ShowInStatus = true,          -- show salvage points in F10 status menu
    AutoApply = true,             -- auto-use salvage when out of stock (no manual confirmation)
    AllowAnyItem = true,          -- can build items that never had inventory using salvage
  },
  
  -- Map markers for downed crews
  MapMarkers = {
    Enabled = true,
    IconText = '🔴 MEDEVAC',      -- prefix for marker text
    ShowGrid = true,              -- include grid coordinates in marker
    ShowTimeRemaining = true,     -- show expiration time in marker
    ShowSalvageValue = true,      -- show salvage value in marker
  },
  
  -- Warning messages before crew timeout
  Warnings = {
    { time = 900, message = 'MEDEVAC: {crew} at {grid} has 15 minutes remaining!' },
    { time = 300, message = 'URGENT MEDEVAC: {crew} at {grid} will be KIA in 5 minutes!' },
  },
  
  MASHZoneRadius = 500,           -- default radius for MASH zones
  MASHZoneColors = {
    border = {1, 1, 0, 0.85},     -- yellow border
    fill = {1, 0.75, 0.8, 0.25},  -- pink fill
  },
  
  -- Mobile MASH (player-deployable via crates)
  MobileMASH = {
    Enabled = true,
    ZoneRadius = 500,                     -- radius of Mobile MASH zone in meters
    CrateRecipeKey = 'MOBILE_MASH',       -- catalog key for building mobile MASH
    AnnouncementInterval = 1800,          -- 30 mins between announcements
    BeaconFrequency = '30.0 FM',          -- radio frequency for announcements
    Destructible = true,
    VehicleTypes = {
      [coalition.side.BLUE] = 'M113',     -- Medical variant for BLUE
      [coalition.side.RED] = 'BTR-D',     -- Medical/transport variant for RED
    },
    AutoIncrementName = true,             -- "Mobile MASH 1", "Mobile MASH 2"...
  },
  
  -- Statistics tracking
  Statistics = {
    Enabled = true,
    TrackByPlayer = false,            -- if true, track per-player stats (not yet implemented)
  },
}
-- #endregion MEDEVAC Config

  -- #region State
  -- Internal state tables
CTLD._instances = CTLD._instances or {}
CTLD._crates = {}          -- [crateName] = { key, zone, side, spawnTime, point }
CTLD._troopsLoaded = {}    -- [groupName] = { count, typeKey, weightKg }
CTLD._loadedCrates = {}    -- [groupName] = { total=n, totalWeightKg=w, byKey = { key -> count } }
CTLD._deployedTroops = {}  -- [groupName] = { typeKey, count, side, spawnTime, point, weightKg }
CTLD._hoverState = {}       -- [unitName] = { targetCrate=name, startTime=t }
CTLD._unitLast = {}         -- [unitName] = { x, z, t }
CTLD._coachState = {}       -- [unitName] = { lastKeyTimes = {key->time}, lastHint = "", phase = "", lastPhaseMsg = 0, target = crateName, holdStart = nil }
CTLD._msgState = { }        -- messaging throttle state: [scopeKey] = { lastKeyTimes = { key -> time } }
CTLD._buildConfirm = {}     -- [groupName] = time of first build request (awaiting confirmation)
CTLD._buildCooldown = {}    -- [groupName] = time of last successful build
CTLD._NextMarkupId = 10000  -- global-ish id generator shared by instances for map drawings
-- Spatial indexing for hover pickup performance
CTLD._spatialGrid = CTLD._spatialGrid or {}  -- [gridKey] = { crates = {name->meta}, troops = {name->meta} }
CTLD._spatialGridSize = 500  -- meters per grid cell (tunable based on hover pickup distance)
-- Inventory state
CTLD._stockByZone = CTLD._stockByZone or {}   -- [zoneName] = { [crateKey] = count }
CTLD._inStockMenus = CTLD._inStockMenus or {} -- per-group filtered menu handles
CTLD._jtacReservedCodes = CTLD._jtacReservedCodes or {
  [coalition.side.BLUE] = {},
  [coalition.side.RED] = {},
  [coalition.side.NEUTRAL] = {},
}
-- MEDEVAC state
CTLD._medevacCrews = CTLD._medevacCrews or {}     -- [crewGroupName] = { vehicleType, side, spawnTime, position, salvageValue, markerID, originalHeading, requestTime, warningsSent }
CTLD._salvagePoints = CTLD._salvagePoints or {}   -- [coalition.side] = points (global pool)
CTLD._mashZones = CTLD._mashZones or {}           -- [zoneName] = { zone, side, isMobile, unitName (if mobile) }
CTLD._mobileMASHCounter = CTLD._mobileMASHCounter or { [coalition.side.BLUE] = 0, [coalition.side.RED] = 0 }
CTLD._medevacStats = CTLD._medevacStats or {      -- [coalition.side] = { spawned, rescued, delivered, timedOut, killed, salvageEarned, vehiclesRespawned }
  [coalition.side.BLUE] = { spawned = 0, rescued = 0, delivered = 0, timedOut = 0, killed = 0, salvageEarned = 0, vehiclesRespawned = 0, salvageUsed = 0 },
  [coalition.side.RED] = { spawned = 0, rescued = 0, delivered = 0, timedOut = 0, killed = 0, salvageEarned = 0, vehiclesRespawned = 0, salvageUsed = 0 },
}

  -- #endregion State

-- =========================
-- Utilities
-- =========================
  -- #region Utilities

-- Spatial indexing helpers for performance optimization
local function _getSpatialGridKey(x, z)
  local gridSize = CTLD._spatialGridSize or 500
  local gx = math.floor(x / gridSize)
  local gz = math.floor(z / gridSize)
  return string.format("%d_%d", gx, gz)
end

local function _addToSpatialGrid(name, meta, itemType)
  if not meta or not meta.point then return end
  local key = _getSpatialGridKey(meta.point.x, meta.point.z)
  CTLD._spatialGrid[key] = CTLD._spatialGrid[key] or { crates = {}, troops = {} }
  if itemType == 'crate' then
    CTLD._spatialGrid[key].crates[name] = meta
  elseif itemType == 'troops' then
    CTLD._spatialGrid[key].troops[name] = meta
  end
end

local function _removeFromSpatialGrid(name, point, itemType)
  if not point then return end
  local key = _getSpatialGridKey(point.x, point.z)
  local cell = CTLD._spatialGrid[key]
  if cell then
    if itemType == 'crate' then
      cell.crates[name] = nil
    elseif itemType == 'troops' then
      cell.troops[name] = nil
    end
    -- Clean up empty cells
    if not next(cell.crates) and not next(cell.troops) then
      CTLD._spatialGrid[key] = nil
    end
  end
end

local function _getNearbyFromSpatialGrid(x, z, maxDistance)
  local gridSize = CTLD._spatialGridSize or 500
  local cellRadius = math.ceil(maxDistance / gridSize) + 1
  local centerGX = math.floor(x / gridSize)
  local centerGZ = math.floor(z / gridSize)
  
  local nearby = { crates = {}, troops = {} }
  for dx = -cellRadius, cellRadius do
    for dz = -cellRadius, cellRadius do
      local key = string.format("%d_%d", centerGX + dx, centerGZ + dz)
      local cell = CTLD._spatialGrid[key]
      if cell then
        for name, meta in pairs(cell.crates) do
          nearby.crates[name] = meta
        end
        for name, meta in pairs(cell.troops) do
          nearby.troops[name] = meta
        end
      end
    end
  end
  return nearby
end

local function _isIn(list, value)
  for _,v in ipairs(list or {}) do if v == value then return true end end
  return false
end

local function _vec3(x, y, z)
  return { x = x, y = y, z = z }
end

local function _distance3d(a, b)
  if not a or not b then return math.huge end
  local dx = (a.x or 0) - (b.x or 0)
  local dy = (a.y or 0) - (b.y or 0)
  local dz = (a.z or 0) - (b.z or 0)
  return math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy + dz * dz)
end

local function _unitHasAttribute(unit, attr)
  if not unit or not attr then return false end
  local ok, res = pcall(function() return unit:hasAttribute(attr) end)
  return ok and res == true
end

local function _isDcsInfantry(unit)
  if not unit then return false end
  local tn = string.lower(unit:getTypeName() or '')
  if tn:find('infantry') or tn:find('soldier') or tn:find('paratrooper') or tn:find('manpad') then
    return true
  end
  return _unitHasAttribute(unit, 'Infantry')
end

local function _hasLineOfSight(fromPos, toPos)
  if not (fromPos and toPos) then return false end
  local p1 = _vec3(fromPos.x, (fromPos.y or 0) + 2.0, fromPos.z)
  local p2 = _vec3(toPos.x, (toPos.y or 0) + 2.0, toPos.z)
  local ok, visible = pcall(function() return land.isVisible(p1, p2) end)
  return ok and visible == true
end

local function _jtacTargetScore(unit)
  if not unit then return -1 end
  if _unitHasAttribute(unit, 'SAM SR') or _unitHasAttribute(unit, 'SAM TR') or _unitHasAttribute(unit, 'SAM CC') or _unitHasAttribute(unit, 'SAM LN') then
    return 120
  end
  if _unitHasAttribute(unit, 'Air Defence') or _unitHasAttribute(unit, 'AAA') then
    return 100
  end
  if _unitHasAttribute(unit, 'IR Guided SAM') or _unitHasAttribute(unit, 'SAM') then
    return 95
  end
  if _unitHasAttribute(unit, 'Artillery') or _unitHasAttribute(unit, 'MLRS') then
    return 80
  end
  if _unitHasAttribute(unit, 'Armor') or _unitHasAttribute(unit, 'Tanks') then
    return 70
  end
  if _unitHasAttribute(unit, 'APC') or _unitHasAttribute(unit, 'IFV') then
    return 60
  end
  if _isDcsInfantry(unit) then
    return 20
  end
  return 40
end

local function _msgGroup(group, text, t)
  if not group then return end
  MESSAGE:New(text, t or CTLD.Config.MessageDuration):ToGroup(group)
end

local function _msgCoalition(side, text, t)
  MESSAGE:New(text, t or CTLD.Config.MessageDuration):ToCoalition(side)
end

-- =========================
-- Logging Helpers
-- =========================
-- Log levels: 0=NONE, 1=ERROR, 2=INFO, 3=VERBOSE, 4=DEBUG
local LOG_NONE = 0
local LOG_ERROR = 1
local LOG_INFO = 2
local LOG_VERBOSE = 3
local LOG_DEBUG = 4

local _logLevelLabels = {
  [LOG_ERROR] = 'ERROR',
  [LOG_INFO] = 'INFO',
  [LOG_VERBOSE] = 'VERBOSE',
  [LOG_DEBUG] = 'DEBUG',
}

local function _log(level, msg)
  local logLevel = CTLD.Config and CTLD.Config.LogLevel or LOG_INFO
  if level > logLevel or level == LOG_NONE then return end
  local label = _logLevelLabels[level] or tostring(level)
  local text = string.format('[Moose_CTLD][%s] %s', label, tostring(msg))
  if env and env.info then
    env.info(text)
  else
    print(text)
  end
end

local function _logError(msg)   _log(LOG_ERROR, msg) end
local function _logInfo(msg)    _log(LOG_INFO, msg) end
local function _logVerbose(msg) _log(LOG_VERBOSE, msg) end
local function _logDebug(msg)   _log(LOG_DEBUG, msg) end

-- =========================
-- Zone and Unit Utilities
-- =========================

local function _findZone(z)
  if z.name then
    local mz = ZONE:FindByName(z.name)
    if mz then return mz end
  end
  if z.coord then
    local r = z.radius or 150
    -- Create a Vec2 in a way that works even if MOOSE VECTOR2 class isn't available
    local function _mkVec2(x, z)
      if VECTOR2 and VECTOR2.New then return VECTOR2:New(x, z) end
      -- DCS uses Vec2 with fields x and y
      return { x = x, y = z }
    end
    local v = _mkVec2(z.coord.x, z.coord.z)
    return ZONE_RADIUS:New(z.name or ('CTLD_ZONE_'..math.random(10000,99999)), v, r)
  end
  return nil
end

local function _getUnitType(unit)
  local ud = unit and unit:GetDesc() or nil
  return ud and ud.typeName or unit and unit:GetTypeName()
end

-- Get aircraft capacity limits for crates and troops
-- Returns { maxCrates, maxTroops, maxWeightKg } for the given unit
-- Falls back to DefaultCapacity if aircraft type not specifically configured
local function _getAircraftCapacity(unit)
  if not unit then 
    return { 
      maxCrates = CTLD.Config.DefaultCapacity.maxCrates or 4,
      maxTroops = CTLD.Config.DefaultCapacity.maxTroops or 12,
      maxWeightKg = CTLD.Config.DefaultCapacity.maxWeightKg or 2000
    }
  end
  
  local unitType = _getUnitType(unit)
  local capacities = CTLD.Config.AircraftCapacities or {}
  local specific = capacities[unitType]
  
  if specific then
    return {
      maxCrates = specific.maxCrates or 0,
      maxTroops = specific.maxTroops or 0,
      maxWeightKg = specific.maxWeightKg or 0
    }
  end
  
  -- Fallback to defaults
  local defaults = CTLD.Config.DefaultCapacity or {}
  return {
    maxCrates = defaults.maxCrates or 4,
    maxTroops = defaults.maxTroops or 12,
    maxWeightKg = defaults.maxWeightKg or 2000
  }
end

-- Check if a unit is in the air (flying/hovering, not landed)
-- Based on original CTLD logic: uses DCS InAir() API plus velocity threshold
-- Returns: true if airborne, false if landed/grounded
local function _isUnitInAir(unit)
  if not unit then return false end
  
  -- First check: DCS API InAir() - if it says we're on ground, trust it
  if not unit:InAir() then
    return false
  end
  
  -- Second check: velocity threshold (handles edge cases where InAir() is true but we're stationary on ground)
  -- Less than 0.05 m/s (~0.1 knots) = essentially stopped = consider landed
  -- NOTE: AI can hold perfect hover, so only apply this check for player-controlled units
  local vel = unit:GetVelocity()
  if vel and unit:GetPlayerName() then
    local groundSpeed = math.sqrt(vel.x * vel.x + vel.z * vel.z) -- horizontal speed in m/s
    if groundSpeed < 0.05 then
      return false -- stopped on ground
    end
  end
  
  return true -- airborne
end

-- Get ground speed in m/s for a unit
local function _getGroundSpeed(unit)
  if not unit then return 0 end
  local vel = unit:GetVelocity()
  if not vel or not vel.x or not vel.z then return 0 end
  return math.sqrt(vel.x * vel.x + vel.z * vel.z)
end

local function _nearestZonePoint(unit, list)
  if not unit or not unit:IsAlive() then return nil end
  -- Get unit position using DCS API to avoid dependency on MOOSE point methods
  local uname = unit:GetName()
  local du = Unit.getByName and Unit.getByName(uname) or nil
  if not du or not du:getPoint() then return nil end
  local up = du:getPoint()
  local ux, uz = up.x, up.z

  local best, bestd = nil, nil
  for _, z in ipairs(list or {}) do
    local mz = _findZone(z)
    local zx, zz
    if z and z.name and trigger and trigger.misc and trigger.misc.getZone then
      local tz = trigger.misc.getZone(z.name)
      if tz and tz.point then zx, zz = tz.point.x, tz.point.z end
    end
    if (not zx) and mz and mz.GetPointVec3 then
      local zp = mz:GetPointVec3()
      -- Try to read numeric fields directly to avoid method calls
      if zp and type(zp) == 'table' and zp.x and zp.z then zx, zz = zp.x, zp.z end
    end
    if (not zx) and z and z.coord then
      zx, zz = z.coord.x, z.coord.z
    end

    if zx and zz then
      local dx = (zx - ux)
      local dz = (zz - uz)
      local d = math.sqrt(dx*dx + dz*dz)
      if (not bestd) or d < bestd then best, bestd = mz, d end
    end
  end
  if not best then return nil, nil end
  return best, bestd
end

-- Check if a unit is inside a Pickup Zone. Returns (inside:boolean, zone, dist, radius)
function CTLD:_isUnitInsidePickupZone(unit, activeOnly)
  if not unit or not unit:IsAlive() then return false, nil, nil, nil end
  local zone, dist
  if activeOnly then
    zone, dist = self:_nearestActivePickupZone(unit)
  else
    local defs = self.Config and self.Config.Zones and self.Config.Zones.PickupZones or {}
    zone, dist = _nearestZonePoint(unit, defs)
  end
  if not zone or not dist then return false, nil, nil, nil end
  local r = self:_getZoneRadius(zone)
  if not r then return false, zone, dist, nil end
  return dist <= r, zone, dist, r
end

-- Helper: get nearest ACTIVE pickup zone (by configured list), respecting CTLD's active flags
function CTLD:_collectActivePickupDefs()
  local out = {}
  local added = {}  -- Track added zone names to prevent duplicates
  
  -- From config-defined zones
  local defs = (self.Config and self.Config.Zones and self.Config.Zones.PickupZones) or {}
  for _, z in ipairs(defs) do
    local n = z.name
    if (not n) or self._ZoneActive.Pickup[n] ~= false then 
      table.insert(out, z)
      if n then added[n] = true end
    end
  end
  
  -- From MOOSE zone objects if present (skip if already added from config)
  if self.PickupZones and #self.PickupZones > 0 then
    for _, mz in ipairs(self.PickupZones) do
      if mz and mz.GetName then
        local n = mz:GetName()
        if self._ZoneActive.Pickup[n] ~= false and not added[n] then 
          table.insert(out, { name = n })
          added[n] = true
        end
      end
    end
  end
  return out
end

function CTLD:_nearestActivePickupZone(unit)
  return _nearestZonePoint(unit, self:_collectActivePickupDefs())
end

local function _defaultCountryForSide(side)
  if not (country and country.id) then return nil end
  if side == coalition.side.BLUE then
    return country.id.USA or country.id.CJTF_BLUE
  elseif side == coalition.side.RED then
    return country.id.RUSSIA or country.id.CJTF_RED
  elseif side == coalition.side.NEUTRAL then
    return country.id.UN or country.id.CJTF_NEUTRAL or country.id.USA
  end
  return nil
end

local function _coalitionAddGroup(side, category, groupData, ctldConfig)
  -- Enforce side/category in groupData just to be safe
  groupData.category = category
  local countryId = ctldConfig and ctldConfig.CountryId
  if not countryId then
    countryId = _defaultCountryForSide(side)
    if ctldConfig then ctldConfig.CountryId = countryId end
  end
  if countryId then
    groupData.country = countryId
  end
  
  -- Apply air-spawn altitude adjustment for AIRPLANE category if DroneAirSpawn is enabled
  if category == Group.Category.AIRPLANE and ctldConfig and ctldConfig.DroneAirSpawn and ctldConfig.DroneAirSpawn.Enabled then
    if groupData.units and #groupData.units > 0 then
      local altAGL = ctldConfig.DroneAirSpawn.AltitudeMeters or 3048
      local speed = ctldConfig.DroneAirSpawn.SpeedMps or 120
      
      for _, unit in ipairs(groupData.units) do
        -- Get terrain height at spawn location
        local terrainHeight = land.getHeight({x = unit.x, y = unit.y})
        -- Set altitude ASL (Above Sea Level)
        unit.alt = terrainHeight + altAGL
        unit.speed = speed
        -- Ensure unit has appropriate spawn type set
        unit.alt_type = "BARO"  -- Barometric altitude
      end
    end
  end
  
  local addCountry = countryId or side
  return coalition.addGroup(addCountry, category, groupData)
end

local function _spawnStaticCargo(side, point, cargoType, name)
  local static = {
    name = name,
    type = cargoType,
    x = point.x,
    y = point.z,
    heading = 0,
    canCargo = true,
  }
  return coalition.addStaticObject(side, static)
end

local function _vec3FromUnit(unit)
  local p = unit:GetPointVec3()
  return { x = p.x, y = p.y, z = p.z }
end

-- Update DCS internal cargo weight based on loaded crates and troops
-- This affects aircraft performance (hover, fuel consumption, speed, etc.)
local function _updateCargoWeight(group)
  if not group then return end
  local unit = group:GetUnit(1)
  if not unit or not unit:IsAlive() then return end
  
  local gname = group:GetName()
  local totalWeight = 0
  
  -- Add weight from loaded crates
  local crateData = CTLD._loadedCrates[gname]
  if crateData and crateData.totalWeightKg then
    totalWeight = totalWeight + crateData.totalWeightKg
  end
  
  -- Add weight from loaded troops
  local troopData = CTLD._troopsLoaded[gname]
  if troopData and troopData.weightKg then
    totalWeight = totalWeight + troopData.weightKg
  end
  
  -- Call DCS API to set internal cargo weight (affects flight model)
  local unitName = unit:GetName()
  if unitName and trigger and trigger.action and trigger.action.setUnitInternalCargo then
    pcall(function()
      trigger.action.setUnitInternalCargo(unitName, totalWeight)
    end)
  end
end

-- Unique id generator for map markups (lines/circles/text)
local function _nextMarkupId()
  CTLD._NextMarkupId = (CTLD._NextMarkupId or 10000) + 1
  return CTLD._NextMarkupId
end

-- Spawn smoke at a position using MOOSE COORDINATE smoke (better appearance) or trigger smoke (old thick ground smoke)
-- position: {x, y, z} table (Vec3)
-- color: trigger.smokeColor enum value
-- config: reference to a CrateSmoke config table (or nil to use defaults)
-- crateId: optional crate identifier for tracking smoke refresh schedules
local function _spawnCrateSmoke(position, color, config, crateId)
  if not position or not color then return end
  
  -- Parse config with defaults
  local enabled = true
  local autoRefresh = false
  local refreshInterval = 240
  local maxRefreshDuration = 600
  local offsetMeters = 5
  local offsetRandom = true
  local offsetVertical = 2
  
  if config then
    enabled = (config.Enabled ~= false)  -- default true
    autoRefresh = (config.AutoRefresh == true)
    refreshInterval = tonumber(config.RefreshInterval) or 240
    maxRefreshDuration = tonumber(config.MaxRefreshDuration) or 600
    offsetMeters = tonumber(config.OffsetMeters) or 5
    offsetRandom = (config.OffsetRandom ~= false)  -- default true
    offsetVertical = tonumber(config.OffsetVertical) or 2
  end
  
  -- If smoke is disabled, skip entirely
  if not enabled then return end
  
  -- Apply offset to smoke position so helicopters don't hover in the smoke
  local smokePos = { x = position.x, y = position.y, z = position.z }
  if offsetMeters > 0 then
    local angle = 0  -- North by default
    if offsetRandom then
      angle = math.random() * 2 * math.pi  -- Random direction
    end
    smokePos.x = smokePos.x + offsetMeters * math.cos(angle)
    smokePos.z = smokePos.z + offsetMeters * math.sin(angle)
  end
  -- Apply vertical offset (above ground level)
  smokePos.y = smokePos.y + offsetVertical
  
  -- Spawn the smoke using MOOSE COORDINATE (better appearance than trigger.action.smoke)
  local coord = COORDINATE:New(smokePos.x, smokePos.y, smokePos.z)
  if coord and coord.Smoke then
    -- MOOSE smoke method - produces better looking smoke similar to F6 cargo smoke
    if color == trigger.smokeColor.Green then
      coord:SmokeGreen()
    elseif color == trigger.smokeColor.Red then
      coord:SmokeRed()
    elseif color == trigger.smokeColor.White then
      coord:SmokeWhite()
    elseif color == trigger.smokeColor.Orange then
      coord:SmokeOrange()
    elseif color == trigger.smokeColor.Blue then
      coord:SmokeBlue()
    else
      coord:SmokeGreen()  -- default
    end
  else
    -- Fallback to trigger.action.smoke if MOOSE COORDINATE not available
    trigger.action.smoke(smokePos, color)
  end
  
  -- Schedule smoke refresh if enabled
  if autoRefresh and crateId and refreshInterval > 0 and maxRefreshDuration > 0 then

      CTLD._smokeRefreshSchedules = CTLD._smokeRefreshSchedules or {}
      
      -- Clear any existing schedule for this crate
      if CTLD._smokeRefreshSchedules[crateId] then
        timer.removeFunction(CTLD._smokeRefreshSchedules[crateId].funcId)
      end
      
      local startTime = timer.getTime()
      local capturedColor = color  -- Capture variables for the closure
      local capturedOffsetMeters = offsetMeters
      local capturedOffsetRandom = offsetRandom
      local capturedOffsetVertical = offsetVertical
      local function refreshSmoke()
        local elapsed = timer.getTime() - startTime
        if elapsed >= maxRefreshDuration then
          -- Max refresh duration exceeded, stop refreshing (safety limit)
          CTLD._smokeRefreshSchedules[crateId] = nil
          return nil
        end
        
        -- Check if crate still exists
        if not CTLD._crates or not CTLD._crates[crateId] then
          -- Crate was picked up, built, or cleaned up - stop refreshing
          CTLD._smokeRefreshSchedules[crateId] = nil
          return nil
        end
        
        -- Refresh smoke at crate position
        local crateMeta = CTLD._crates[crateId]
        if crateMeta and crateMeta.point then
          local sy = 0
          if land and land.getHeight then
            local ok, h = pcall(land.getHeight, { x = crateMeta.point.x, y = crateMeta.point.z })
            if ok and type(h) == 'number' then sy = h end
          end
          
          -- Apply offset to smoke position
          local refreshSmokePos = { x = crateMeta.point.x, y = sy, z = crateMeta.point.z }
          if capturedOffsetMeters > 0 then
            local angle = 0  -- North by default
            if capturedOffsetRandom then
              angle = math.random() * 2 * math.pi  -- Random direction
            end
            refreshSmokePos.x = refreshSmokePos.x + capturedOffsetMeters * math.cos(angle)
            refreshSmokePos.z = refreshSmokePos.z + capturedOffsetMeters * math.sin(angle)
          end
          -- Apply vertical offset
          refreshSmokePos.y = refreshSmokePos.y + capturedOffsetVertical
          
          local refreshCoord = COORDINATE:New(refreshSmokePos.x, refreshSmokePos.y, refreshSmokePos.z)
          if refreshCoord and refreshCoord.Smoke then
            if capturedColor == trigger.smokeColor.Green then
              refreshCoord:SmokeGreen()
            elseif capturedColor == trigger.smokeColor.Red then
              refreshCoord:SmokeRed()
            elseif capturedColor == trigger.smokeColor.White then
              refreshCoord:SmokeWhite()
            elseif capturedColor == trigger.smokeColor.Orange then
              refreshCoord:SmokeOrange()
            elseif capturedColor == trigger.smokeColor.Blue then
              refreshCoord:SmokeBlue()
            else
              refreshCoord:SmokeGreen()
            end
          else
            trigger.action.smoke(refreshSmokePos, capturedColor)
          end
        end
        
        return timer.getTime() + refreshInterval
      end
      
      local funcId = timer.scheduleFunction(refreshSmoke, nil, timer.getTime() + refreshInterval)
      CTLD._smokeRefreshSchedules[crateId] = { funcId = funcId, startTime = startTime }
  end

end

-- Clean up smoke refresh schedule for a crate
local function _cleanupCrateSmoke(crateId)
  if not crateId then return end
  CTLD._smokeRefreshSchedules = CTLD._smokeRefreshSchedules or {}
  if CTLD._smokeRefreshSchedules[crateId] then
    if CTLD._smokeRefreshSchedules[crateId].funcId then
      timer.removeFunction(CTLD._smokeRefreshSchedules[crateId].funcId)
    end
    CTLD._smokeRefreshSchedules[crateId] = nil
  end
end

-- Spawn smoke for MEDEVAC crews with offset system
-- position: {x, y, z} table
-- smokeColor: trigger.smokeColor enum value
-- config: MEDEVAC config table (for offset settings)
local function _spawnMEDEVACSmoke(position, smokeColor, config)
  if not position or not smokeColor then return end
  
  -- Apply smoke offset system
  local smokePos = { 
    x = position.x, 
    y = land.getHeight({x = position.x, y = position.z}), 
    z = position.z 
  }
  
  local offsetMeters = (config and config.SmokeOffsetMeters) or 5
  local offsetRandom = (not config or config.SmokeOffsetRandom ~= false)  -- default true
  local offsetVertical = (config and config.SmokeOffsetVertical) or 2
  
  if offsetMeters > 0 then
    local angle = 0  -- North by default
    if offsetRandom then
      angle = math.random() * 2 * math.pi  -- Random direction
    end
    smokePos.x = smokePos.x + offsetMeters * math.cos(angle)
    smokePos.z = smokePos.z + offsetMeters * math.sin(angle)
  end
  smokePos.y = smokePos.y + offsetVertical
  
  -- Spawn smoke using MOOSE COORDINATE (better appearance) or fallback to trigger.action.smoke
  local coord = COORDINATE:New(smokePos.x, smokePos.y, smokePos.z)
  if coord and coord.Smoke then
    if smokeColor == trigger.smokeColor.Green then
      coord:SmokeGreen()
    elseif smokeColor == trigger.smokeColor.Red then
      coord:SmokeRed()
    elseif smokeColor == trigger.smokeColor.White then
      coord:SmokeWhite()
    elseif smokeColor == trigger.smokeColor.Orange then
      coord:SmokeOrange()
    elseif smokeColor == trigger.smokeColor.Blue then
      coord:SmokeBlue()
    else
      coord:SmokeRed()  -- default
    end
  else
    trigger.action.smoke(smokePos, smokeColor)
  end
end

-- Resolve a zone's center (vec3) and radius (meters).
-- Accepts a MOOSE ZONE object returned by _findZone/ZONE:FindByName/ZONE_RADIUS:New
function CTLD:_getZoneCenterAndRadius(mz)
  if not mz then return nil, nil end
  local name = mz.GetName and mz:GetName() or nil
  -- Prefer Mission Editor zone data if available
  if name and trigger and trigger.misc and trigger.misc.getZone then
    local z = trigger.misc.getZone(name)
    if z and z.point and z.radius then
      local p = { x = z.point.x, y = z.point.y or 0, z = z.point.z }
      return p, z.radius
    end
  end
  -- Fall back to MOOSE zone center
  local pv = mz.GetPointVec3 and mz:GetPointVec3() or nil
  local p = pv and { x = pv.x, y = pv.y or 0, z = pv.z } or nil
  -- Try to fetch a configured radius from our zone defs
  local r
  if name and self._ZoneDefs then
    local d = self._ZoneDefs.PickupZones and self._ZoneDefs.PickupZones[name]
            or self._ZoneDefs.DropZones and self._ZoneDefs.DropZones[name]
            or self._ZoneDefs.FOBZones and self._ZoneDefs.FOBZones[name]
            or self._ZoneDefs.MASHZones and self._ZoneDefs.MASHZones[name]
    if d and d.radius then r = d.radius end
  end
  r = r or (mz.GetRadius and mz:GetRadius()) or 150
  return p, r
end

-- Draw a circle and label for a zone on the F10 map for this coalition.
-- kind: 'Pickup' | 'Drop' | 'FOB' | 'MASH'
function CTLD:_drawZoneCircleAndLabel(kind, mz, opts)
  if not (trigger and trigger.action and trigger.action.circleToAll and trigger.action.textToAll) then return end
  opts = opts or {}
  local p, r = self:_getZoneCenterAndRadius(mz)
  if not p or not r then return end
  local side = (opts.ForAll and -1) or self.Side
  local outline = opts.OutlineColor or {0,1,0,0.85}
  local fill = opts.FillColor or {0,1,0,0.15}
  local lineType = opts.LineType or 1
  local readOnly = (opts.ReadOnly ~= false)
  local fontSize = opts.FontSize or 18
  local labelPrefix = opts.LabelPrefix or 'Zone'
  local zname = (mz.GetName and mz:GetName()) or '(zone)'
  local circleId = _nextMarkupId()
  local textId = _nextMarkupId()
  trigger.action.circleToAll(side, circleId, p, r, outline, fill, lineType, readOnly, "")
  local label = string.format('%s: %s', labelPrefix, zname)
  -- Place label centered above the circle (12 o'clock). Horizontal nudge via LabelOffsetX.
  -- Simple formula: extra offset from edge = r * ratio + fromEdge
  local extra = (r * (opts.LabelOffsetRatio or 0.0)) + (opts.LabelOffsetFromEdge or 30)
  local nx = p.x + (opts.LabelOffsetX or 0)
  local nz = p.z - (r + (extra or 0))
  local textPos = { x = nx, y = 0, z = nz }
  trigger.action.textToAll(side, textId, textPos, {1,1,1,0.9}, {0,0,0,0}, fontSize, readOnly, label)
  -- Track ids so they can be cleared later
  self._MapMarkup = self._MapMarkup or { Pickup = {}, Drop = {}, FOB = {} }
  self._MapMarkup[kind] = self._MapMarkup[kind] or {}
  self._MapMarkup[kind][zname] = { circle = circleId, text = textId }
end

function CTLD:ClearMapDrawings()
  if not (self._MapMarkup and trigger and trigger.action and trigger.action.removeMark) then return end
  for _, byName in pairs(self._MapMarkup) do
    for _, ids in pairs(byName) do
      if ids.circle then pcall(trigger.action.removeMark, ids.circle) end
      if ids.text then pcall(trigger.action.removeMark, ids.text) end
    end
  end
  self._MapMarkup = { Pickup = {}, Drop = {}, FOB = {}, MASH = {} }
end

function CTLD:_removeZoneDrawing(kind, zname)
  if not (self._MapMarkup and self._MapMarkup[kind] and self._MapMarkup[kind][zname]) then return end
  local ids = self._MapMarkup[kind][zname]
  if ids.circle then pcall(trigger.action.removeMark, ids.circle) end
  if ids.text then pcall(trigger.action.removeMark, ids.text) end
  self._MapMarkup[kind][zname] = nil
end

-- Public: set a specific zone active/inactive by kind and name
function CTLD:SetZoneActive(kind, name, active, silent)
  if not (kind and name) then return end
  local k = (kind == 'Pickup' or kind == 'Drop' or kind == 'FOB' or kind == 'MASH') and kind or nil
  if not k then return end
  self._ZoneActive = self._ZoneActive or { Pickup = {}, Drop = {}, FOB = {}, MASH = {} }
  self._ZoneActive[k][name] = (active ~= false)
  -- Update drawings for this one zone only
  if self.Config.MapDraw and self.Config.MapDraw.Enabled then
    -- Find the MOOSE zone object by name
    local list = (k=='Pickup' and self.PickupZones) or (k=='Drop' and self.DropZones) or (k=='FOB' and self.FOBZones) or (k=='MASH' and self.MASHZones) or {}
    local mz
    for _,z in ipairs(list or {}) do if z and z.GetName and z:GetName() == name then mz = z break end end
    if self._ZoneActive[k][name] then
      if mz then
        local md = self.Config.MapDraw
        local opts = {
          OutlineColor = md.OutlineColor,
          FillColor = (md.FillColors and md.FillColors[k]) or nil,
          LineType = (md.LineTypes and md.LineTypes[k]) or md.LineType or 1,
          FontSize = md.FontSize,
          ReadOnly = (md.ReadOnly ~= false),
          LabelOffsetX = md.LabelOffsetX,
          LabelOffsetFromEdge = md.LabelOffsetFromEdge,
          LabelOffsetRatio = md.LabelOffsetRatio,
          LabelPrefix = ((md.LabelPrefixes and md.LabelPrefixes[k])
                        or (k=='Pickup' and md.LabelPrefix)
                        or (k..' Zone'))
        }
        self:_drawZoneCircleAndLabel(k, mz, opts)
      end
    else
      self:_removeZoneDrawing(k, name)
    end
  end
  -- Optional messaging
  local stateStr = self._ZoneActive[k][name] and 'ACTIVATED' or 'DEACTIVATED'
  _logVerbose(string.format('Zone %s %s (%s)', tostring(name), stateStr, k))
  if not silent then
    local msgKey = self._ZoneActive[k][name] and 'zone_activated' or 'zone_deactivated'
    _eventSend(self, nil, self.Side, msgKey, { kind = k, zone = name })
  end
end

function CTLD:DrawZonesOnMap()
  local md = self.Config and self.Config.MapDraw or {}
  if not md.Enabled then return end
  -- Clear previous drawings before re-drawing
  self:ClearMapDrawings()
  local opts = {
    OutlineColor = md.OutlineColor,
    LineType = md.LineType,
    FontSize = md.FontSize,
    ReadOnly = (md.ReadOnly ~= false),
    LabelPrefix = md.LabelPrefix or 'Zone',
    LabelOffsetX = md.LabelOffsetX,
    LabelOffsetFromEdge = md.LabelOffsetFromEdge,
    LabelOffsetRatio = md.LabelOffsetRatio,
    ForAll = (md.ForAll == true),
  }
  if md.DrawPickupZones then
    for _,mz in ipairs(self.PickupZones or {}) do
      local name = mz:GetName()
      if self._ZoneActive.Pickup[name] ~= false then
      opts.LabelPrefix = (md.LabelPrefixes and md.LabelPrefixes.Pickup) or md.LabelPrefix or 'Pickup Zone'
      opts.LineType = (md.LineTypes and md.LineTypes.Pickup) or md.LineType or 1
  opts.FillColor = (md.FillColors and md.FillColors.Pickup) or nil
      self:_drawZoneCircleAndLabel('Pickup', mz, opts)
      end
    end
  end
  if md.DrawDropZones then
    for _,mz in ipairs(self.DropZones or {}) do
      local name = mz:GetName()
      if self._ZoneActive.Drop[name] ~= false then
      opts.LabelPrefix = (md.LabelPrefixes and md.LabelPrefixes.Drop) or 'Drop Zone'
      opts.LineType = (md.LineTypes and md.LineTypes.Drop) or md.LineType or 1
  opts.FillColor = (md.FillColors and md.FillColors.Drop) or nil
      self:_drawZoneCircleAndLabel('Drop', mz, opts)
      end
    end
  end
  if md.DrawFOBZones then
    for _,mz in ipairs(self.FOBZones or {}) do
      local name = mz:GetName()
      if self._ZoneActive.FOB[name] ~= false then
      opts.LabelPrefix = (md.LabelPrefixes and md.LabelPrefixes.FOB) or 'FOB Zone'
      opts.LineType = (md.LineTypes and md.LineTypes.FOB) or md.LineType or 1
  opts.FillColor = (md.FillColors and md.FillColors.FOB) or nil
      self:_drawZoneCircleAndLabel('FOB', mz, opts)
      end
    end
  end
  if md.DrawMASHZones then
    for _,mz in ipairs(self.MASHZones or {}) do
      local name = mz:GetName()
      if self._ZoneActive.MASH[name] ~= false then
      opts.LabelPrefix = (md.LabelPrefixes and md.LabelPrefixes.MASH) or 'MASH'
      opts.LineType = (md.LineTypes and md.LineTypes.MASH) or md.LineType or 1
  opts.FillColor = (md.FillColors and md.FillColors.MASH) or nil
      self:_drawZoneCircleAndLabel('MASH', mz, opts)
      end
    end
  end
end

-- Unit preference detection and unit-aware formatting
local function _getPlayerIsMetric(unit)
  local ok, isMetric = pcall(function()
    local pname = unit and unit.GetPlayerName and unit:GetPlayerName() or nil
    if pname and type(SETTINGS) == 'table' and SETTINGS.Set then
      local ps = SETTINGS:Set(pname)
      if ps and ps.IsMetric then return ps:IsMetric() end
    end
    if _SETTINGS and _SETTINGS.IsMetric then return _SETTINGS:IsMetric() end
    return true
  end)
  return (ok and isMetric) and true or false
end

local function _round(n, prec)
  local m = 10^(prec or 0)
  return math.floor(n * m + 0.5) / m
end

local function _fmtDistance(meters, isMetric)
  if isMetric then
    local v = math.max(0, _round(meters, 0))
    return v, 'm'
  else
    local ft = meters * 3.28084
    -- snap to 5 ft increments for readability
    ft = math.max(0, math.floor((ft + 2.5) / 5) * 5)
    return ft, 'ft'
  end
end

local function _fmtRange(meters, isMetric)
  if isMetric then
    local v = math.max(0, _round(meters, 0))
    return v, 'm'
  else
    local nm = meters / 1852
    return _round(nm, 1), 'NM'
  end
end

local function _fmtSpeed(mps, isMetric)
  if isMetric then
    return _round(mps, 1), 'm/s'
  else
    local fps = mps * 3.28084
    return math.max(0, math.floor(fps + 0.5)), 'ft/s'
  end
end

local function _fmtAGL(meters, isMetric)
  return _fmtDistance(meters, isMetric)
end

local function _fmtTemplate(tpl, data)
  if not tpl or tpl == '' then return '' end
  -- Support placeholder keys with underscores (e.g., {zone_dist_u})
  return (tpl:gsub('{([%w_]+)}', function(k)
    local v = data and data[k]
    -- If value is missing, leave placeholder intact to aid debugging
    if v == nil then return '{'..k..'}' end
    return tostring(v)
  end))
end

-- Coalition utility: return opposite side (BLUE<->RED); NEUTRAL returns RED by default
local function _enemySide(side)
  if coalition and coalition.side then
    if side == coalition.side.BLUE then return coalition.side.RED end
    if side == coalition.side.RED then return coalition.side.BLUE end
  end
  return coalition.side.RED
end

-- Find nearest enemy-held base within radius; returns {point=vec3, name=string, dist=meters}
function CTLD:_findNearestEnemyBase(point, radius)
  local enemy = _enemySide(self.Side)
  local ok, bases = pcall(function()
    if coalition and coalition.getAirbases then return coalition.getAirbases(enemy) end
    return {}
  end)
  if not ok or not bases then return nil end
  local best
  for _,ab in ipairs(bases) do
    local p = ab:getPoint()
    local dx = (p.x - point.x); local dz = (p.z - point.z)
    local d = math.sqrt(dx*dx + dz*dz)
    if d <= radius and ((not best) or d < best.dist) then
      best = { point = { x = p.x, z = p.z }, name = ab:getName() or 'Base', dist = d }
    end
  end
  return best
end

-- Find nearest enemy ground group centroid within radius; returns {point=vec3, group=GROUP|nil, dcsGroupName=string, dist=meters, type=string}
function CTLD:_findNearestEnemyGround(point, radius)
  local enemy = _enemySide(self.Side)
  local best
  -- Use MOOSE SET_GROUP to enumerate enemy ground groups
  local set = SET_GROUP:New():FilterCoalitions(enemy):FilterCategories(Group.Category.GROUND):FilterActive(true):FilterStart()
  set:ForEachGroup(function(g)
    local alive = g:IsAlive()
    if alive then
      local c = g:GetCoordinate()
      if c then
        local v3 = c:GetVec3()
        local dx = (v3.x - point.x); local dz = (v3.z - point.z)
        local d = math.sqrt(dx*dx + dz*dz)
        if d <= radius and ((not best) or d < best.dist) then
          -- Try to infer a type label from first unit
          local ut = 'unit'
          local u1 = g:GetUnit(1)
          if u1 then ut = _getUnitType(u1) or ut end
          best = { point = { x = v3.x, z = v3.z }, group = g, dcsGroupName = g:GetName(), dist = d, type = ut }
        end
      end
    end
  end)
  return best
end

-- Order a ground group by name to move toward target point at a given speed (km/h). Uses MOOSE route when available.
function CTLD:_orderGroundGroupToPointByName(groupName, targetPoint, speedKmh)
  if not groupName or not targetPoint then return end
  local mg
  local ok = pcall(function() mg = GROUP:FindByName(groupName) end)
  if ok and mg then
    local vec2 = (VECTOR2 and VECTOR2.New) and VECTOR2:New(targetPoint.x, targetPoint.z) or { x = targetPoint.x, y = targetPoint.z }
    -- RouteGroundTo(speed km/h). Use pcall to avoid mission halt if API differs.
    local _, _ = pcall(function() mg:RouteGroundTo(vec2, speedKmh or 25) end)
    return
  end
  -- Fallback: DCS Group controller simple mission to single waypoint
  local dg = Group.getByName(groupName)
  if not dg then return end
  local ctrl = dg:getController()
  if not ctrl then return end
  -- Try to set a simple go-to task
  local task = {
    id = 'Mission',
    params = {
      route = {
        points = {
          {
            x = targetPoint.x, y = targetPoint.z, speed = 5, action = 'Off Road', task = {}, type = 'Turning Point', ETA = 0, ETA_locked = false,
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
  pcall(function() ctrl:setTask(task) end)
end

-- Assign attack behavior to a newly spawned ground group by name
function CTLD:_assignAttackBehavior(groupName, originPoint, isVehicle)
  if not (self.Config.AttackAI and self.Config.AttackAI.Enabled) then return end
  local radius = isVehicle and (self.Config.AttackAI.VehicleSearchRadius or 5000) or (self.Config.AttackAI.TroopSearchRadius or 3000)
  local prioBase = (self.Config.AttackAI.PrioritizeEnemyBases ~= false)
  local speed = isVehicle and (self.Config.AttackAI.VehicleAdvanceSpeedKmh or 35) or (self.Config.AttackAI.TroopAdvanceSpeedKmh or 20)
  local player = 'Player'
  -- Try to infer last requesting player from crate/troop context is complex; caller should pass announcements separately when needed.
  -- Target selection
  local target
  local pickedBase
  if prioBase then
    local base = self:_findNearestEnemyBase(originPoint, radius)
    if base then target = { point = base.point, name = base.name, kind = 'base', dist = base.dist } pickedBase = base end
  end
  if not target then
    local eg = self:_findNearestEnemyGround(originPoint, radius)
    if eg then target = { point = eg.point, name = eg.dcsGroupName, kind = 'enemy', dist = eg.dist, etype = eg.type } end
  end
  -- Order movement if we have a target
  if target then
    self:_orderGroundGroupToPointByName(groupName, target.point, speed)
  end
  return target -- caller will handle announcement
end

local function _bearingDeg(from, to)
  local dx = (to.x - from.x)
  local dz = (to.z - from.z)
  local ang = math.deg(math.atan2(dx, dz)) -- 0=N, +CW
  if ang < 0 then ang = ang + 360 end
  return math.floor(ang + 0.5)
end

-- Normalize MOOSE/DCS heading to both radians and degrees consistently.
-- Some environments may yield degrees; others radians. This returns (rad, deg).
local function _headingRadDeg(unit)
  local h = (unit and unit.GetHeading and unit:GetHeading()) or 0
  local hrad, hdeg
  if h and h > (2*math.pi + 0.1) then
    -- Looks like degrees
    hdeg = h % 360
    hrad = math.rad(hdeg)
  else
    -- Radians (normalize into [0, 2pi))
    hrad = (h or 0) % (2*math.pi)
    hdeg = math.deg(hrad)
  end
  return hrad, hdeg
end

local function _projectToBodyFrame(dx, dz, hdg)
  -- world (east=X=dx, north=Z=dz) to body frame (fwd/right)
  local fwd = dx * math.sin(hdg) + dz * math.cos(hdg)
  local right = dx * math.cos(hdg) - dz * math.sin(hdg)
  return right, fwd
end

local function _playerNameFromGroup(group)
  if not group then return 'Player' end
  local unit = group:GetUnit(1)
  local pname = unit and unit.GetPlayerName and unit:GetPlayerName()
  if pname and pname ~= '' then return pname end
  return group:GetName() or 'Player'
end

local function _coachSend(self, group, unitName, key, data, isCoach)
  local cfg = CTLD.HoverCoachConfig or {}
  local now = timer.getTime()
  CTLD._coachState[unitName] = CTLD._coachState[unitName] or { lastKeyTimes = {} }
  local st = CTLD._coachState[unitName]
  local last = st.lastKeyTimes[key] or 0
  local minGap = isCoach and ((cfg.throttle and cfg.throttle.coachUpdate) or 1.5) or ((cfg.throttle and cfg.throttle.generic) or 3.0)
  local repeatGap = (cfg.throttle and cfg.throttle.repeatSame) or (minGap * 2)
  if last > 0 and (now - last) < minGap then return end
  -- prevent repeat spam of identical key too fast (only after first send)
  if last > 0 and (now - last) < repeatGap then return end
  local tpl = CTLD.Messages and CTLD.Messages[key]
  if not tpl then return end
  local text = _fmtTemplate(tpl, data)
  if text and text ~= '' then
    _msgGroup(group, text)
    st.lastKeyTimes[key] = now
  end
end

local function _eventSend(self, group, side, key, data)
  local tpl = CTLD.Messages and CTLD.Messages[key]
  if not tpl then return end
  local now = timer.getTime()
  local scopeKey
  if group then scopeKey = 'GRP:'..group:GetName() else scopeKey = 'COAL:'..tostring(side or self.Side) end
  CTLD._msgState[scopeKey] = CTLD._msgState[scopeKey] or { lastKeyTimes = {} }
  local st = CTLD._msgState[scopeKey]
  local last = st.lastKeyTimes[key] or 0
  local cfg = CTLD.HoverCoachConfig
  local minGap = (cfg and cfg.throttle and cfg.throttle.generic) or 3.0
  local repeatGap = (cfg and cfg.throttle and cfg.throttle.repeatSame) or (minGap * 2)
  if last > 0 and (now - last) < minGap then return end
  if last > 0 and (now - last) < repeatGap then return end

  local text = _fmtTemplate(tpl, data)
  if not text or text == '' then return end
  if group then _msgGroup(group, text) else _msgCoalition(side or self.Side, text) end
  st.lastKeyTimes[key] = now
end

-- Format helpers for menu labels and recipe info
function CTLD:_recipeTotalCrates(def)
  if not def then return 1 end
  if type(def.requires) == 'table' then
    local n = 0
    for _,qty in pairs(def.requires) do n = n + (qty or 0) end
    return math.max(1, n)
  end
  return math.max(1, def.required or 1)
end

function CTLD:_friendlyNameForKey(key)
  local d = self.Config and self.Config.CrateCatalog and self.Config.CrateCatalog[key]
  if not d then return tostring(key) end
  return (d.menu or d.description or key)
end

function CTLD:_formatMenuLabelWithCrates(key, def)
  local base = (def and (def.menu or def.description)) or key
  local total = self:_recipeTotalCrates(def)
  local suffix = (total == 1) and '1 crate' or (tostring(total)..' crates')
  -- Optionally append stock for UX; uses nearest pickup zone dynamically
  if self.Config.Inventory and self.Config.Inventory.ShowStockInMenu then
    local group = nil
    -- Try to find any active group menu owner to infer nearest zone; if none, skip hint
    for gname,_ in pairs(self.MenusByGroup or {}) do group = GROUP:FindByName(gname); if group then break end end
    if group and group:IsAlive() then
      local unit = group:GetUnit(1)
      if unit and unit:IsAlive() then
        local zone, dist = _nearestZonePoint(unit, self.Config.Zones and self.Config.Zones.PickupZones or {})
        if zone and dist and dist <= (self.Config.PickupZoneMaxDistance or 10000) then
          local zname = zone:GetName()
          -- For composite recipes, show bundle availability based on component stock; otherwise show per-key stock
          if def and type(def.requires) == 'table' then
            local stockTbl = CTLD._stockByZone[zname] or {}
            local bundles = math.huge
            for reqKey, qty in pairs(def.requires) do
              local have = tonumber(stockTbl[reqKey] or 0) or 0
              local need = tonumber(qty or 0) or 0
              if need > 0 then bundles = math.min(bundles, math.floor(have / need)) end
            end
            if bundles == math.huge then bundles = 0 end
            return string.format('%s (%s) [%s: %d bundle%s]', base, suffix, zname, bundles, (bundles==1 and '' or 's'))
          else
            local stock = (CTLD._stockByZone[zname] and CTLD._stockByZone[zname][key]) or 0
            return string.format('%s (%s) [%s: %d]', base, suffix, zname, stock)
          end
        end
      end
    end
  end
  return string.format('%s (%s)', base, suffix)
end

function CTLD:_formatRecipeInfo(key, def)
  local lines = {}
  local title = self:_friendlyNameForKey(key)
  table.insert(lines, string.format('%s', title))
  if def and def.isFOB then table.insert(lines, '(FOB recipe)') end
  if def and type(def.requires) == 'table' then
    local total = self:_recipeTotalCrates(def)
    table.insert(lines, string.format('Requires: %d crate(s) total', total))
    table.insert(lines, 'Breakdown:')
    -- stable order
    local items = {}
    for k,qty in pairs(def.requires) do table.insert(items, {k=k, q=qty}) end
    table.sort(items, function(a,b) return tostring(a.k) < tostring(b.k) end)
    for _,it in ipairs(items) do
      local fname = self:_friendlyNameForKey(it.k)
      table.insert(lines, string.format('- %dx %s', it.q or 1, fname))
    end
  else
    local n = self:_recipeTotalCrates(def)
    table.insert(lines, string.format('Requires: %d crate(s)', n))
  end
  if def and def.dcsCargoType then
    table.insert(lines, string.format('Cargo type: %s', tostring(def.dcsCargoType)))
  end
  return table.concat(lines, '\n')
end

-- Determine an approximate radius for a ZONE. Tries MOOSE radius, then trigger zone radius, then configured radius.
function CTLD:_getZoneRadius(zone)
  if zone and zone.Radius then return zone.Radius end
  local name = zone and zone.GetName and zone:GetName() or nil
  if name and trigger and trigger.misc and trigger.misc.getZone then
    local z = trigger.misc.getZone(name)
    if z and z.radius then return z.radius end
  end
  if name and self._ZoneDefs and self._ZoneDefs.FOBZones and self._ZoneDefs.FOBZones[name] then
    local d = self._ZoneDefs.FOBZones[name]
    if d and d.radius then return d.radius end
  end
  return 150
end

-- Check if a 2D point (x,z) lies within any FOB zone; returns (bool, zone)
function CTLD:IsPointInFOBZones(point)
  for _,z in ipairs(self.FOBZones or {}) do
    local pz = z:GetPointVec3()
    local r = self:_getZoneRadius(z)
    local dx = (pz.x - point.x)
    local dz = (pz.z - point.z)
    if (dx*dx + dz*dz) <= (r*r) then return true, z end
  end
  return false, nil
end

-- #endregion Utilities

-- =========================
-- Construction
-- =========================
-- #region Construction
function CTLD:New(cfg)
  local o = setmetatable({}, self)
  o.Config = DeepCopy(CTLD.Config)
  if cfg then o.Config = DeepMerge(o.Config, cfg) end
  
  -- Debug: check if MASH zones survived the merge
  _logDebug('After config merge:')
  _logDebug('  o.Config.Zones exists: '..tostring(o.Config.Zones ~= nil))
  if o.Config.Zones then
    _logDebug('  o.Config.Zones.MASHZones exists: '..tostring(o.Config.Zones.MASHZones ~= nil))
    if o.Config.Zones.MASHZones then
      _logDebug('  o.Config.Zones.MASHZones count: '..tostring(#o.Config.Zones.MASHZones))
    end
  end
  
  o.Side = o.Config.CoalitionSide
  o.CountryId = o.Config.CountryId or _defaultCountryForSide(o.Side)
  o.Config.CountryId = o.CountryId
  o.MenuRoots = {}
  o.MenusByGroup = {}
  o._jtacRegistry = {}

  -- If caller disabled builtin catalog, clear it before merging any globals
  if o.Config.UseBuiltinCatalog == false then
    o.Config.CrateCatalog = {}
  end

  -- If a global catalog was loaded earlier (via DO SCRIPT FILE), merge it automatically
  -- Supported globals: _CTLD_EXTRACTED_CATALOG (our extractor), CTLD_CATALOG, MOOSE_CTLD_CATALOG
  do
    local globalsToCheck = { '_CTLD_EXTRACTED_CATALOG', 'CTLD_CATALOG', 'MOOSE_CTLD_CATALOG' }
    for _,gn in ipairs(globalsToCheck) do
      local t = rawget(_G, gn)
      if type(t) == 'table' then
        o:MergeCatalog(t)
        _logInfo('Merged crate catalog from global '..gn)
      end
    end
  end
  
  -- Load troop types from catalog if available
  do
    local troopTypes = rawget(_G, '_CTLD_TROOP_TYPES')
    if type(troopTypes) == 'table' and next(troopTypes) then
      o.Config.Troops.TroopTypes = troopTypes
      _logInfo('Loaded troop types from _CTLD_TROOP_TYPES')
    else
      -- Fallback: catalog not loaded, warn user and provide minimal defaults
      _logError('WARNING: _CTLD_TROOP_TYPES not found. Catalog may not be loaded. Using minimal troop fallbacks.')
      _logError('Please ensure catalog file is loaded via DO SCRIPT FILE *before* creating CTLD instances.')
      -- Minimal fallback troop types to prevent spawning wrong units
      o.Config.Troops.TroopTypes = {
        AS = { label = 'Assault Squad', size = 8, unitsBlue = { 'Soldier M4' }, unitsRed = { 'Infantry AK' }, units = { 'Infantry AK' } },
        AA = { label = 'MANPADS Team', size = 4, unitsBlue = { 'Soldier stinger' }, unitsRed = { 'SA-18 Igla-S manpad' }, units = { 'Infantry AK' } },
        AT = { label = 'AT Team', size = 4, unitsBlue = { 'Soldier M136' }, unitsRed = { 'Soldier RPG' }, units = { 'Infantry AK' } },
        AR = { label = 'Mortar Team', size = 4, unitsBlue = { 'Mortar M252' }, unitsRed = { '2B11 mortar' }, units = { 'Infantry AK' } },
      }
    end
  end
  
  o:InitZones()
  -- Validate configured zones and warn if missing
  o:ValidateZones()
  -- Optional: draw configured zones on the F10 map
  if o.Config.MapDraw and o.Config.MapDraw.Enabled then
    -- Defer a tiny bit to ensure mission environment is fully up
    timer.scheduleFunction(function()
      pcall(function() o:DrawZonesOnMap() end)
    end, {}, timer.getTime() + 1)
  end
  -- Optional: bind zone activation to mission flags (merge from config table and per-zone flag fields)
  do
    local merged = {}
    -- Collect from explicit bindings (backward compatible)
    if o.Config.ZoneEventBindings then
      for _,b in ipairs(o.Config.ZoneEventBindings) do table.insert(merged, b) end
    end
    -- Collect from per-zone entries (preferred)
    local function pushFromZones(kind, list)
      for _,z in ipairs(list or {}) do
        if z and z.name and z.flag then
          table.insert(merged, { kind = kind, name = z.name, flag = z.flag, activeWhen = z.activeWhen or 1 })
        end
      end
    end
    pushFromZones('Pickup', o.Config.Zones and o.Config.Zones.PickupZones)
    pushFromZones('Drop',   o.Config.Zones and o.Config.Zones.DropZones)
    pushFromZones('FOB',    o.Config.Zones and o.Config.Zones.FOBZones)
    pushFromZones('MASH',   o.Config.Zones and o.Config.Zones.MASHZones)

    o._BindingsMerged = merged
    if o._BindingsMerged and #o._BindingsMerged > 0 then
      o._ZoneFlagState = {}
      o._ZoneFlagsPrimed = false
      o.ZoneFlagSched = SCHEDULER:New(nil, function()
        if not o._ZoneFlagsPrimed then
          -- Prime states on first run without spamming messages
          for _,b in ipairs(o._BindingsMerged) do
            if b and b.flag and b.kind and b.name then
              local val = (trigger and trigger.misc and trigger.misc.getUserFlag) and trigger.misc.getUserFlag(b.flag) or 0
              local activeWhen = (b.activeWhen ~= nil) and b.activeWhen or 1
              local shouldBeActive = (val == activeWhen)
              local key = tostring(b.kind)..'|'..tostring(b.name)
              o._ZoneFlagState[key] = shouldBeActive
              o:SetZoneActive(b.kind, b.name, shouldBeActive, true)
            end
          end
          o._ZoneFlagsPrimed = true
          return
        end
        -- Subsequent runs: announce changes
        for _,b in ipairs(o._BindingsMerged) do
          if b and b.flag and b.kind and b.name then
            local val = (trigger and trigger.misc and trigger.misc.getUserFlag) and trigger.misc.getUserFlag(b.flag) or 0
            local activeWhen = (b.activeWhen ~= nil) and b.activeWhen or 1
            local shouldBeActive = (val == activeWhen)
            local key = tostring(b.kind)..'|'..tostring(b.name)
            if o._ZoneFlagState[key] ~= shouldBeActive then
              o._ZoneFlagState[key] = shouldBeActive
              o:SetZoneActive(b.kind, b.name, shouldBeActive, false)
            end
          end
        end
      end, {}, 1, 1)
    end
  end
  o:InitMenus()

  -- Initialize inventory for configured pickup zones (seed from catalog initialStock)
  if o.Config.Inventory and o.Config.Inventory.Enabled then
    pcall(function() o:InitInventory() end)
  end
  
  -- Initialize MEDEVAC system
  if CTLD.MEDEVAC and CTLD.MEDEVAC.Enabled then
    pcall(function() o:InitMEDEVAC() end)
  end

  -- Periodic cleanup for crates
  o.Sched = SCHEDULER:New(nil, function()
    o:CleanupCrates()
  end, {}, 60, 60)

  -- Periodic cleanup for deployed troops (remove dead/missing groups)
  o.TroopCleanupSched = SCHEDULER:New(nil, function()
    o:CleanupDeployedTroops()
  end, {}, 30, 30)

  -- Optional: auto-build FOBs inside FOB zones when crates present
  if o.Config.AutoBuildFOBInZones then
    o.AutoFOBSched = SCHEDULER:New(nil, function()
      o:AutoBuildFOBCheck()
    end, {}, 10, 10) -- check every 10 seconds
  end

  -- Optional: hover pickup scanner
  local coachCfg = CTLD.HoverCoachConfig or {}
  if coachCfg.enabled then
    o.HoverSched = SCHEDULER:New(nil, function()
      o:ScanHoverPickup()
    end, {}, 0.5, 0.5)
  end

  -- MEDEVAC auto-pickup and auto-unload scheduler
  if CTLD.MEDEVAC and CTLD.MEDEVAC.Enabled then
    local checkInterval = (CTLD.MEDEVAC.AutoPickup and CTLD.MEDEVAC.AutoPickup.CheckInterval) or 3
    o.MEDEVACSched = SCHEDULER:New(nil, function()
      o:ScanMEDEVACAutoActions()
    end, {}, checkInterval, checkInterval)
  end

  if o.Config.JTAC and o.Config.JTAC.Enabled then
    local jtacInterval = 5
    if o.Config.JTAC.AutoLase then
      local refresh = tonumber(o.Config.JTAC.AutoLase.RefreshSeconds) or 15
      local idle = tonumber(o.Config.JTAC.AutoLase.IdleRescanSeconds) or 30
      jtacInterval = math.max(2, math.min(refresh, idle, 10))
    end
    o.JTACSched = SCHEDULER:New(nil, function()
      o:_tickJTACs()
    end, {}, jtacInterval, jtacInterval)
  end

  table.insert(CTLD._instances, o)
  _msgCoalition(o.Side, string.format('CTLD %s initialized for coalition', CTLD.Version))
  return o
end

function CTLD:InitZones()
  self.PickupZones = {}
  self.DropZones = {}
  self.FOBZones = {}
  self.MASHZones = {}
  self._ZoneDefs = { PickupZones = {}, DropZones = {}, FOBZones = {}, MASHZones = {} }
  self._ZoneActive = { Pickup = {}, Drop = {}, FOB = {}, MASH = {} }
  for _,z in ipairs(self.Config.Zones.PickupZones or {}) do
    local mz = _findZone(z)
    if mz then
      table.insert(self.PickupZones, mz)
      local name = mz:GetName()
      self._ZoneDefs.PickupZones[name] = z
      if self._ZoneActive.Pickup[name] == nil then self._ZoneActive.Pickup[name] = (z.active ~= false) end
    end
  end
  for _,z in ipairs(self.Config.Zones.DropZones or {}) do
    local mz = _findZone(z)
    if mz then
      table.insert(self.DropZones, mz)
      local name = mz:GetName()
      self._ZoneDefs.DropZones[name] = z
      if self._ZoneActive.Drop[name] == nil then self._ZoneActive.Drop[name] = (z.active ~= false) end
    end
  end
  for _,z in ipairs(self.Config.Zones.FOBZones or {}) do
    local mz = _findZone(z)
    if mz then
      table.insert(self.FOBZones, mz)
      local name = mz:GetName()
      self._ZoneDefs.FOBZones[name] = z
      if self._ZoneActive.FOB[name] == nil then self._ZoneActive.FOB[name] = (z.active ~= false) end
    end
  end
  for _,z in ipairs(self.Config.Zones.MASHZones or {}) do
    local mz = _findZone(z)
    if mz then
      table.insert(self.MASHZones, mz)
      local name = mz:GetName()
      self._ZoneDefs.MASHZones[name] = z
      if self._ZoneActive.MASH[name] == nil then self._ZoneActive.MASH[name] = (z.active ~= false) end
    end
  end
end

-- Validate configured zone names exist in the mission; warn coalition if any are missing.
function CTLD:ValidateZones()
  local function zoneExistsByName(name)
    if not name or name == '' then return false end
    if trigger and trigger.misc and trigger.misc.getZone then
      local z = trigger.misc.getZone(name)
      if z then return true end
    end
    if ZONE and ZONE.FindByName then
      local mz = ZONE:FindByName(name)
      if mz then return true end
    end
    return false
  end

  local function sideToStr(s)
    if coalition and coalition.side then
      if s == coalition.side.BLUE then return 'BLUE' end
      if s == coalition.side.RED then return 'RED' end
      if s == coalition.side.NEUTRAL then return 'NEUTRAL' end
    end
    return tostring(s)
  end

  local function join(t)
    local s = ''
    for i,name in ipairs(t) do s = s .. (i>1 and ', ' or '') .. tostring(name) end
    return s
  end

  local missing = { Pickup = {}, Drop = {}, FOB = {}, MASH = {} }
  local found =   { Pickup = {}, Drop = {}, FOB = {}, MASH = {} }
  local coords =  { Pickup = 0, Drop = 0, FOB = 0, MASH = 0 }

  for _,z in ipairs(self.Config.Zones.PickupZones or {}) do
    if z.name then
      if zoneExistsByName(z.name) then table.insert(found.Pickup, z.name) else table.insert(missing.Pickup, z.name) end
    elseif z.coord then
      coords.Pickup = coords.Pickup + 1
    end
  end
  for _,z in ipairs(self.Config.Zones.DropZones or {}) do
    if z.name then
      if zoneExistsByName(z.name) then table.insert(found.Drop, z.name) else table.insert(missing.Drop, z.name) end
    elseif z.coord then
      coords.Drop = coords.Drop + 1
    end
  end
  for _,z in ipairs(self.Config.Zones.FOBZones or {}) do
    if z.name then
      if zoneExistsByName(z.name) then table.insert(found.FOB, z.name) else table.insert(missing.FOB, z.name) end
    elseif z.coord then
      coords.FOB = coords.FOB + 1
    end
  end
  for _,z in ipairs(self.Config.Zones.MASHZones or {}) do
    if z.name then
      if zoneExistsByName(z.name) then table.insert(found.MASH, z.name) else table.insert(missing.MASH, z.name) end
    elseif z.coord then
      coords.MASH = coords.MASH + 1
    end
  end

  -- Log a concise summary to dcs.log
  local sideStr = sideToStr(self.Side)
  _logVerbose(string.format('[ZoneValidation][%s] Pickup: configured=%d (named=%d, coord=%d) found=%d missing=%d',
    sideStr,
    #(self.Config.Zones.PickupZones or {}), #found.Pickup + #missing.Pickup, coords.Pickup, #found.Pickup, #missing.Pickup))
  _logVerbose(string.format('[ZoneValidation][%s] Drop  : configured=%d (named=%d, coord=%d) found=%d missing=%d',
    sideStr,
    #(self.Config.Zones.DropZones or {}),   #found.Drop + #missing.Drop,   coords.Drop,   #found.Drop,   #missing.Drop))
  _logVerbose(string.format('[ZoneValidation][%s] FOB   : configured=%d (named=%d, coord=%d) found=%d missing=%d',
    sideStr,
    #(self.Config.Zones.FOBZones or {}),    #found.FOB + #missing.FOB,     coords.FOB,    #found.FOB,    #missing.FOB))
  _logVerbose(string.format('[ZoneValidation][%s] MASH  : configured=%d (named=%d, coord=%d) found=%d missing=%d',
    sideStr,
    #(self.Config.Zones.MASHZones or {}),   #found.MASH + #missing.MASH,   coords.MASH,   #found.MASH,   #missing.MASH))

  local anyMissing = (#missing.Pickup > 0) or (#missing.Drop > 0) or (#missing.FOB > 0) or (#missing.MASH > 0)
  if anyMissing then
    if #missing.Pickup > 0 then
      local msg = 'CTLD config warning: Missing Pickup Zones: '..join(missing.Pickup)
      _msgCoalition(self.Side, msg); _logError('[ZoneValidation]['..sideStr..'] '..msg)
    end
    if #missing.Drop > 0 then
      local msg = 'CTLD config warning: Missing Drop Zones: '..join(missing.Drop)
      _msgCoalition(self.Side, msg); _logError('[ZoneValidation]['..sideStr..'] '..msg)
    end
    if #missing.FOB > 0 then
      local msg = 'CTLD config warning: Missing FOB Zones: '..join(missing.FOB)
      _msgCoalition(self.Side, msg); _logError('[ZoneValidation]['..sideStr..'] '..msg)
    end
    if #missing.MASH > 0 then
      local msg = 'CTLD config warning: Missing MASH Zones: '..join(missing.MASH)
      _msgCoalition(self.Side, msg); _logError('[ZoneValidation]['..sideStr..'] '..msg)
    end
  else
    _logVerbose(string.format('[ZoneValidation][%s] All configured zone names resolved successfully.', sideStr))
  end

  self._MissingZones = missing
end
-- #endregion Construction

-- =========================
-- Menus
-- =========================
-- #region Menus
function CTLD:InitMenus()
  if self.Config.UseGroupMenus then
    -- Create placeholder menu at mission start to reserve F10 position if requested
    if self.Config.CreateMenuAtMissionStart then
      -- Create a coalition-level placeholder that will be replaced by per-group menus on birth
      self.PlaceholderMenu = MENU_COALITION:New(self.Side, self.Config.RootMenuName or 'CTLD')
      MENU_COALITION_COMMAND:New(self.Side, 'Spawn in an aircraft to see options', self.PlaceholderMenu, function()
        _msgCoalition(self.Side, 'CTLD menus will appear when you spawn in a transport aircraft.')
      end)
    end
    self:WireBirthHandler()
    -- No coalition-level root when using per-group menus; Admin/Help is nested under each group's CTLD menu
  else
    self.MenuRoot = MENU_COALITION:New(self.Side, self.Config.RootMenuName or 'CTLD')
    self:BuildCoalitionMenus(self.MenuRoot)
    self:InitCoalitionAdminMenu()
  end
end

function CTLD:WireBirthHandler()
  local handler = EVENTHANDLER:New()
  handler:HandleEvent(EVENTS.Birth)
  local selfref = self
  function handler:OnEventBirth(eventData)
    local unit = eventData.IniUnit
    if not unit or not unit:IsAlive() then return end
    if unit:GetCoalition() ~= selfref.Side then return end
    local typ = _getUnitType(unit)
    if not _isIn(selfref.Config.AllowedAircraft, typ) then return end
    local grp = unit:GetGroup()
    if not grp then return end
    local gname = grp:GetName()
    if selfref.MenusByGroup[gname] then return end
    selfref.MenusByGroup[gname] = selfref:BuildGroupMenus(grp)
    _msgGroup(grp, 'CTLD menu available (F10)')
  end
  self.BirthHandler = handler
end

function CTLD:BuildGroupMenus(group)
  local root = MENU_GROUP:New(group, self.Config.RootMenuName or 'CTLD')
  -- Safe menu command helper: wraps callbacks to prevent silent errors
  local function CMD(title, parent, cb)
    return MENU_GROUP_COMMAND:New(group, title, parent, function()
      local ok, err = pcall(cb)
      if not ok then
        _logError('Menu error: '..tostring(err))
        MESSAGE:New('CTLD menu error: '..tostring(err), 8):ToGroup(group)
      end
    end)
  end

  -- Initialize per-player coach preference from default
  local gname = group:GetName()
  CTLD._coachOverride = CTLD._coachOverride or {}
  if CTLD._coachOverride[gname] == nil then
    local coachCfg = CTLD.HoverCoachConfig or {}
    CTLD._coachOverride[gname] = coachCfg.coachOnByDefault
  end

  -- Top-level roots per requested structure
  local opsRoot   = MENU_GROUP:New(group, 'Operations', root)
  local logRoot   = MENU_GROUP:New(group, 'Logistics', root)
  local toolsRoot = MENU_GROUP:New(group, 'Field Tools', root)
  local navRoot   = MENU_GROUP:New(group, 'Navigation', root)
  local adminRoot = MENU_GROUP:New(group, 'Admin/Help', root)

  -- Admin/Help -> Player Guides (moved to top of Admin/Help)
  local help = MENU_GROUP:New(group, 'Player Guides', adminRoot)
  MENU_GROUP_COMMAND:New(group, 'CTLD Basics (2-minute tour)', help, function()
    local lines = {}
    table.insert(lines, 'CTLD Basics - 2 minute tour')
    table.insert(lines, '')
    table.insert(lines, 'Loop: Request -> Deliver -> Build -> Fight')
    table.insert(lines, '- Request crates at an ACTIVE Supply Zone (Pickup).')
    table.insert(lines, '- Deliver crates to the build point (within Build Radius).')
    table.insert(lines, '- Build units or sites with "Build Here" (confirm + cooldown).')
    table.insert(lines, '- Optional: set Attack or Defend behavior when building.')
    table.insert(lines, '')
    table.insert(lines, 'Key concepts:')
    table.insert(lines, '- Zones: Pickup (supply), Drop (mission targets), FOB (forward supply).')
    table.insert(lines, '- Inventory: stock is tracked per zone; requests consume stock there.')
    table.insert(lines, '- FOBs: building one creates a local supply point with seeded stock.')
    table.insert(lines, '- Advanced: SAM site repair crates, AI attack orders, EWR/JTAC support.')
    MESSAGE:New(table.concat(lines, '\n'), 35):ToGroup(group)
  end)
  MENU_GROUP_COMMAND:New(group, 'Zones - Guide', help, function()
    local lines = {}
    table.insert(lines, 'CTLD Zones - Guide')
    table.insert(lines, '')
    table.insert(lines, 'Zone types:')
    table.insert(lines, '- Pickup (Supply): Request crates and load troops here. Crate requests require proximity to an ACTIVE pickup zone (default within 10 km).')
    table.insert(lines, '- Drop: Mission-defined delivery or rally areas. Some missions may require delivery or deployment at these zones (see briefing).')
    table.insert(lines, '- FOB: Forward Operating Base areas. Some recipes (FOB Site) can be built here; if FOB restriction is enabled, FOB-only builds must be inside an FOB zone.')
    table.insert(lines, '')
    table.insert(lines, 'Colors and map marks:')
    table.insert(lines, '- Pickup zone crate spawns are marked with smoke in the configured color. Admin/Help -> Draw CTLD Zones on Map draws zone circles and labels on F10.')
    table.insert(lines, '- Use Admin/Help -> Clear CTLD Map Drawings to remove the drawings. Drawings are read-only if configured.')
    table.insert(lines, '')
    table.insert(lines, 'How to use zones:')
    table.insert(lines, '- To request crates: move within the pickup zone distance and use CTLD -> Request Crate.')
    table.insert(lines, '- To load troops: must be inside a Pickup zone if troop loading restriction is enabled.')
    table.insert(lines, '- Navigation: CTLD -> Coach & Nav -> Vectors to Nearest Pickup Zone gives bearing and range.')
    table.insert(lines, '- Activation: Zones can be active/inactive per mission logic; inactive pickup zones block crate requests.')
    table.insert(lines, '')
    table.insert(lines, string.format('Build Radius: about %d m to collect nearby crates when building.', self.Config.BuildRadius or 60))
    table.insert(lines, string.format('Pickup Zone Max Distance: about %d m to request crates.', self.Config.PickupZoneMaxDistance or 10000))
    MESSAGE:New(table.concat(lines, '\n'), 40):ToGroup(group)
  end)
  MENU_GROUP_COMMAND:New(group, 'Inventory - How It Works', help, function()
    local inv = self.Config.Inventory or {}
    local enabled = inv.Enabled ~= false
    local showHint = inv.ShowStockInMenu == true
    local fobPct = math.floor(((inv.FOBStockFactor or 0.25) * 100) + 0.5)
    local lines = {}
    table.insert(lines, 'CTLD Inventory - How It Works')
    table.insert(lines, '')
    table.insert(lines, 'Overview:')
    table.insert(lines, '- Inventory is tracked per Supply (Pickup) Zone and per FOB. Requests consume stock at that location.')
    table.insert(lines, string.format('- Inventory is %s.', enabled and 'ENABLED' or 'DISABLED'))
    table.insert(lines, '')
    table.insert(lines, 'Starting stock:')
    table.insert(lines, '- Each configured Supply Zone is seeded from the catalog initialStock for every crate type at mission start.')
    table.insert(lines, string.format('- When you build a FOB, it creates a small Supply Zone with stock seeded at ~%d%% of initialStock.', fobPct))
    table.insert(lines, '')
    table.insert(lines, 'Requesting crates:')
    table.insert(lines, '- You must be within range of an ACTIVE Supply Zone to request crates; stock is decremented on spawn.')
    table.insert(lines, '- If out of stock for a type at that zone, requests are denied for that type until resupplied (mission logic).')
    table.insert(lines, '')
    table.insert(lines, 'UI hints:')
    table.insert(lines, string.format('- Show stock in menu labels: %s.', showHint and 'ON' or 'OFF'))
    table.insert(lines, '- Some missions may include an "In Stock Here" list showing only items available at the nearest zone.')
    MESSAGE:New(table.concat(lines, '\n'), 40):ToGroup(group)
  end)

  MENU_GROUP_COMMAND:New(group, 'Troop Transport & JTAC Use', help, function()
    local lines = {}
    table.insert(lines, 'Troop Transport & JTAC Use')
    table.insert(lines, '')
    table.insert(lines, 'Troops:')
    table.insert(lines, '- Load inside an ACTIVE Supply Zone (if mission enforces it).')
    table.insert(lines, '- Deploy with Defend (hold) or Attack (advance to targets/bases).')
    table.insert(lines, '- Attack uses a search radius and moves at configured speed.')
    table.insert(lines, '')
    table.insert(lines, 'JTAC:')
    table.insert(lines, '- Build JTAC units (MRAP/Tigr or drones) to support target marking.')
    table.insert(lines, '- JTAC helps with target designation/SA; details depend on mission setup.')
    MESSAGE:New(table.concat(lines, '\n'), 35):ToGroup(group)
  end)
  MENU_GROUP_COMMAND:New(group, 'Crates 101: Requesting and Handling', help, function()
    local lines = {}
    table.insert(lines, 'Crates 101 - Requesting and Handling')
    table.insert(lines, '')
    table.insert(lines, '- Request crates near an ACTIVE Supply Zone; max distance is configurable.')
    table.insert(lines, '- Menu labels show the total crates required for a recipe.')
    table.insert(lines, '- Drop crates close together but avoid overlap; smoke marks spawns.')
    table.insert(lines, '- Use Coach & Nav tools: vectors to nearest pickup zone, re-mark crate with smoke.')
    MESSAGE:New(table.concat(lines, '\n'), 35):ToGroup(group)
  end)
  MENU_GROUP_COMMAND:New(group, 'Hover Pickup & Slingloading', help, function()
    local coachCfg = CTLD.HoverCoachConfig or {}
    local aglMin = (coachCfg.thresholds and coachCfg.thresholds.aglMin) or 5
    local aglMax = (coachCfg.thresholds and coachCfg.thresholds.aglMax) or 20
    local capGS = (coachCfg.thresholds and coachCfg.thresholds.captureGS) or (4/3.6)
    local hold = (coachCfg.thresholds and coachCfg.thresholds.stabilityHold) or 1.8
    local lines = {}
    table.insert(lines, 'Hover Pickup & Slingloading')
    table.insert(lines, '')
    table.insert(lines, string.format('- Hover pickup: hold AGL %d-%d m, speed < %.1f m/s, for ~%.1f s to auto-load.', aglMin, aglMax, capGS, hold))
    table.insert(lines, '- Keep steady within ~15 m of the crate; Hover Coach gives cues if enabled.')
    table.insert(lines, '- Slingloading tips: avoid rotor wash over stacks; approach from upwind; re-mark crate with smoke if needed.')
    MESSAGE:New(table.concat(lines, '\n'), 35):ToGroup(group)
  end)
  MENU_GROUP_COMMAND:New(group, 'Build System: Build Here and Advanced', help, function()
    local br = self.Config.BuildRadius or 60
    local win = self.Config.BuildConfirmWindowSeconds or 10
    local cd = self.Config.BuildCooldownSeconds or 60
    local lines = {}
    table.insert(lines, 'Build System - Build Here and Advanced')
    table.insert(lines, '')
    table.insert(lines, string.format('- Build Here collects crates within ~%d m. Double-press within %d s to confirm.', br, win))
    table.insert(lines, string.format('- Cooldown: about %d s per group after a successful build.', cd))
    table.insert(lines, '- Advanced Build lets you choose Defend (hold) or Attack (move).')
    table.insert(lines, '- Static or unsuitable units will hold even if Attack is chosen.')
    table.insert(lines, '- FOB-only recipes must be inside an FOB zone when restriction is enabled.')
    MESSAGE:New(table.concat(lines, '\n'), 40):ToGroup(group)
  end)
  MENU_GROUP_COMMAND:New(group, 'FOBs: Forward Supply & Why They Matter', help, function()
    local fobPct = math.floor(((self.Config.Inventory and self.Config.Inventory.FOBStockFactor or 0.25) * 100) + 0.5)
    local lines = {}
    table.insert(lines, 'FOBs - Forward Supply and Why They Matter')
    table.insert(lines, '')
    table.insert(lines, '- Build a FOB by assembling its crate recipe (see Recipe Info).')
    table.insert(lines, string.format('- A new local Supply Zone is created and seeded at ~%d%% of initial stock.', fobPct))
    table.insert(lines, '- FOBs shorten logistics legs and increase throughput toward the front.')
    table.insert(lines, '- If enabled, FOB-only builds must occur inside FOB zones.')
    MESSAGE:New(table.concat(lines, '\n'), 35):ToGroup(group)
  end)
  MENU_GROUP_COMMAND:New(group, 'SAM Sites: Building, Repairing, and Augmenting', help, function()
    local br = self.Config.BuildRadius or 60
    local lines = {}
    table.insert(lines, 'SAM Sites - Building, Repairing, and Augmenting')
    table.insert(lines, '')
    table.insert(lines, 'Build:')
    table.insert(lines, '- Assemble site recipes using the required component crates (see menu labels). Build Here will place the full site.')
    table.insert(lines, '')
    table.insert(lines, 'Repair/Augment (merged):')
    table.insert(lines, '- Request the matching "Repair/Launcher +1" crate for your site type (HAWK, Patriot, KUB, BUK).')
    table.insert(lines, string.format('- Drop repair crate(s) within ~%d m of the site, then use Build Here (confirm window applies).', br))
    table.insert(lines, '- The nearest matching site (within a local search) is respawned fully repaired; +1 launcher per crate, up to caps.')
    table.insert(lines, '- Caps: HAWK 6, Patriot 6, KUB 3, BUK 6. Extra crates beyond the cap are not consumed.')
    table.insert(lines, '- Must match coalition and site type; otherwise no changes are applied.')
    table.insert(lines, '- Respawn is required to apply repairs/augmentation due to DCS limitations.')
    table.insert(lines, '')
    table.insert(lines, 'Placement tips:')
    table.insert(lines, '- Space launchers to avoid masking; keep radars with good line-of-sight; avoid fratricide arcs.')
    MESSAGE:New(table.concat(lines, '\n'), 45):ToGroup(group)
  end)
  MENU_GROUP_COMMAND:New(group, 'MASH & Salvage System', help, function()
    local lines = {}
    table.insert(lines, 'MASH & Salvage System - Player Guide')
    table.insert(lines, '')
    table.insert(lines, 'What is it?')
    table.insert(lines, '- MASH (Mobile Army Surgical Hospital) zones accept MEDEVAC crew deliveries.')
    table.insert(lines, '- When ground vehicles are destroyed, crews spawn nearby and call for rescue.')
    table.insert(lines, '- Rescuing crews and delivering them to MASH earns Salvage Points for your coalition.')
    table.insert(lines, '- Salvage Points let you build out-of-stock items, keeping logistics flowing.')
    table.insert(lines, '')
    table.insert(lines, 'How MEDEVAC works:')
    table.insert(lines, '- Vehicle destroyed → crew spawns after delay with invulnerability period.')
    table.insert(lines, '- MEDEVAC request announced with grid coordinates and salvage value.')
    table.insert(lines, '- Crews have a time limit (default 60 minutes); failure = crew KIA and vehicle lost.')
    table.insert(lines, '')
    table.insert(lines, 'Pickup Methods:')
    table.insert(lines, '- AUTO: Land within 500m of crew - they will run to you and board automatically!')
    table.insert(lines, '- HOVER: Fly close, hover nearby, load troops normally - system detects MEDEVAC crew.')
    table.insert(lines, '- Original vehicle respawns when crew is picked up (if enabled).')
    table.insert(lines, '')
    table.insert(lines, 'Delivering to MASH:')
    table.insert(lines, '- AUTO: Land in any MASH zone - crews unload automatically after 2 seconds.')
    table.insert(lines, '- MANUAL: Deploy troops inside MASH zone - salvage points awarded automatically.')
    table.insert(lines, '- Coalition message shows points earned and new total.')
    table.insert(lines, '')
    table.insert(lines, 'Using Salvage Points:')
    table.insert(lines, '- When crate requests fail (out of stock), salvage auto-applies if available.')
    table.insert(lines, '- Each catalog item has a salvage cost (usually matches its value).')
    table.insert(lines, '- Check current salvage: Coach & Nav -> MEDEVAC Status.')
    table.insert(lines, '')
    table.insert(lines, 'Mobile MASH:')
    table.insert(lines, '- Build Mobile MASH crates to deploy field hospitals anywhere.')
    table.insert(lines, '- Mobile MASH creates a new delivery zone with radio beacon.')
    table.insert(lines, '- Multiple mobile MASHs can be deployed for forward operations.')
    table.insert(lines, '')
    table.insert(lines, 'Best practices:')
    table.insert(lines, '- Monitor MEDEVAC requests: Coach & Nav -> Vectors to Nearest MEDEVAC Crew.')
    table.insert(lines, '- Prioritize high-value vehicles (armor, AA) for maximum salvage.')
    table.insert(lines, '- Deploy Mobile MASH near active combat zones to reduce delivery time.')
    table.insert(lines, '- Coordinate with team: share MEDEVAC locations and salvage status.')
    table.insert(lines, '- Watch for warnings: 15min and 5min alerts before crew timeout.')
    MESSAGE:New(table.concat(lines, '\n'), 50):ToGroup(group)
  end)

  -- Operations -> Troop Transport
  local troopsRoot = MENU_GROUP:New(group, 'Troop Transport', opsRoot)
  CMD('Load Troops', troopsRoot, function() self:LoadTroops(group) end)
  -- Optional typed troop loading submenu
  do
    local typedRoot = MENU_GROUP:New(group, 'Load Troops (Type)', troopsRoot)
    local tcfg = (self.Config.Troops and self.Config.Troops.TroopTypes) or {}
    -- Stable order per common roles
    local order = { 'AS', 'AA', 'AT', 'AR' }
    local seen = {}
    local function addItem(key)
      local def = tcfg[key]
      if not def then return end
      local label = (def.label or key)
      local size = def.size or 6
      CMD(string.format('%s (%d)', label, size), typedRoot, function()
        self:LoadTroops(group, { typeKey = key })
      end)
      seen[key] = true
    end
    for _,k in ipairs(order) do addItem(k) end
    -- Add any additional custom types not in the default order
    for k,_ in pairs(tcfg) do if not seen[k] then addItem(k) end end
  end
  do
    local tr = (self.Config.AttackAI and self.Config.AttackAI.TroopSearchRadius) or 3000
    CMD('Deploy [Hold Position]', troopsRoot, function() self:UnloadTroops(group, { behavior = 'defend' }) end)
    CMD(string.format('Deploy [Attack (%dm)]', tr), troopsRoot, function() self:UnloadTroops(group, { behavior = 'attack' }) end)
  end

  -- Operations -> Build
  local buildRoot = MENU_GROUP:New(group, 'Build', opsRoot)
  CMD('Build Here', buildRoot, function() self:BuildAtGroup(group) end)
  local buildAdvRoot = MENU_GROUP:New(group, 'Build (Advanced)', buildRoot)
  -- Buildable Near You (dynamic) lives directly under Build
  self:_BuildOrRefreshBuildAdvancedMenu(group, buildRoot)
  -- Refresh Buildable List (refreshes the list under Build)
  MENU_GROUP_COMMAND:New(group, 'Refresh Buildable List', buildRoot, function()
    self:_BuildOrRefreshBuildAdvancedMenu(group, buildRoot)
    MESSAGE:New('Buildable list refreshed.', 6):ToGroup(group)
  end)

  -- Operations -> MEDEVAC
  if CTLD.MEDEVAC and CTLD.MEDEVAC.Enabled then
    local medevacRoot = MENU_GROUP:New(group, 'MEDEVAC', opsRoot)
    
    -- List Active MEDEVAC Requests
    CMD('List Active MEDEVAC Requests', medevacRoot, function() self:ListActiveMEDEVACRequests(group) end)
    
    -- Nearest MEDEVAC Location
    CMD('Nearest MEDEVAC Location', medevacRoot, function() self:NearestMEDEVACLocation(group) end)
    
    -- Coalition Salvage Points
    CMD('Coalition Salvage Points', medevacRoot, function() self:ShowSalvagePoints(group) end)
    
    -- Vectors to Nearest MEDEVAC
    CMD('Vectors to Nearest MEDEVAC', medevacRoot, function() self:VectorsToNearestMEDEVAC(group) end)
    
    -- MASH Locations
    CMD('MASH Locations', medevacRoot, function() self:ListMASHLocations(group) end)
    
    -- Pop Smoke at Crew Locations
    CMD('Pop Smoke at Crew Locations', medevacRoot, function() self:PopSmokeAtMEDEVACSites(group) end)
    
    -- Pop Smoke at MASH Zones
    CMD('Pop Smoke at MASH Zones', medevacRoot, function() self:PopSmokeAtMASHZones(group) end)
    
    -- Duplicate guide from Admin/Help -> Player Guides for quick access
    MENU_GROUP_COMMAND:New(group, 'MASH & Salvage System - Guide', medevacRoot, function()
      local lines = {}
      table.insert(lines, 'MASH & Salvage System - Player Guide')
      table.insert(lines, '')
      table.insert(lines, 'What is it?')
      table.insert(lines, '- MASH (Mobile Army Surgical Hospital) zones accept MEDEVAC crew deliveries.')
      table.insert(lines, '- When ground vehicles are destroyed, crews spawn nearby and call for rescue.')
      table.insert(lines, '- Rescuing crews and delivering them to MASH earns Salvage Points for your coalition.')
      table.insert(lines, '- Salvage Points let you build out-of-stock items, keeping logistics flowing.')
      table.insert(lines, '')
      table.insert(lines, 'How MEDEVAC works:')
      table.insert(lines, '- Vehicle destroyed → crew spawns after delay with invulnerability period.')
      table.insert(lines, '- MEDEVAC request announced with grid coordinates and salvage value.')
      table.insert(lines, '- Crews have a time limit (default 60 minutes); failure = crew KIA and vehicle lost.')
      table.insert(lines, '')
      table.insert(lines, 'Pickup Methods:')
      table.insert(lines, '- AUTO: Land within 500m of crew - they will run to you and board automatically!')
      table.insert(lines, '- HOVER: Fly close, hover nearby, load troops normally - system detects MEDEVAC crew.')
      table.insert(lines, '- Original vehicle respawns when crew is picked up (if enabled).')
      table.insert(lines, '')
      table.insert(lines, 'Delivering to MASH:')
      table.insert(lines, '- AUTO: Land in any MASH zone - crews unload automatically after 2 seconds.')
      table.insert(lines, '- MANUAL: Deploy troops inside MASH zone - salvage points awarded automatically.')
      table.insert(lines, '- Coalition message shows points earned and new total.')
      table.insert(lines, '')
      table.insert(lines, 'Using Salvage Points:')
      table.insert(lines, '- When crate requests fail (out of stock), salvage auto-applies if available.')
      table.insert(lines, '- Each catalog item has a salvage cost (usually matches its value).')
      table.insert(lines, '- Check current salvage: Coach & Nav -> MEDEVAC Status.')
      table.insert(lines, '')
      table.insert(lines, 'Mobile MASH:')
      table.insert(lines, '- Build Mobile MASH crates to deploy field hospitals anywhere.')
      table.insert(lines, '- Mobile MASH creates a new delivery zone with radio beacon.')
      table.insert(lines, '- Multiple mobile MASHs can be deployed for forward operations.')
      table.insert(lines, '')
      table.insert(lines, 'Best practices:')
      table.insert(lines, '- Monitor MEDEVAC requests: Coach & Nav -> Vectors to Nearest MEDEVAC Crew.')
      table.insert(lines, '- Prioritize high-value vehicles (armor, AA) for maximum salvage.')
      table.insert(lines, '- Deploy Mobile MASH near active combat zones to reduce delivery time.')
      table.insert(lines, '- Coordinate with team: share MEDEVAC locations and salvage status.')
      table.insert(lines, '- Watch for warnings: 15min and 5min alerts before crew timeout.')
      MESSAGE:New(table.concat(lines, '\n'), 50):ToGroup(group)
    end)
    
    -- Admin/Settings submenu
    local medevacAdminRoot = MENU_GROUP:New(group, 'Admin/Settings', medevacRoot)
    CMD('Clear All MEDEVAC Missions', medevacAdminRoot, function() self:ClearAllMEDEVACMissions(group) end)
  end

  -- Logistics -> Request Crate and Recipe Info
  local reqRoot = MENU_GROUP:New(group, 'Request Crate', logRoot)
  local infoRoot = MENU_GROUP:New(group, 'Recipe Info', logRoot)
  if self.Config.UseCategorySubmenus then
    local submenus = {}
    local function getSubmenu(catLabel)
      if not submenus[catLabel] then
        submenus[catLabel] = MENU_GROUP:New(group, catLabel, reqRoot)
      end
      return submenus[catLabel]
    end
    local infoSubs = {}
    local function getInfoSub(catLabel)
      if not infoSubs[catLabel] then
        infoSubs[catLabel] = MENU_GROUP:New(group, catLabel, infoRoot)
      end
      return infoSubs[catLabel]
    end
    for key,def in pairs(self.Config.CrateCatalog) do
      local label = self:_formatMenuLabelWithCrates(key, def)
      local sideOk = (not def.side) or def.side == self.Side
      if sideOk then
        local catLabel = (def and def.menuCategory) or 'Other'
        local parent = getSubmenu(catLabel)
        if def and type(def.requires) == 'table' then
          -- Composite recipe: request full bundle of component crates
          CMD(label, parent, function() self:RequestRecipeBundleForGroup(group, key) end)
        else
          CMD(label, parent, function() self:RequestCrateForGroup(group, key) end)
        end
        local infoParent = getInfoSub(catLabel)
        CMD((def and (def.menu or def.description)) or key, infoParent, function()
          local text = self:_formatRecipeInfo(key, def)
          _msgGroup(group, text)
        end)
      end
    end
  else
    for key,def in pairs(self.Config.CrateCatalog) do
      local label = self:_formatMenuLabelWithCrates(key, def)
      local sideOk = (not def.side) or def.side == self.Side
      if sideOk then
        if def and type(def.requires) == 'table' then
          CMD(label, reqRoot, function() self:RequestRecipeBundleForGroup(group, key) end)
        else
          CMD(label, reqRoot, function() self:RequestCrateForGroup(group, key) end)
        end
        CMD(((def and (def.menu or def.description)) or key)..' (info)', infoRoot, function()
          local text = self:_formatRecipeInfo(key, def)
          _msgGroup(group, text)
        end)
      end
    end
  end
  -- Logistics -> Crate Management
  local crateMgmt = MENU_GROUP:New(group, 'Crate Management', logRoot)
  CMD('Drop One Loaded Crate', crateMgmt, function() self:DropLoadedCrates(group, 1) end)
  CMD('Drop All Loaded Crates', crateMgmt, function() self:DropLoadedCrates(group, -1) end)
  CMD('Re-mark Nearest Crate (Smoke)', crateMgmt, function()
    local unit = group:GetUnit(1)
    if not unit or not unit:IsAlive() then return end
    local p = unit:GetPointVec3()
    local here = { x = p.x, z = p.z }
    local bestName, bestMeta, bestd
    for name,meta in pairs(CTLD._crates) do
      if meta.side == self.Side then
        local dx = (meta.point.x - here.x)
        local dz = (meta.point.z - here.z)
        local d = math.sqrt(dx*dx + dz*dz)
        if (not bestd) or d < bestd then
          bestName, bestMeta, bestd = name, meta, d
        end
      end
    end
    if bestName and bestMeta then
      local zdef = { smoke = self.Config.PickupZoneSmokeColor }
      local sx, sz = bestMeta.point.x, bestMeta.point.z
      local sy = 0
      if land and land.getHeight then
        -- land.getHeight expects Vec2 where y is z
        local ok, h = pcall(land.getHeight, { x = sx, y = sz })
        if ok and type(h) == 'number' then sy = h end
      end
      -- Use new smoke helper with crate ID for refresh scheduling
      local smokeColor = (zdef and zdef.smoke) or self.Config.PickupZoneSmokeColor
      _spawnCrateSmoke({ x = sx, y = sy, z = sz }, smokeColor, self.Config.CrateSmoke, bestName)
      _eventSend(self, group, nil, 'crate_re_marked', { id = bestName, mark = 'smoke' })
    else
      _msgGroup(group, 'No friendly crates found to mark.')
    end
  end)

  -- Logistics -> Show Inventory at Nearest Pickup Zone/FOB
  CMD('Show Inventory at Nearest Zone', logRoot, function() self:ShowNearestZoneInventory(group) end)

  -- Field Tools
  CMD('Create Drop Zone (AO)', toolsRoot, function() self:CreateDropZoneAtGroup(group) end)
  local smokeRoot = MENU_GROUP:New(group, 'Smoke My Location', toolsRoot)
  local function smokeHere(color)
    local unit = group:GetUnit(1)
    if not unit or not unit:IsAlive() then return end
    local p = unit:GetPointVec3()
    -- Use full Vec3 to ensure correct placement
    trigger.action.smoke({ x = p.x, y = p.y, z = p.z }, color)
  end
  MENU_GROUP_COMMAND:New(group, 'Green', smokeRoot, function() smokeHere(trigger.smokeColor.Green) end)
  MENU_GROUP_COMMAND:New(group, 'Red', smokeRoot, function() smokeHere(trigger.smokeColor.Red) end)
  MENU_GROUP_COMMAND:New(group, 'White', smokeRoot, function() smokeHere(trigger.smokeColor.White) end)
  MENU_GROUP_COMMAND:New(group, 'Orange', smokeRoot, function() smokeHere(trigger.smokeColor.Orange) end)
  MENU_GROUP_COMMAND:New(group, 'Blue', smokeRoot, function() smokeHere(trigger.smokeColor.Blue) end)

  -- Navigation
  local gname = group:GetName()
  CMD('Request Vectors to Nearest Crate', navRoot, function()
    local unit = group:GetUnit(1)
    if not unit or not unit:IsAlive() then return end
    local p = unit:GetPointVec3()
    local here = { x = p.x, z = p.z }
    local bestName, bestMeta, bestd
    for name,meta in pairs(CTLD._crates) do
      if meta.side == self.Side then
        local dx = (meta.point.x - here.x)
        local dz = (meta.point.z - here.z)
        local d = math.sqrt(dx*dx + dz*dz)
        if (not bestd) or d < bestd then
          bestName, bestMeta, bestd = name, meta, d
        end
      end
    end
    if bestName and bestMeta then
      local brg = _bearingDeg(here, bestMeta.point)
      local isMetric = _getPlayerIsMetric(unit)
      local rngV, rngU = _fmtRange(bestd, isMetric)
      _eventSend(self, group, nil, 'vectors_to_crate', { id = bestName, brg = brg, rng = rngV, rng_u = rngU })
    else
      _msgGroup(group, 'No friendly crates found.')
    end
  end)
  CMD('Vectors to Nearest Pickup Zone', navRoot, function()
    local unit = group:GetUnit(1)
    if not unit or not unit:IsAlive() then return end
    local zone = nil
    local dist = nil
    local list = nil
    if self.Config and self.Config.Zones and self.Config.Zones.PickupZones then
      list = {}
      for _,z in ipairs(self.Config.Zones.PickupZones) do
        if (not z.name) or self._ZoneActive.Pickup[z.name] ~= false then table.insert(list, z) end
      end
    elseif self.PickupZones and #self.PickupZones > 0 then
      list = {}
      for _,mz in ipairs(self.PickupZones) do
        if mz and mz.GetName then
          local n = mz:GetName()
          if self._ZoneActive.Pickup[n] ~= false then table.insert(list, { name = n }) end
        end
      end
    else
      list = {}
    end
    zone, dist = _nearestZonePoint(unit, list)
    if not zone then
      local allDefs = self.Config and self.Config.Zones and self.Config.Zones.PickupZones or {}
      if allDefs and #allDefs > 0 then
        local fbZone, fbDist = _nearestZonePoint(unit, allDefs)
        if fbZone then
          local up = unit:GetPointVec3(); local zp = fbZone:GetPointVec3()
          local from = { x = up.x, z = up.z }
          local to = { x = zp.x, z = zp.z }
          local brg = _bearingDeg(from, to)
          local isMetric = _getPlayerIsMetric(unit)
          local rngV, rngU = _fmtRange(fbDist or 0, isMetric)
          _eventSend(self, group, nil, 'vectors_to_pickup_zone', { zone = fbZone:GetName(), brg = brg, rng = rngV, rng_u = rngU })
          return
        end
      end
      _eventSend(self, group, nil, 'no_pickup_zones', {})
      return
    end
    local up = unit:GetPointVec3()
    local zp = zone:GetPointVec3()
    local from = { x = up.x, z = up.z }
    local to = { x = zp.x, z = zp.z }
    local brg = _bearingDeg(from, to)
    local isMetric = _getPlayerIsMetric(unit)
    local rngV, rngU = _fmtRange(dist, isMetric)
    _eventSend(self, group, nil, 'vectors_to_pickup_zone', { zone = zone:GetName(), brg = brg, rng = rngV, rng_u = rngU })
  end)

  -- Navigation -> Smoke Nearest Zone (Pickup/Drop/FOB)
  CMD('Smoke Nearest Zone (Pickup/Drop/FOB/MASH)', navRoot, function()
    local unit = group:GetUnit(1)
    if not unit or not unit:IsAlive() then return end

    -- Build lists of active zones by kind in a format usable by _nearestZonePoint
    local function collectActive(kind)
      if kind == 'Pickup' then
        return self:_collectActivePickupDefs()
      elseif kind == 'Drop' then
        local out = {}
        for _, mz in ipairs(self.DropZones or {}) do
          if mz and mz.GetName then
            local n = mz:GetName()
            if (self._ZoneActive and self._ZoneActive.Drop and self._ZoneActive.Drop[n] ~= false) then
              table.insert(out, { name = n })
            end
          end
        end
        return out
      elseif kind == 'FOB' then
        local out = {}
        for _, mz in ipairs(self.FOBZones or {}) do
          if mz and mz.GetName then
            local n = mz:GetName()
            if (self._ZoneActive and self._ZoneActive.FOB and self._ZoneActive.FOB[n] ~= false) then
              table.insert(out, { name = n })
            end
          end
        end
        return out
      elseif kind == 'MASH' then
        local out = {}
        if CTLD._mashZones then
          for name, data in pairs(CTLD._mashZones) do
            if data and data.side == self.Side and data.zone then
              table.insert(out, { name = name })
            end
          end
        end
        return out
      end
      return {}
    end

    local bestKind, bestZone, bestDist
    for _, k in ipairs({ 'Pickup', 'Drop', 'FOB', 'MASH' }) do
      local list = collectActive(k)
      if list and #list > 0 then
        local z, d = _nearestZonePoint(unit, list)
        if z and d and ((not bestDist) or d < bestDist) then
          bestKind, bestZone, bestDist = k, z, d
        end
      end
    end

    if not bestZone then
      _msgGroup(group, 'No zones available to smoke.')
      return
    end

    -- Determine smoke point (zone center)
    -- _getZoneCenterAndRadius returns (center, radius); call directly to capture center
    local center
    if self._getZoneCenterAndRadius then center = select(1, self:_getZoneCenterAndRadius(bestZone)) end
    if not center then
      local v3 = bestZone:GetPointVec3()
      center = { x = v3.x, y = v3.y or 0, z = v3.z }
    else
      center = { x = center.x, y = center.y or 0, z = center.z }
    end

    -- Choose smoke color per kind
    local color = trigger.smokeColor.Green  -- default
    if bestKind == 'Pickup' then
      color = self.Config.PickupZoneSmokeColor or trigger.smokeColor.Green
    elseif bestKind == 'Drop' then
      color = trigger.smokeColor.Red
    elseif bestKind == 'FOB' then
      color = trigger.smokeColor.White
    elseif bestKind == 'MASH' then
      color = trigger.smokeColor.Orange
    end

    -- Apply smoke offset system (use crate smoke config settings)
    local smokeConfig = self.Config.CrateSmoke or {}
    local smokePos = {
      x = center.x,
      y = land.getHeight({x = center.x, y = center.z}),
      z = center.z
    }
    local offsetMeters = tonumber(smokeConfig.OffsetMeters) or 5
    local offsetRandom = (smokeConfig.OffsetRandom ~= false)  -- default true
    local offsetVertical = tonumber(smokeConfig.OffsetVertical) or 2
    
    if offsetMeters > 0 then
      local angle = 0
      if offsetRandom then
        angle = math.random() * 2 * math.pi
      end
      smokePos.x = smokePos.x + offsetMeters * math.cos(angle)
      smokePos.z = smokePos.z + offsetMeters * math.sin(angle)
    end
    smokePos.y = smokePos.y + offsetVertical

    -- Use MOOSE COORDINATE smoke for better appearance (tall, thin smoke like cargo smoke)
    local coord = COORDINATE:New(smokePos.x, smokePos.y, smokePos.z)
    if coord and coord.Smoke then
      if color == trigger.smokeColor.Green then
        coord:SmokeGreen()
      elseif color == trigger.smokeColor.Red then
        coord:SmokeRed()
      elseif color == trigger.smokeColor.White then
        coord:SmokeWhite()
      elseif color == trigger.smokeColor.Orange then
        coord:SmokeOrange()
      elseif color == trigger.smokeColor.Blue then
        coord:SmokeBlue()
      else
        coord:SmokeGreen()
      end
      local distKm = bestDist / 1000
      local distNm = bestDist / 1852
      _msgGroup(group, string.format('Smoked nearest %s zone: %s (%.1f km / %.1f nm)', bestKind, bestZone:GetName(), distKm, distNm))
    elseif trigger and trigger.action and trigger.action.smoke then
      -- Fallback to trigger.action.smoke if MOOSE COORDINATE not available
      trigger.action.smoke(smokePos, color)
      local distKm = bestDist / 1000
      local distNm = bestDist / 1852
      _msgGroup(group, string.format('Smoked nearest %s zone: %s (%.1f km / %.1f nm)', bestKind, bestZone:GetName(), distKm, distNm))
    else
      _msgGroup(group, 'Smoke not available in this environment.')
    end
  end)

  -- Smoke all nearby zones within range
  CMD('Smoke All Nearby Zones (5km)', navRoot, function()
    local unit = group:GetUnit(1)
    if not unit or not unit:IsAlive() then return end
    
    local maxRange = 5000  -- 5km in meters
    
    -- Get unit position
    local uname = unit:GetName()
    local du = Unit.getByName and Unit.getByName(uname) or nil
    if not du or not du:getPoint() then
      _msgGroup(group, 'Unable to determine your position.')
      return
    end
    local up = du:getPoint()
    local ux, uz = up.x, up.z
    
    -- Helper function to calculate distance and smoke a zone if in range
    local function smokeZoneIfInRange(zoneName, zoneObj, zoneType, smokeColor)
      if not zoneObj then return false end
      
      -- Get zone center
      local center
      if self._getZoneCenterAndRadius then 
        center = select(1, self:_getZoneCenterAndRadius(zoneObj)) 
      end
      if not center and zoneObj.GetPointVec3 then
        local v3 = zoneObj:GetPointVec3()
        center = { x = v3.x, y = v3.y or 0, z = v3.z }
      end
      
      if not center then return false end
      
      -- Calculate distance
      local dx = center.x - ux
      local dz = center.z - uz
      local dist = math.sqrt(dx*dx + dz*dz)
      
      if dist <= maxRange then
        -- Apply smoke offset system
        local smokeConfig = self.Config.CrateSmoke or {}
        local smokePos = {
          x = center.x,
          y = land.getHeight({x = center.x, y = center.z}),
          z = center.z
        }
        local offsetMeters = tonumber(smokeConfig.OffsetMeters) or 5
        local offsetRandom = (smokeConfig.OffsetRandom ~= false)
        local offsetVertical = tonumber(smokeConfig.OffsetVertical) or 2
        
        if offsetMeters > 0 then
          local angle = 0
          if offsetRandom then
            angle = math.random() * 2 * math.pi
          end
          smokePos.x = smokePos.x + offsetMeters * math.cos(angle)
          smokePos.z = smokePos.z + offsetMeters * math.sin(angle)
        end
        smokePos.y = smokePos.y + offsetVertical
        
        -- Spawn smoke
        local coord = COORDINATE:New(smokePos.x, smokePos.y, smokePos.z)
        if coord and coord.Smoke then
          if smokeColor == trigger.smokeColor.Green then
            coord:SmokeGreen()
          elseif smokeColor == trigger.smokeColor.Red then
            coord:SmokeRed()
          elseif smokeColor == trigger.smokeColor.White then
            coord:SmokeWhite()
          elseif smokeColor == trigger.smokeColor.Orange then
            coord:SmokeOrange()
          elseif smokeColor == trigger.smokeColor.Blue then
            coord:SmokeBlue()
          else
            coord:SmokeGreen()
          end
        else
          trigger.action.smoke(smokePos, smokeColor)
        end
        
        return true, dist
      end
      
      return false, dist
    end
    
    -- Helper to get color name
    local function getColorName(color)
      if color == trigger.smokeColor.Green then return "Green"
      elseif color == trigger.smokeColor.Red then return "Red"
      elseif color == trigger.smokeColor.White then return "White"
      elseif color == trigger.smokeColor.Orange then return "Orange"
      elseif color == trigger.smokeColor.Blue then return "Blue"
      else return "Unknown" end
    end
    
    local count = 0
    local zones = {}
    
    -- Check Pickup zones
    local pickupDefs = self:_collectActivePickupDefs()
    for _, def in ipairs(pickupDefs or {}) do
      local mz = _findZone(def)
      if mz then
        -- Check for zone-specific smoke override, then fall back to config default
        local zdef = self._ZoneDefs and self._ZoneDefs.PickupZones and self._ZoneDefs.PickupZones[def.name]
        local smokeColor = (zdef and zdef.smoke) or self.Config.PickupZoneSmokeColor or trigger.smokeColor.Green
        local smoked, dist = smokeZoneIfInRange(def.name, mz, 'Pickup', smokeColor)
        if smoked then
          count = count + 1
          local zp = mz:GetPointVec3()
          local brg = _bearingDeg({ x = ux, z = uz }, { x = zp.x, z = zp.z })
          table.insert(zones, string.format('Pickup: %s - %.1f km @ %03d° (%s)', def.name, dist/1000, brg, getColorName(smokeColor)))
        end
      end
    end
    
    -- Check Drop zones
    for _, mz in ipairs(self.DropZones or {}) do
      if mz and mz.GetName then
        local n = mz:GetName()
        if (self._ZoneActive and self._ZoneActive.Drop and self._ZoneActive.Drop[n] ~= false) then
          local smokeColor = trigger.smokeColor.Red
          local smoked, dist = smokeZoneIfInRange(n, mz, 'Drop', smokeColor)
          if smoked then
            count = count + 1
            local zp = mz:GetPointVec3()
            local brg = _bearingDeg({ x = ux, z = uz }, { x = zp.x, z = zp.z })
            table.insert(zones, string.format('Drop: %s - %.1f km @ %03d° (%s)', n, dist/1000, brg, getColorName(smokeColor)))
          end
        end
      end
    end
    
    -- Check FOB zones
    for _, mz in ipairs(self.FOBZones or {}) do
      if mz and mz.GetName then
        local n = mz:GetName()
        if (self._ZoneActive and self._ZoneActive.FOB and self._ZoneActive.FOB[n] ~= false) then
          local smokeColor = trigger.smokeColor.White
          local smoked, dist = smokeZoneIfInRange(n, mz, 'FOB', smokeColor)
          if smoked then
            count = count + 1
            local zp = mz:GetPointVec3()
            local brg = _bearingDeg({ x = ux, z = uz }, { x = zp.x, z = zp.z })
            table.insert(zones, string.format('FOB: %s - %.1f km @ %03d° (%s)', n, dist/1000, brg, getColorName(smokeColor)))
          end
        end
      end
    end
    
    -- Check MASH zones
    if CTLD._mashZones then
      for name, data in pairs(CTLD._mashZones) do
        if data and data.side == self.Side and data.zone then
          local smokeColor = trigger.smokeColor.Orange
          local smoked, dist = smokeZoneIfInRange(name, data.zone, 'MASH', smokeColor)
          if smoked then
            count = count + 1
            local zp = data.zone:GetPointVec3()
            local brg = _bearingDeg({ x = ux, z = uz }, { x = zp.x, z = zp.z })
            table.insert(zones, string.format('MASH: %s - %.1f km @ %03d° (%s)', name, dist/1000, brg, getColorName(smokeColor)))
          end
        end
      end
    end
    
    if count == 0 then
      _msgGroup(group, string.format('No zones found within %.1f km.', maxRange/1000), 10)
    else
      local msg = string.format('Smoked %d zone(s) within %.1f km:\n%s', count, maxRange/1000, table.concat(zones, '\n'))
      _msgGroup(group, msg, 15)
    end
  end)

  -- Navigation -> MEDEVAC menu items (if MEDEVAC enabled)
  if CTLD.MEDEVAC and CTLD.MEDEVAC.Enabled then
    CMD('Vectors to Nearest MEDEVAC Crew', navRoot, function()
      local unit = group:GetUnit(1)
      if not unit or not unit:IsAlive() then return end
      
      local pos = unit:GetPointVec3()
      local isMetric = _getPlayerIsMetric(unit)
      local nearest = nil
      local nearestDist = math.huge
      
      -- Find nearest crew of same coalition
      for crewName, crewData in pairs(CTLD._medevacCrews or {}) do
        if crewData.side == self.Side and not crewData.pickedUp then
          local dx = crewData.position.x - pos.x
          local dz = crewData.position.z - pos.z
          local dist = math.sqrt(dx*dx + dz*dz)
          
          if dist < nearestDist then
            nearestDist = dist
            nearest = crewData
          end
        end
      end
      
      if not nearest then
        _msgGroup(group, 'No active MEDEVAC requests.')
        return
      end
      
      local brg = _bearingDeg({ x = pos.x, z = pos.z }, { x = nearest.position.x, z = nearest.position.z })
      local v, u = _fmtRange(nearestDist, isMetric)
      
      -- Calculate time remaining until timeout
      local cfg = CTLD.MEDEVAC
      local timeoutAt = nearest.spawnTime + (cfg.CrewTimeout or 3600)
      local timeRemain = math.max(0, math.floor((timeoutAt - timer.getTime()) / 60))
      
      _msgGroup(group, _fmtTemplate(CTLD.Messages.medevac_vectors, {
        vehicle = nearest.vehicleType,
        brg = brg,
        rng = v,
        rng_u = u,
        time_remain = timeRemain
      }))
    end)
    
    CMD('Vectors to Nearest MASH', navRoot, function()
      local unit = group:GetUnit(1)
      if not unit or not unit:IsAlive() then return end
      
      local pos = unit:GetPointVec3()
      local isMetric = _getPlayerIsMetric(unit)
      local nearest = nil
      local nearestDist = math.huge
      
      -- Find nearest MASH of same coalition
      for _, mashData in pairs(CTLD._mashZones or {}) do
        if mashData.side == self.Side then
          local dx = mashData.position.x - pos.x
          local dz = mashData.position.z - pos.z
          local dist = math.sqrt(dx*dx + dz*dz)
          
          if dist < nearestDist then
            nearestDist = dist
            nearest = mashData
          end
        end
      end
      
      if not nearest then
        _msgGroup(group, 'No active MASH zones.')
        return
      end
      
      local brg = _bearingDeg({ x = pos.x, z = pos.z }, { x = nearest.position.x, z = nearest.position.z })
      local v, u = _fmtRange(nearestDist, isMetric)
      local mashName = nearest.isMobile and ('Mobile MASH ' .. (nearest.id:match('_(%d+)$') or '?')) or nearest.catalogKey
      
      _msgGroup(group, string.format('Nearest MASH: %s, bearing %d°, range %s %s', mashName, brg, v, u))
    end)
  end

  -- Hover Coach (at end of Navigation submenu)
  CMD('Hover Coach: Enable', navRoot, function()
    CTLD._coachOverride = CTLD._coachOverride or {}
    CTLD._coachOverride[gname] = true
    _eventSend(self, group, nil, 'coach_enabled', {})
  end)
  CMD('Hover Coach: Disable', navRoot, function()
    CTLD._coachOverride = CTLD._coachOverride or {}
    CTLD._coachOverride[gname] = false
    _eventSend(self, group, nil, 'coach_disabled', {})
  end)

  -- Admin/Help
  -- Status & map controls
  CMD('Show CTLD Status', adminRoot, function()
    local crates = 0
    for _ in pairs(CTLD._crates) do crates = crates + 1 end
    local msg = string.format('CTLD Status:\nActive crates: %d\nPickup zones: %d\nDrop zones: %d\nFOB zones: %d\nBuild Confirm: %s (%ds window)\nBuild Cooldown: %s (%ds)'
      , crates, #(self.PickupZones or {}), #(self.DropZones or {}), #(self.FOBZones or {})
      , self.Config.BuildConfirmEnabled and 'ON' or 'OFF', self.Config.BuildConfirmWindowSeconds or 0
      , self.Config.BuildCooldownEnabled and 'ON' or 'OFF', self.Config.BuildCooldownSeconds or 0)
    
    -- Add MEDEVAC info if enabled
    if CTLD.MEDEVAC and CTLD.MEDEVAC.Enabled then
      local activeRequests = 0
      for _, data in pairs(CTLD._medevacCrews or {}) do
        if data.side == self.Side and not data.pickedUp then
          activeRequests = activeRequests + 1
        end
      end
      local salvage = CTLD._salvagePoints[self.Side] or 0
      local mashCount = 0
      for _, m in pairs(CTLD._mashZones or {}) do
        if m.side == self.Side then mashCount = mashCount + 1 end
      end
      msg = msg .. string.format('\n\nMEDEVAC:\nActive requests: %d\nMASH zones: %d\nSalvage points: %d', 
        activeRequests, mashCount, salvage)
    end
    
    MESSAGE:New(msg, 20):ToGroup(group)
  end)
  CMD('Draw CTLD Zones on Map', adminRoot, function()
    self:DrawZonesOnMap()
    MESSAGE:New('CTLD zones drawn on F10 map.', 8):ToGroup(group)
  end)
  CMD('Clear CTLD Map Drawings', adminRoot, function()
    self:ClearMapDrawings()
    MESSAGE:New('CTLD map drawings cleared.', 8):ToGroup(group)
  end)
  
  -- MEDEVAC Statistics (if enabled)
  if CTLD.MEDEVAC and CTLD.MEDEVAC.Enabled and CTLD.MEDEVAC.Statistics and CTLD.MEDEVAC.Statistics.Enabled then
    CMD('Show MEDEVAC Statistics', adminRoot, function()
      local stats = CTLD._medevacStats[self.Side] or {}
      local lines = {}
      table.insert(lines, 'MEDEVAC Statistics:')
      table.insert(lines, '')
      table.insert(lines, string.format('Crews spawned: %d', stats.spawned or 0))
      table.insert(lines, string.format('Crews rescued: %d', stats.rescued or 0))
      table.insert(lines, string.format('Delivered to MASH: %d', stats.delivered or 0))
      table.insert(lines, string.format('Timed out: %d', stats.timedOut or 0))
      table.insert(lines, string.format('Killed in action: %d', stats.killed or 0))
      table.insert(lines, '')
      table.insert(lines, string.format('Vehicles respawned: %d', stats.vehiclesRespawned or 0))
      table.insert(lines, string.format('Salvage earned: %d', stats.salvageEarned or 0))
      table.insert(lines, string.format('Salvage used: %d', stats.salvageUsed or 0))
      table.insert(lines, string.format('Current salvage: %d', CTLD._salvagePoints[self.Side] or 0))
      
      MESSAGE:New(table.concat(lines, '\n'), 30):ToGroup(group)
    end)
  end

  -- Admin/Help -> Debug
  local debugMenu = MENU_GROUP:New(group, 'Debug', adminRoot)
  CMD('Enable verbose logging', debugMenu, function()
    self.Config.LogLevel = LOG_DEBUG
    _logInfo(string.format('[%s] Verbose/Debug logging ENABLED via Admin menu', tostring(self.Side)))
    MESSAGE:New('CTLD verbose logging ENABLED (LogLevel=4)', 8):ToGroup(group)
  end)
  CMD('Normal logging (INFO)', debugMenu, function()
    self.Config.LogLevel = LOG_INFO
    _logInfo(string.format('[%s] Logging set to INFO level via Admin menu', tostring(self.Side)))
    MESSAGE:New('CTLD logging set to INFO (LogLevel=2)', 8):ToGroup(group)
  end)
  CMD('Minimal logging (ERRORS only)', debugMenu, function()
    self.Config.LogLevel = LOG_ERROR
    _logInfo(string.format('[%s] Logging set to ERROR-only via Admin menu', tostring(self.Side)))
    MESSAGE:New('CTLD logging set to ERRORS only (LogLevel=1)', 8):ToGroup(group)
  end)
  CMD('Disable all logging', debugMenu, function()
    self.Config.LogLevel = LOG_NONE
    MESSAGE:New('CTLD logging DISABLED (LogLevel=0)', 8):ToGroup(group)
  end)

  -- Admin/Help -> Player Guides (moved earlier)

  return root
end

-- Create or refresh the filtered "In Stock Here" menu for a group.
-- If rootMenu is provided, (re)create under that. Otherwise, reuse previous stored root.
function CTLD:_BuildOrRefreshInStockMenu(group, rootMenu)
  if not (self.Config.Inventory and self.Config.Inventory.Enabled and self.Config.Inventory.HideZeroStockMenu) then return end
  if not group or not group:IsAlive() then return end
  local gname = group:GetName()
  -- remove previous menu if present and rootMenu not explicitly provided
  local existing = CTLD._inStockMenus[gname]
  if existing and existing.menu and (rootMenu == nil) then
    pcall(function() existing.menu:Remove() end)
    CTLD._inStockMenus[gname] = nil
  end

  local parent = rootMenu or (self.MenusByGroup and self.MenusByGroup[gname])
  if not parent then return end

  -- Create a fresh submenu root
  local inRoot = MENU_GROUP:New(group, 'Request Crate (In Stock Here)', parent)
  CTLD._inStockMenus[gname] = { menu = inRoot }

  -- Find nearest active pickup zone
  local unit = group:GetUnit(1)
  if not unit or not unit:IsAlive() then return end
  local zone, dist = self:_nearestActivePickupZone(unit)
  if not zone then
    MENU_GROUP_COMMAND:New(group, 'No active supply zone nearby', inRoot, function()
      -- Inform and also provide vectors to nearest configured zone if any
      _eventSend(self, group, nil, 'no_pickup_zones', {})
      -- Fallback: try any configured pickup zone (ignoring active state) for helpful vectors
      local list = self.Config and self.Config.Zones and self.Config.Zones.PickupZones or {}
      if list and #list > 0 then
        local unit = group:GetUnit(1)
        if unit and unit:IsAlive() then
          local fallbackZone, fallbackDist = _nearestZonePoint(unit, list)
          if fallbackZone then
            local up = unit:GetPointVec3(); local zp = fallbackZone:GetPointVec3()
            local brg = _bearingDeg({x=up.x,z=up.z}, {x=zp.x,z=zp.z})
            local isMetric = _getPlayerIsMetric(unit)
            local rngV, rngU = _fmtRange(fallbackDist or 0, isMetric)
            _eventSend(self, group, nil, 'vectors_to_pickup_zone', { zone = fallbackZone:GetName(), brg = brg, rng = rngV, rng_u = rngU })
          end
        end
      end
    end)
    -- Still add a refresh item
    MENU_GROUP_COMMAND:New(group, 'Refresh In-Stock List', inRoot, function() self:_BuildOrRefreshInStockMenu(group) end)
    return
  end
  local zname = zone:GetName()
  local maxd = self.Config.PickupZoneMaxDistance or 10000
  if not dist or dist > maxd then
    MENU_GROUP_COMMAND:New(group, string.format('Nearest zone %s is beyond limit (%.0f m).', zname, dist or 0), inRoot, function()
      local isMetric = _getPlayerIsMetric(unit)
      local v, u = _fmtRange(math.max(0, (dist or 0) - maxd), isMetric)
      local up = unit:GetPointVec3(); local zp = zone:GetPointVec3()
      local brg = _bearingDeg({x=up.x,z=up.z}, {x=zp.x,z=zp.z})
      _eventSend(self, group, nil, 'pickup_zone_required', { zone_dist = v, zone_dist_u = u, zone_brg = brg })
    end)
    MENU_GROUP_COMMAND:New(group, 'Refresh In-Stock List', inRoot, function() self:_BuildOrRefreshInStockMenu(group) end)
    return
  end

  -- Info and refresh commands at top
  MENU_GROUP_COMMAND:New(group, string.format('Nearest Supply: %s', zname), inRoot, function()
    local up = unit:GetPointVec3(); local zp = zone:GetPointVec3()
    local brg = _bearingDeg({x=up.x,z=up.z}, {x=zp.x,z=zp.z})
    local isMetric = _getPlayerIsMetric(unit)
    local rngV, rngU = _fmtRange(dist or 0, isMetric)
    _eventSend(self, group, nil, 'vectors_to_pickup_zone', { zone = zname, brg = brg, rng = rngV, rng_u = rngU })
  end)
  MENU_GROUP_COMMAND:New(group, 'Refresh In-Stock List', inRoot, function() self:_BuildOrRefreshInStockMenu(group) end)

  -- Build commands for items with stock > 0 at this zone; single-unit entries only
  local inStock = {}
  local stock = CTLD._stockByZone[zname] or {}
  for key,def in pairs(self.Config.CrateCatalog or {}) do
    local sideOk = (not def.side) or def.side == self.Side
    local isSingle = (type(def.requires) ~= 'table')
    if sideOk and isSingle then
      local cnt = tonumber(stock[key] or 0) or 0
      if cnt > 0 then
        table.insert(inStock, { key = key, def = def, cnt = cnt })
      end
    end
  end
  -- Stable sort by menu label for consistency
  table.sort(inStock, function(a,b)
    local la = (a.def and (a.def.menu or a.def.description)) or a.key
    local lb = (b.def and (b.def.menu or b.def.description)) or b.key
    return tostring(la) < tostring(lb)
  end)

  if #inStock == 0 then
    MENU_GROUP_COMMAND:New(group, 'None in stock at this zone', inRoot, function()
      _msgGroup(group, string.format('No crates in stock at %s.', zname))
    end)
  else
    for _,it in ipairs(inStock) do
      local base = (it.def and (it.def.menu or it.def.description)) or it.key
      local total = self:_recipeTotalCrates(it.def)
      local suffix = (total == 1) and '1 crate' or (tostring(total)..' crates')
      local label = string.format('%s (%s) [%d available]', base, suffix, it.cnt)
      MENU_GROUP_COMMAND:New(group, label, inRoot, function()
        self:RequestCrateForGroup(group, it.key)
        -- After requesting, refresh to reflect the decremented stock
        timer.scheduleFunction(function() self:_BuildOrRefreshInStockMenu(group) end, {}, timer.getTime() + 0.1)
      end)
    end
  end
end

-- Create or refresh the dynamic Build (Advanced) menu for a group.
function CTLD:_BuildOrRefreshBuildAdvancedMenu(group, rootMenu)
  if not group or not group:IsAlive() then return end
  -- Clear previous dynamic children if any by recreating the submenu root when rootMenu passed
  -- We'll remove and recreate inner items by making a temporary child root
  local gname = group:GetName()
  -- Remove existing dynamic children by creating a fresh inner menu under the provided root
  local dynRoot = MENU_GROUP:New(group, 'Buildable Near You', rootMenu)

  local unit = group:GetUnit(1)
  if not unit or not unit:IsAlive() then return end
  local p = unit:GetPointVec3()
  local here = { x = p.x, z = p.z }
  local hdgRad, _ = _headingRadDeg(unit)
  local buildOffset = math.max(0, tonumber(self.Config.BuildSpawnOffset or 0) or 0)
  local spawnAt = (buildOffset > 0) and { x = here.x + math.sin(hdgRad) * buildOffset, z = here.z + math.cos(hdgRad) * buildOffset } or { x = here.x, z = here.z }
  local radius = self.Config.BuildRadius or 60
  local nearby = self:GetNearbyCrates(here, radius)
  local filtered = {}
  for _,c in ipairs(nearby) do if c.meta.side == self.Side then table.insert(filtered, c) end end
  nearby = filtered
  -- Count by key
  local counts = {}
  for _,c in ipairs(nearby) do counts[c.meta.key] = (counts[c.meta.key] or 0) + 1 end
  -- Include carried crates if allowed
  if self.Config.BuildRequiresGroundCrates ~= true then
    local gname = group:GetName()
    local carried = CTLD._loadedCrates[gname]
    if carried and carried.byKey then
      for k,v in pairs(carried.byKey) do counts[k] = (counts[k] or 0) + v end
    end
  end
  -- FOB restriction context
  local insideFOBZone = select(1, self:IsPointInFOBZones(here))

  -- Build list of buildable recipes
  local items = {}
  for key,cat in pairs(self.Config.CrateCatalog or {}) do
    local sideOk = (not cat.side) or cat.side == self.Side
    if sideOk and cat and cat.build then
      local ok = false
      if type(cat.requires) == 'table' then
        ok = true
        for reqKey,qty in pairs(cat.requires) do if (counts[reqKey] or 0) < (qty or 0) then ok = false; break end end
      else
        ok = ((counts[key] or 0) >= (cat.required or 1))
      end
      if ok then
        if not (cat.isFOB and self.Config.RestrictFOBToZones and not insideFOBZone) then
          table.insert(items, { key = key, def = cat })
        end
      end
    end
  end

  if #items == 0 then
    MENU_GROUP_COMMAND:New(group, 'None buildable here. Drop required crates close to your aircraft.', dynRoot, function()
      MESSAGE:New('No buildable items with nearby crates. Use Recipe Info to check requirements.', 10):ToGroup(group)
    end)
    return
  end

  -- Stable ordering by label
  table.sort(items, function(a,b)
    local la = (a.def and (a.def.menu or a.def.description)) or a.key
    local lb = (b.def and (b.def.menu or b.def.description)) or b.key
    return tostring(la) < tostring(lb)
  end)

  -- Create per-item submenus
  local function CMD(title, parent, cb)
    return MENU_GROUP_COMMAND:New(group, title, parent, function()
      local ok, err = pcall(cb)
      if not ok then _logVerbose('BuildAdv menu error: '..tostring(err)); MESSAGE:New('CTLD menu error: '..tostring(err), 8):ToGroup(group) end
    end)
  end

  for _,it in ipairs(items) do
    local label = (it.def and (it.def.menu or it.def.description)) or it.key
    local perItem = MENU_GROUP:New(group, label, dynRoot)
    -- Hold Position
    CMD('Build [Hold Position]', perItem, function()
      self:BuildSpecificAtGroup(group, it.key, { behavior = 'defend' })
    end)
    -- Attack variant (render even if canAttackMove=false; we message accordingly)
    local vr = (self.Config.AttackAI and self.Config.AttackAI.VehicleSearchRadius) or 5000
    CMD(string.format('Build [Attack (%dm)]', vr), perItem, function()
      if it.def and it.def.canAttackMove == false then
        MESSAGE:New('This unit is static or not suited to move; it will hold position.', 8):ToGroup(group)
        self:BuildSpecificAtGroup(group, it.key, { behavior = 'defend' })
      else
        self:BuildSpecificAtGroup(group, it.key, { behavior = 'attack' })
      end
    end)
  end
end

-- Build a specific recipe at the group position if crates permit; supports behavior opts
function CTLD:BuildSpecificAtGroup(group, recipeKey, opts)
  local unit = group:GetUnit(1)
  if not unit or not unit:IsAlive() then return end
  -- Reuse Build cooldown/confirm logic
  local now = timer.getTime()
  local gname = group:GetName()
  if self.Config.BuildCooldownEnabled then
    local last = CTLD._buildCooldown[gname]
    if last and (now - last) < (self.Config.BuildCooldownSeconds or 60) then
      local rem = math.max(0, math.ceil((self.Config.BuildCooldownSeconds or 60) - (now - last)))
      _msgGroup(group, string.format('Build on cooldown. Try again in %ds.', rem))
      return
    end
  end
  if self.Config.BuildConfirmEnabled then
    local first = CTLD._buildConfirm[gname]
    local win = self.Config.BuildConfirmWindowSeconds or 10
    if not first or (now - first) > win then
      CTLD._buildConfirm[gname] = now
      _msgGroup(group, string.format('Confirm build: select again within %ds to proceed.', win))
      return
    else
      CTLD._buildConfirm[gname] = nil
    end
  end

  local def = self.Config.CrateCatalog[recipeKey]
  if not def or not def.build then _msgGroup(group, 'Unknown or unbuildable recipe: '..tostring(recipeKey)); return end

  local p = unit:GetPointVec3()
  local here = { x = p.x, z = p.z }
  local hdgRad, hdgDeg = _headingRadDeg(unit)
  local buildOffset = math.max(0, tonumber(self.Config.BuildSpawnOffset or 0) or 0)
  local spawnAt = (buildOffset > 0) and { x = here.x + math.sin(hdgRad) * buildOffset, z = here.z + math.cos(hdgRad) * buildOffset } or { x = here.x, z = here.z }
  local radius = self.Config.BuildRadius or 60
  local nearby = self:GetNearbyCrates(here, radius)
  local filtered = {}
  for _,c in ipairs(nearby) do if c.meta.side == self.Side then table.insert(filtered, c) end end
  nearby = filtered
  if #nearby == 0 and self.Config.BuildRequiresGroundCrates ~= true then
    -- still can build using carried crates
  elseif #nearby == 0 then
    _eventSend(self, group, nil, 'build_insufficient_crates', { build = def.description or recipeKey })
    return
  end

  -- Count by key
  local counts = {}
  for _,c in ipairs(nearby) do counts[c.meta.key] = (counts[c.meta.key] or 0) + 1 end
  -- Include carried crates
  local carried = CTLD._loadedCrates[gname]
  if self.Config.BuildRequiresGroundCrates ~= true then
    if carried and carried.byKey then for k,v in pairs(carried.byKey) do counts[k] = (counts[k] or 0) + v end end
  end

  -- Helper to consume crates of a given key/qty (prefers carried when allowed)
  local function consumeCrates(key, qty)
    local removed = 0
    if self.Config.BuildRequiresGroundCrates ~= true then
      if carried and carried.byKey and (carried.byKey[key] or 0) > 0 then
        local take = math.min(qty, carried.byKey[key])
        carried.byKey[key] = carried.byKey[key] - take
        if carried.byKey[key] <= 0 then carried.byKey[key] = nil end
        carried.total = math.max(0, (carried.total or 0) - take)
        removed = removed + take
      end
    end
    for _,c in ipairs(nearby) do
      if removed >= qty then break end
      if c.meta.key == key then
        local obj = StaticObject.getByName(c.name)
        if obj then obj:destroy() end
        _cleanupCrateSmoke(c.name)  -- Clean up smoke refresh schedule
        CTLD._crates[c.name] = nil
        removed = removed + 1
      end
    end
  end

  -- FOB restriction check
  if def.isFOB and self.Config.RestrictFOBToZones then
    local inside = select(1, self:IsPointInFOBZones(here))
    if not inside then _eventSend(self, group, nil, 'fob_restricted', {}); return end
  end

  -- Special-case: SAM Site Repair/Augment entries (isRepair)
  if def.isRepair == true or tostring(recipeKey):find('_REPAIR', 1, true) then
    -- Map recipe key family to a template definition
    local function identifyTemplate(key)
      if key:find('HAWK', 1, true) then
        return {
          name='HAWK', side=def.side or self.Side,
          baseUnits={ {type='Hawk sr', dx=12, dz=8}, {type='Hawk tr', dx=-12, dz=8}, {type='Hawk pcp', dx=18, dz=12}, {type='Hawk cwar', dx=-18, dz=12} },
          launcherType='Hawk ln', launcherStart={dx=0, dz=0}, launcherStep={dx=6, dz=0}, maxLaunchers=6
        }
      elseif key:find('PATRIOT', 1, true) then
        return {
          name='PATRIOT', side=def.side or self.Side,
          baseUnits={ {type='Patriot str', dx=14, dz=10}, {type='Patriot ECS', dx=-14, dz=10} },
          launcherType='Patriot ln', launcherStart={dx=0, dz=0}, launcherStep={dx=8, dz=0}, maxLaunchers=6
        }
      elseif key:find('KUB', 1, true) then
        return {
          name='KUB', side=def.side or self.Side,
          baseUnits={ {type='Kub 1S91 str', dx=12, dz=8} },
          launcherType='Kub 2P25 ln', launcherStart={dx=0, dz=0}, launcherStep={dx=6, dz=0}, maxLaunchers=3
        }
      elseif key:find('BUK', 1, true) then
        return {
          name='BUK', side=def.side or self.Side,
          baseUnits={ {type='SA-11 Buk SR 9S18M1', dx=12, dz=8}, {type='SA-11 Buk CC 9S470M1', dx=-12, dz=8} },
          launcherType='SA-11 Buk LN 9A310M1', launcherStart={dx=0, dz=0}, launcherStep={dx=6, dz=0}, maxLaunchers=6
        }
      end
      return nil
    end

    local tpl = identifyTemplate(tostring(recipeKey))
    if not tpl then _msgGroup(group, 'No matching SAM site type for repair: '..tostring(recipeKey)); return end

    -- Determine how many repair crates to apply
    local cratesAvail = counts[recipeKey] or 0
    if cratesAvail <= 0 then _eventSend(self, group, nil, 'build_insufficient_crates', { build = def.description or recipeKey }); return end

    -- Find nearest existing site group that matches template
    local function vec2(u)
      local p = u:getPoint(); return { x = p.x, z = p.z }
    end
    local function dist2(a,b)
      local dx, dz = a.x-b.x, a.z-b.z; return math.sqrt(dx*dx+dz*dz)
    end
    local searchR = math.max(250, (self.Config.BuildRadius or 60) * 10)
    local groups = coalition.getGroups(tpl.side, Group.Category.GROUND) or {}
    local here2 = { x = here.x, z = here.z }
    local bestG, bestD, bestInfo = nil, 1e9, nil
    for _,g in ipairs(groups) do
      if g and g:isExist() then
        local units = g:getUnits() or {}
        if #units > 0 then
          -- Compute center and count types
          local cx, cz = 0, 0
          local byType = {}
          for _,u in ipairs(units) do
            local pt = u:getPoint(); cx = cx + pt.x; cz = cz + pt.z
            local tname = u:getTypeName() or ''
            byType[tname] = (byType[tname] or 0) + 1
          end
          cx = cx / #units; cz = cz / #units
          local d = dist2(here2, { x = cx, z = cz })
          if d <= searchR then
            -- Check presence of base units (at least 1 each)
            local ok = true
            for _,u in ipairs(tpl.baseUnits) do if (byType[u.type] or 0) < 1 then ok = false; break end end
            -- Require at least 1 launcher or allow 0 (initial repair to full base)? we'll allow 0 too.
            if ok then
              if d < bestD then
                bestG, bestD = g, d
                bestInfo = { byType = byType, center = { x = cx, z = cz }, headingDeg = function()
                  local h = 0; local leader = units[1]; if leader and leader.isExist and leader:isExist() then h = math.deg(leader:getHeading() or 0) end; return h
                end }
              end
            end
          end
        end
      end
    end

    if not bestG then
      _msgGroup(group, 'No matching SAM site found nearby to repair/augment.')
      return
    end

    -- Current launchers in site
    local curLaunchers = (bestInfo.byType[tpl.launcherType] or 0)
    local maxL = tpl.maxLaunchers or (curLaunchers + cratesAvail)
    local canAdd = math.max(0, (maxL - curLaunchers))
    if canAdd <= 0 then
      _msgGroup(group, 'SAM site is already at max launchers.')
      return
    end
    local addNum = math.min(cratesAvail, canAdd)

    -- Build new group composition: base units + (curLaunchers + addNum) launchers
    local function buildSite(point, headingDeg, side, launcherCount)
      local hdg = math.rad(headingDeg or 0)
      local function off(dx, dz)
        -- rotate offsets by heading
        local s, c = math.sin(hdg), math.cos(hdg)
        local rx = dx * c + dz * s
        local rz = -dx * s + dz * c
        return { x = point.x + rx, z = point.z + rz }
      end
      local units = {}
      -- Place launchers in a row starting at launcherStart and stepping by launcherStep
      for i=0, (launcherCount-1) do
        local dx = (tpl.launcherStart.dx or 0) + (tpl.launcherStep.dx or 0) * i
        local dz = (tpl.launcherStart.dz or 0) + (tpl.launcherStep.dz or 0) * i
        local p = off(dx, dz)
        table.insert(units, { type = tpl.launcherType, name = string.format('CTLD-%s-%d', tpl.launcherType, math.random(100000,999999)), x = p.x, y = p.z, heading = hdg })
      end
      -- Place base units at their template offsets
      for _,u in ipairs(tpl.baseUnits) do
        local p = off(u.dx or 0, u.dz or 0)
        table.insert(units, { type = u.type, name = string.format('CTLD-%s-%d', u.type, math.random(100000,999999)), x = p.x, y = p.z, heading = hdg })
      end
      return { visible=false, lateActivation=false, tasks={}, task='Ground Nothing', route={}, units=units, name=string.format('CTLD_SITE_%d', math.random(100000,999999)) }
    end

    _eventSend(self, group, nil, 'build_started', { build = def.description or recipeKey })
    -- Destroy old group, spawn new one
    local oldName = bestG:getName()
    local newLauncherCount = curLaunchers + addNum
    local center = bestInfo.center
    local headingDeg = bestInfo.headingDeg()
    if Group.getByName(oldName) then pcall(function() Group.getByName(oldName):destroy() end) end
    local gdata = buildSite({ x = center.x, z = center.z }, headingDeg, tpl.side, newLauncherCount)
    local newG = _coalitionAddGroup(tpl.side, Group.Category.GROUND, gdata, self.Config)
    if not newG then _eventSend(self, group, nil, 'build_failed', { reason = 'DCS group spawn error' }); return end
    -- Consume used repair crates
    consumeCrates(recipeKey, addNum)
    _eventSend(self, nil, self.Side, 'build_success_coalition', { build = (def.description or recipeKey), player = _playerNameFromGroup(group) })
    if self.Config.BuildCooldownEnabled then CTLD._buildCooldown[gname] = now end
    return
  end

  -- Verify counts and build
  if type(def.requires) == 'table' then
    for reqKey,qty in pairs(def.requires) do if (counts[reqKey] or 0) < (qty or 0) then _eventSend(self, group, nil, 'build_insufficient_crates', { build = def.description or recipeKey }); return end end
  local gdata = def.build({ x = spawnAt.x, z = spawnAt.z }, hdgDeg, def.side or self.Side)
    _eventSend(self, group, nil, 'build_started', { build = def.description or recipeKey })
    local g = _coalitionAddGroup(def.side or self.Side, def.category or Group.Category.GROUND, gdata, self.Config)
    if not g then _eventSend(self, group, nil, 'build_failed', { reason = 'DCS group spawn error' }); return end
  self:_maybeRegisterJTAC(recipeKey, def, g)
    for reqKey,qty in pairs(def.requires) do consumeCrates(reqKey, qty or 0) end
    _eventSend(self, nil, self.Side, 'build_success_coalition', { build = def.description or recipeKey, player = _playerNameFromGroup(group) })
    if def.isFOB then pcall(function() self:_CreateFOBPickupZone({ x = spawnAt.x, z = spawnAt.z }, def, hdg) end) end
    if def.isMobileMASH then pcall(function() self:_CreateMobileMASH(g, { x = spawnAt.x, z = spawnAt.z }, def) end) end
    -- behavior
    local behavior = opts and opts.behavior or nil
    if behavior == 'attack' and (def.canAttackMove ~= false) and self.Config.AttackAI and self.Config.AttackAI.Enabled then
      local t = self:_assignAttackBehavior(g:getName(), spawnAt, true)
      local isMetric = _getPlayerIsMetric(group:GetUnit(1))
      if t and t.kind == 'base' then
        local brg = _bearingDeg(spawnAt, t.point)
        local v, u = _fmtRange(t.dist or 0, isMetric)
        _eventSend(self, nil, self.Side, 'attack_base_announce', { unit_name = g:getName(), player = _playerNameFromGroup(group), base_name = t.name, brg = brg, rng = v, rng_u = u })
      elseif t and t.kind == 'enemy' then
        local brg = _bearingDeg(spawnAt, t.point)
        local v, u = _fmtRange(t.dist or 0, isMetric)
        _eventSend(self, nil, self.Side, 'attack_enemy_announce', { unit_name = g:getName(), player = _playerNameFromGroup(group), enemy_type = t.etype or 'unit', brg = brg, rng = v, rng_u = u })
      else
        local v, u = _fmtRange((self.Config.AttackAI and self.Config.AttackAI.VehicleSearchRadius) or 5000, isMetric)
        _eventSend(self, nil, self.Side, 'attack_no_targets', { unit_name = g:getName(), player = _playerNameFromGroup(group), rng = v, rng_u = u })
      end
    elseif behavior == 'attack' and def.canAttackMove == false then
      MESSAGE:New('This unit is static or not suited to move; it will hold position.', 8):ToGroup(group)
    end
    if self.Config.BuildCooldownEnabled then CTLD._buildCooldown[gname] = now end
    return
  else
    -- single-key
    local need = def.required or 1
    if (counts[recipeKey] or 0) < need then _eventSend(self, group, nil, 'build_insufficient_crates', { build = def.description or recipeKey }); return end
  local gdata = def.build({ x = spawnAt.x, z = spawnAt.z }, hdgDeg, def.side or self.Side)
    _eventSend(self, group, nil, 'build_started', { build = def.description or recipeKey })
    local g = _coalitionAddGroup(def.side or self.Side, def.category or Group.Category.GROUND, gdata, self.Config)
    if not g then _eventSend(self, group, nil, 'build_failed', { reason = 'DCS group spawn error' }); return end
  self:_maybeRegisterJTAC(recipeKey, def, g)
    consumeCrates(recipeKey, need)
    _eventSend(self, nil, self.Side, 'build_success_coalition', { build = def.description or recipeKey, player = _playerNameFromGroup(group) })
    -- behavior
    local behavior = opts and opts.behavior or nil
    if behavior == 'attack' and (def.canAttackMove ~= false) and self.Config.AttackAI and self.Config.AttackAI.Enabled then
      local t = self:_assignAttackBehavior(g:getName(), spawnAt, true)
      local isMetric = _getPlayerIsMetric(group:GetUnit(1))
      if t and t.kind == 'base' then
        local brg = _bearingDeg(spawnAt, t.point)
        local v, u = _fmtRange(t.dist or 0, isMetric)
        _eventSend(self, nil, self.Side, 'attack_base_announce', { unit_name = g:getName(), player = _playerNameFromGroup(group), base_name = t.name, brg = brg, rng = v, rng_u = u })
      elseif t and t.kind == 'enemy' then
        local brg = _bearingDeg(spawnAt, t.point)
        local v, u = _fmtRange(t.dist or 0, isMetric)
        _eventSend(self, nil, self.Side, 'attack_enemy_announce', { unit_name = g:getName(), player = _playerNameFromGroup(group), enemy_type = t.etype or 'unit', brg = brg, rng = v, rng_u = u })
      else
        local v, u = _fmtRange((self.Config.AttackAI and self.Config.AttackAI.VehicleSearchRadius) or 5000, isMetric)
        _eventSend(self, nil, self.Side, 'attack_no_targets', { unit_name = g:getName(), player = _playerNameFromGroup(group), rng = v, rng_u = u })
      end
    elseif behavior == 'attack' and def.canAttackMove == false then
      MESSAGE:New('This unit is static or not suited to move; it will hold position.', 8):ToGroup(group)
    end
    if self.Config.BuildCooldownEnabled then CTLD._buildCooldown[gname] = now end
    return
  end
end

function CTLD:_definitionIsJTAC(def)
  if not def then return false end
  if def.isJTAC == true then return true end
  if type(def.jtac) == 'table' and def.jtac.enabled ~= false then return true end
  if type(def.roles) == 'table' then
    for _, role in ipairs(def.roles) do
      if tostring(role):upper() == 'JTAC' then
        return true
      end
    end
  end
  return false
end

function CTLD:_maybeRegisterJTAC(recipeKey, def, dcsGroup)
  if not (self.Config.JTAC and self.Config.JTAC.Enabled) then return end
  if not self:_definitionIsJTAC(def) then return end
  if not dcsGroup then return end
  self:_registerJTACGroup(recipeKey, def, dcsGroup)
end

function CTLD:_reserveJTACCode(side, groupName)
  local pool = self.Config.JTAC and self.Config.JTAC.LaserCodes or { '1688' }
  if not CTLD._jtacReservedCodes then
    CTLD._jtacReservedCodes = { [coalition.side.BLUE] = {}, [coalition.side.RED] = {}, [coalition.side.NEUTRAL] = {} }
  end
  CTLD._jtacReservedCodes[side] = CTLD._jtacReservedCodes[side] or {}
  for _, code in ipairs(pool) do
    code = tostring(code)
    if not CTLD._jtacReservedCodes[side][code] then
      CTLD._jtacReservedCodes[side][code] = groupName
      return code
    end
  end
  local fallback = tostring(pool[1] or '1688')
  _logVerbose(string.format('JTAC laser code pool exhausted for side %s, reusing %s', tostring(side), fallback))
  return fallback
end

function CTLD:_releaseJTACCode(side, code, groupName)
  if not code then return end
  code = tostring(code)
  if CTLD._jtacReservedCodes and CTLD._jtacReservedCodes[side] then
    if CTLD._jtacReservedCodes[side][code] == groupName then
      CTLD._jtacReservedCodes[side][code] = nil
    end
  end
end

function CTLD:_registerJTACGroup(recipeKey, def, dcsGroup)
  if not (dcsGroup and dcsGroup.getName) then return end
  local groupName = dcsGroup:getName()
  if not groupName then return end

  self:_cleanupJTACEntry(groupName) -- ensure stale entry cleared

  local side = dcsGroup:getCoalition() or self.Side
  local code = self:_reserveJTACCode(side, groupName)
  local platform = 'ground'
  if def and def.jtac and def.jtac.platform then
    platform = tostring(def.jtac.platform)
  elseif def and def.category == Group.Category.AIRPLANE then
    platform = 'air'
  end
  local cfgSmoke = self.Config.JTAC and self.Config.JTAC.Smoke or {}
  local smokeColor = (side == coalition.side.BLUE) and cfgSmoke.ColorBlue or cfgSmoke.ColorRed

  local entry = {
    groupName = groupName,
    recipeKey = recipeKey,
    def = def,
    side = side,
    code = code,
    platform = platform,
    smokeColor = smokeColor,
    nextScan = timer.getTime() + 2,
    smokeNext = 0,
    lockType = def and def.jtac and def.jtac.lock,
  }

  local friendlyName = (def and self:_friendlyNameForKey(recipeKey)) or groupName
  entry.displayName = friendlyName
  entry.lastState = 'onstation'

  self._jtacRegistry[groupName] = entry

  self:_announceJTAC('jtac_onstation', entry, {
    jtac = friendlyName,
    code = code,
  })

  _logInfo(string.format('JTAC %s registered (code %s)', groupName, code))
end

function CTLD:_announceJTAC(msgKey, entry, payload)
  if not entry then return end
  local cfg = self.Config.JTAC and self.Config.JTAC.Announcements
  if not (cfg and cfg.Enabled ~= false) then return end
  local tpl = CTLD.Messages[msgKey]
  if not tpl then return end
  local data = payload or {}
  data.jtac = data.jtac or entry.displayName or entry.groupName
  data.code = data.code or entry.code
  local text = _fmtTemplate(tpl, data)
  if text and text ~= '' then
    _msgCoalition(entry.side or self.Side, text, cfg.Duration or self.Config.MessageDuration)
  end
end

function CTLD:_cleanupJTACEntry(groupName)
  local entry = self._jtacRegistry and self._jtacRegistry[groupName]
  if not entry then return end
  self:_cancelJTACSpots(entry)
  self:_releaseJTACCode(entry.side or self.Side, entry.code, groupName)
  self._jtacRegistry[groupName] = nil
end

function CTLD:_cancelJTACSpots(entry)
  if not entry then return end
  if entry.laserSpot then
    pcall(function() Spot.destroy(entry.laserSpot) end)
    entry.laserSpot = nil
  end
  if entry.irSpot then
    pcall(function() Spot.destroy(entry.irSpot) end)
    entry.irSpot = nil
  end
end

function CTLD:_tickJTACs()
  if not self._jtacRegistry then return end
  if not next(self._jtacRegistry) then return end
  local now = timer.getTime()
  for groupName, entry in pairs(self._jtacRegistry) do
    if not entry.nextScan or now >= entry.nextScan then
      local ok, err = pcall(function()
        self:_processJTACEntry(groupName, entry, now)
      end)
      if not ok then
        _logError(string.format('JTAC tick error for %s: %s', tostring(groupName), tostring(err)))
        entry.nextScan = now + 10
      end
    end
  end
end

function CTLD:_processJTACEntry(groupName, entry, now)
  local cfg = self.Config.JTAC or {}
  local autoCfg = cfg.AutoLase or {}
  if autoCfg.Enabled == false then
    self:_cancelJTACSpots(entry)
    entry.nextScan = now + 30
    return
  end
  local group = Group.getByName(groupName)
  if not group or not group:isExist() then
    self:_cleanupJTACEntry(groupName)
    return
  end

  local units = group:getUnits() or {}
  if #units == 0 then
    self:_cancelJTACSpots(entry)
    entry.nextScan = now + (autoCfg.TransportHoldSeconds or 10)
    return
  end

  local jtacUnit = units[1]
  if not jtacUnit or jtacUnit:getLife() <= 0 or not jtacUnit:isActive() then
    self:_cleanupJTACEntry(groupName)
    return
  end

  entry.jtacUnitName = entry.jtacUnitName or jtacUnit:getName()
  entry.displayName = entry.displayName or entry.jtacUnitName or groupName

  local jtacPoint = jtacUnit:getPoint()
  local searchRadius = tonumber(autoCfg.SearchRadius) or 8000

  local current = entry.currentTarget
  local targetUnit = nil
  local targetStatus = nil

  if current and current.name then
    local candidate = Unit.getByName(current.name)
    if candidate and candidate:isExist() and candidate:getLife() > 0 then
      local tgtPoint = candidate:getPoint()
      local dist = _distance3d(tgtPoint, jtacPoint)
      if dist <= searchRadius and _hasLineOfSight(jtacPoint, tgtPoint) then
        targetUnit = candidate
        current.lastSeen = now
        current.distance = dist
      else
        targetStatus = 'lost'
      end
    else
      targetStatus = 'destroyed'
    end
    if targetStatus then
      if targetStatus == 'destroyed' then
        if entry.lastState ~= 'destroyed' then
          self:_announceJTAC('jtac_target_destroyed', entry, {
            jtac = entry.displayName,
            target = current.label or current.name,
            code = entry.code,
          })
          entry.lastState = 'destroyed'
        end
      else
        if entry.lastState ~= 'lost' then
          self:_announceJTAC('jtac_target_lost', entry, {
            jtac = entry.displayName,
            target = current.label or current.name,
          })
          entry.lastState = 'lost'
        end
      end
      entry.currentTarget = nil
      targetUnit = nil
      self:_cancelJTACSpots(entry)
      entry.nextScan = now + (targetStatus == 'lost' and (autoCfg.LostRetrySeconds or 10) or 5)
    end
  end

  if not targetUnit then
  local lockPref = entry.lockType or cfg.LockType or 'all'
  local selection = self:_findJTACNewTarget(entry, jtacPoint, searchRadius, lockPref)
    if selection then
      targetUnit = selection.unit
      entry.currentTarget = {
        name = targetUnit:getName(),
        label = targetUnit:getTypeName(),
        firstSeen = now,
        lastSeen = now,
        distance = selection.distance,
      }
      local grid = self:_GetMGRSString(targetUnit:getPoint())
      local newState = 'target:'..(entry.currentTarget.name or '')
      if entry.lastState ~= newState then
        self:_announceJTAC('jtac_new_target', entry, {
          jtac = entry.displayName,
          target = targetUnit:getTypeName(),
          code = entry.code,
          grid = grid,
        })
        entry.lastState = newState
      end
    end
  end

  if targetUnit then
    self:_updateJTACSpots(entry, jtacUnit, targetUnit)
    entry.nextScan = now + (autoCfg.RefreshSeconds or 15)
  else
    self:_cancelJTACSpots(entry)
    entry.nextScan = now + (autoCfg.IdleRescanSeconds or 30)
    if entry.lastState ~= 'idle' then
      self:_announceJTAC('jtac_idle', entry, {
        jtac = entry.displayName,
      })
      entry.lastState = 'idle'
    end
  end
end

function CTLD:_findJTACNewTarget(entry, jtacPoint, radius, lockType)
  local enemy = _enemySide(entry and entry.side or self.Side)
  local best
  local lock = (lockType or 'all'):lower()
  local ok, groups = pcall(function()
    return coalition.getGroups(enemy, Group.Category.GROUND) or {}
  end)
  if not ok then
    groups = {}
  end

  for _, grp in ipairs(groups) do
    if grp and grp:isExist() then
      local units = grp:getUnits()
      if units then
        for _, unit in ipairs(units) do
          if unit and unit:isExist() and unit:isActive() and unit:getLife() > 0 then
            local skip = false
            if lock == 'troop' and not _isDcsInfantry(unit) then skip = true end
            if lock == 'vehicle' and _isDcsInfantry(unit) then skip = true end
            if not skip then
              local pos = unit:getPoint()
              local dist = _distance3d(pos, jtacPoint)
              if dist <= radius and _hasLineOfSight(jtacPoint, pos) then
                local score = _jtacTargetScore(unit)
                if not best or score > best.score or (score == best.score and dist < best.distance) then
                  best = { unit = unit, score = score, distance = dist }
                end
              end
            end
          end
        end
      end
    end
  end

  return best
end

function CTLD:_updateJTACSpots(entry, jtacUnit, targetUnit)
  if not (entry and jtacUnit and targetUnit) then return end
  local codeNumber = tonumber(entry.code) or 1688
  local targetPoint = targetUnit:getPoint()
  targetPoint = _vec3(targetPoint.x, targetPoint.y + 2.0, targetPoint.z)
  local origin = { x = 0, y = 2.0, z = 0 }

  if not entry.laserSpot or not entry.irSpot then
    local ok, res = pcall(function()
      local spots = {}
      spots.ir = Spot.createInfraRed(jtacUnit, origin, targetPoint)
      spots.laser = Spot.createLaser(jtacUnit, origin, targetPoint, codeNumber)
      return spots
    end)
    if ok and res then
      entry.irSpot = entry.irSpot or res.ir
      entry.laserSpot = entry.laserSpot or res.laser
    else
      _logError(string.format('JTAC spot create failed for %s: %s', tostring(entry.groupName), tostring(res)))
    end
  else
    pcall(function()
      if entry.laserSpot and entry.laserSpot.setPoint then entry.laserSpot:setPoint(targetPoint) end
      if entry.irSpot and entry.irSpot.setPoint then entry.irSpot:setPoint(targetPoint) end
    end)
  end

  local smokeCfg = self.Config.JTAC and self.Config.JTAC.Smoke or {}
  if smokeCfg.Enabled then
    local now = timer.getTime()
    if not entry.smokeNext or now >= entry.smokeNext then
      local color = entry.smokeColor or smokeCfg.ColorBlue or trigger.smokeColor.White
      local pos = targetUnit:getPoint()
      local offset = tonumber(smokeCfg.OffsetMeters) or 0
      if offset > 0 then
        local ang = math.random() * math.pi * 2
        pos.x = pos.x + math.cos(ang) * offset
        pos.z = pos.z + math.sin(ang) * offset
      end
      pcall(function()
        trigger.action.smoke({ x = pos.x, y = pos.y, z = pos.z }, color)
      end)
      entry.smokeNext = now + (smokeCfg.RefreshSeconds or 300)
    end
  end
end

function CTLD:BuildCoalitionMenus(root)
  -- Optional: implement coalition-level crate spawns at pickup zones
  for key,_ in pairs(self.Config.CrateCatalog) do
    MENU_COALITION_COMMAND:New(self.Side, 'Spawn '..key..' at nearest Pickup Zone', root, function()
      -- Not group-context; skip here
      _msgCoalition(self.Side, 'Group menus recommended for crate requests')
    end)
  end
end

function CTLD:InitCoalitionAdminMenu()
  if self.AdminMenu then return end
  -- Ensure we have a coalition-level CTLD parent menu to nest Admin/Help under
  local rootCaption = (self.Config and self.Config.UseGroupMenus) and 'CTLD Admin' or 'CTLD'
  self.MenuRoot = self.MenuRoot or MENU_COALITION:New(self.Side, rootCaption)
  local root = MENU_COALITION:New(self.Side, 'Admin/Help', self.MenuRoot)
  -- Player Help submenu (moved to top of Admin/Help)
  local helpMenu = MENU_COALITION:New(self.Side, 'Player Help', root)
  -- Removed standalone "Repair - How To" in favor of consolidated SAM Sites help
  MENU_COALITION_COMMAND:New(self.Side, 'Zones - Guide', helpMenu, function()
    local lines = {}
    table.insert(lines, 'CTLD Zones - Guide')
    table.insert(lines, '')
    table.insert(lines, 'Zone types:')
    table.insert(lines, '- Pickup (Supply): Request crates and load troops here. Crate requests require proximity to an ACTIVE pickup zone (default within 10 km).')
    table.insert(lines, '- Drop: Mission-defined delivery or rally areas. Some missions may require delivery or deployment at these zones (see briefing).')
    table.insert(lines, '- FOB: Forward Operating Base areas. Some recipes (FOB Site) can be built here; if FOB restriction is enabled, FOB-only builds must be inside an FOB zone.')
    table.insert(lines, '')
    table.insert(lines, 'Colors and map marks:')
    table.insert(lines, '- Pickup zone crate spawns are marked with smoke in the configured color. Admin/Help -> Draw CTLD Zones on Map draws zone circles and labels on F10.')
    table.insert(lines, '- Use Admin/Help -> Clear CTLD Map Drawings to remove the drawings. Drawings are read-only if configured.')
    table.insert(lines, '')
    table.insert(lines, 'How to use zones:')
    table.insert(lines, '- To request crates: move within the pickup zone distance and use CTLD -> Request Crate.')
    table.insert(lines, '- To load troops: must be inside a Pickup zone if troop loading restriction is enabled.')
    table.insert(lines, '- Navigation: CTLD -> Coach & Nav -> Vectors to Nearest Pickup Zone gives bearing and range.')
    table.insert(lines, '- Activation: Zones can be active/inactive per mission logic; inactive pickup zones block crate requests.')
    table.insert(lines, '')
    table.insert(lines, string.format('- Build Radius: about %d m to collect nearby crates when building.', self.Config.BuildRadius or 60))
    table.insert(lines, string.format('- Pickup Zone Max Distance: about %d m to request crates (configurable).', self.Config.PickupZoneMaxDistance or 10000))
    _msgCoalition(self.Side, table.concat(lines, '\n'), 40)
  end)
  MENU_COALITION_COMMAND:New(self.Side, 'Inventory - How It Works', helpMenu, function()
    local inv = self.Config.Inventory or {}
    local enabled = inv.Enabled ~= false
    local showHint = inv.ShowStockInMenu == true
    local fobPct = math.floor(((inv.FOBStockFactor or 0.25) * 100) + 0.5)
    local lines = {}
    table.insert(lines, 'CTLD Inventory - How It Works')
    table.insert(lines, '')
    table.insert(lines, 'Overview:')
    table.insert(lines, '- Inventory is tracked per Supply (Pickup) Zone and per FOB. Requests consume stock at that location.')
    table.insert(lines, string.format('- Inventory is %s.', enabled and 'ENABLED' or 'DISABLED'))
    table.insert(lines, '')
    table.insert(lines, 'Starting stock:')
    table.insert(lines, '- Each configured Supply Zone is seeded from the catalog initialStock for every crate type at mission start.')
    table.insert(lines, string.format('- When you build a FOB, it creates a small Supply Zone with stock seeded at ~%d%% of initialStock.', fobPct))
    table.insert(lines, '')
    table.insert(lines, 'Requesting crates:')
    table.insert(lines, '- You must be within range of an ACTIVE Supply Zone to request crates; stock is decremented on spawn.')
    table.insert(lines, '- If out of stock for a type at that zone, requests are denied for that type until resupplied (mission logic).')
    table.insert(lines, '')
    table.insert(lines, 'UI hints:')
    table.insert(lines, string.format('- Show stock in menu labels: %s.', showHint and 'ON' or 'OFF'))
    table.insert(lines, '- Some missions may include an "In Stock Here" list showing only items available at the nearest zone.')
    _msgCoalition(self.Side, table.concat(lines, '\n'), 40)
  end)
  MENU_COALITION_COMMAND:New(self.Side, 'CTLD Basics (2-minute tour)', helpMenu, function()
    local isMetric = true
    local lines = {}
    table.insert(lines, 'CTLD Basics - 2 minute tour')
    table.insert(lines, '')
    table.insert(lines, 'Loop: Request -> Deliver -> Build -> Fight')
    table.insert(lines, '- Request crates at an ACTIVE Supply Zone (Pickup).')
    table.insert(lines, '- Deliver crates to the build point (within Build Radius).')
    table.insert(lines, '- Build units or sites with "Build Here" (confirm + cooldown).')
    table.insert(lines, '- Optional: set Attack or Defend behavior when building.')
    table.insert(lines, '')
    table.insert(lines, 'Key concepts:')
    table.insert(lines, '- Zones: Pickup (supply), Drop (mission targets), FOB (forward supply).')
    table.insert(lines, '- Inventory: stock is tracked per zone; requests consume stock there.')
    table.insert(lines, '- FOBs: building one creates a local supply point with seeded stock.')
    table.insert(lines, '- Advanced: SAM site repair crates, AI attack orders, EWR/JTAC support.')
    _msgCoalition(self.Side, table.concat(lines, '\n'), 35)
  end)
  MENU_COALITION_COMMAND:New(self.Side, 'Troop Transport & JTAC Use', helpMenu, function()
    local lines = {}
    table.insert(lines, 'Troop Transport & JTAC Use')
    table.insert(lines, '')
    table.insert(lines, 'Troops:')
    table.insert(lines, '- Load inside an ACTIVE Supply Zone (if mission enforces it).')
    table.insert(lines, '- Deploy with Defend (hold) or Attack (advance to targets/bases).')
    table.insert(lines, '- Attack uses a search radius and moves at configured speed.')
    table.insert(lines, '')
    table.insert(lines, 'JTAC:')
    table.insert(lines, '- Build JTAC units (MRAP/Tigr or drones) to support target marking.')
    table.insert(lines, '- JTAC helps with target designation/SA; details depend on mission setup.')
    _msgCoalition(self.Side, table.concat(lines, '\n'), 35)
  end)
  MENU_COALITION_COMMAND:New(self.Side, 'Crates 101: Requesting and Handling', helpMenu, function()
    local lines = {}
    table.insert(lines, 'Crates 101 - Requesting and Handling')
    table.insert(lines, '')
    table.insert(lines, '- Request crates near an ACTIVE Supply Zone; max distance is configurable.')
    table.insert(lines, '- Menu labels show the total crates required for a recipe.')
    table.insert(lines, '- Drop crates close together but avoid overlap; smoke marks spawns.')
    table.insert(lines, '- Use Coach & Nav tools: vectors to nearest pickup zone, re-mark crate with smoke.')
    _msgCoalition(self.Side, table.concat(lines, '\n'), 35)
  end)
  MENU_COALITION_COMMAND:New(self.Side, 'Hover Pickup & Slingloading', helpMenu, function()
    local coachCfg = CTLD.HoverCoachConfig or {}
    local aglMin = (coachCfg.thresholds and coachCfg.thresholds.aglMin) or 5
    local aglMax = (coachCfg.thresholds and coachCfg.thresholds.aglMax) or 20
    local capGS = (coachCfg.thresholds and coachCfg.thresholds.captureGS) or (4/3.6)
    local hold = (coachCfg.thresholds and coachCfg.thresholds.stabilityHold) or 1.8
    local lines = {}
    table.insert(lines, 'Hover Pickup & Slingloading')
    table.insert(lines, '')
    table.insert(lines, string.format('- Hover pickup: hold AGL %d-%d m, speed < %.1f m/s, for ~%.1f s to auto-load.', aglMin, aglMax, capGS, hold))
    table.insert(lines, '- Keep steady within ~15 m of the crate; Hover Coach gives cues if enabled.')
    table.insert(lines, '- Slingloading tips: avoid rotor wash over stacks; approach from upwind; re-mark crate with smoke if needed.')
    _msgCoalition(self.Side, table.concat(lines, '\n'), 35)
  end)
  MENU_COALITION_COMMAND:New(self.Side, 'Build System: Build Here and Advanced', helpMenu, function()
    local br = self.Config.BuildRadius or 60
    local win = self.Config.BuildConfirmWindowSeconds or 10
    local cd = self.Config.BuildCooldownSeconds or 60
    local lines = {}
    table.insert(lines, 'Build System - Build Here and Advanced')
    table.insert(lines, '')
    table.insert(lines, string.format('- Build Here collects crates within ~%d m. Double-press within %d s to confirm.', br, win))
    table.insert(lines, string.format('- Cooldown: about %d s per group after a successful build.', cd))
    table.insert(lines, '- Advanced Build lets you choose Defend (hold) or Attack (move).')
    table.insert(lines, '- Static or unsuitable units will hold even if Attack is chosen.')
    table.insert(lines, '- FOB-only recipes must be inside an FOB zone when restriction is enabled.')
    _msgCoalition(self.Side, table.concat(lines, '\n'), 40)
  end)
  MENU_COALITION_COMMAND:New(self.Side, 'FOBs: Forward Supply & Why They Matter', helpMenu, function()
    local fobPct = math.floor(((self.Config.Inventory and self.Config.Inventory.FOBStockFactor or 0.25) * 100) + 0.5)
    local lines = {}
    table.insert(lines, 'FOBs - Forward Supply and Why They Matter')
    table.insert(lines, '')
    table.insert(lines, '- Build a FOB by assembling its crate recipe (see Recipe Info).')
    table.insert(lines, string.format('- A new local Supply Zone is created and seeded at ~%d%% of initial stock.', fobPct))
    table.insert(lines, '- FOBs shorten logistics legs and increase throughput toward the front.')
    table.insert(lines, '- If enabled, FOB-only builds must occur inside FOB zones.')
    _msgCoalition(self.Side, table.concat(lines, '\n'), 35)
  end)
  MENU_COALITION_COMMAND:New(self.Side, 'SAM Sites: Building, Repairing, and Augmenting', helpMenu, function()
    local br = self.Config.BuildRadius or 60
    local lines = {}
    table.insert(lines, 'SAM Sites - Building, Repairing, and Augmenting')
    table.insert(lines, '')
    table.insert(lines, 'Build:')
    table.insert(lines, '- Assemble site recipes using the required component crates (see menu labels). Build Here will place the full site.')
    table.insert(lines, '')
    table.insert(lines, 'Repair/Augment (merged):')
    table.insert(lines, '- Request the matching "Repair/Launcher +1" crate for your site type (HAWK, Patriot, KUB, BUK).')
    table.insert(lines, string.format('- Drop repair crate(s) within ~%d m of the site, then use Build Here (confirm window applies).', br))
    table.insert(lines, '- The nearest matching site (within a local search) is respawned fully repaired; +1 launcher per crate, up to caps.')
    table.insert(lines, '- Caps: HAWK 6, Patriot 6, KUB 3, BUK 6. Extra crates beyond the cap are not consumed.')
    table.insert(lines, '- Must match coalition and site type; otherwise no changes are applied.')
    table.insert(lines, '- Respawn is required to apply repairs/augmentation due to DCS limitations.')
    table.insert(lines, '')
    table.insert(lines, 'Placement tips:')
    table.insert(lines, '- Space launchers to avoid masking; keep radars with good line-of-sight; avoid fratricide arcs.')
    _msgCoalition(self.Side, table.concat(lines, '\n'), 45)
  end)
  
  -- Debug logging controls
  local debugMenu = MENU_COALITION:New(self.Side, 'Debug Logging', root)
  MENU_COALITION_COMMAND:New(self.Side, 'Enable Verbose (LogLevel 4)', debugMenu, function()
    self.Config.LogLevel = LOG_DEBUG
    _logInfo(string.format('[%s] Verbose/Debug logging ENABLED via Admin menu', tostring(self.Side)))
    _msgCoalition(self.Side, 'CTLD verbose logging ENABLED (LogLevel=4)', 8)
  end)
  MENU_COALITION_COMMAND:New(self.Side, 'Normal INFO (LogLevel 2)', debugMenu, function()
    self.Config.LogLevel = LOG_INFO
    _logInfo(string.format('[%s] Logging set to INFO level via Admin menu', tostring(self.Side)))
    _msgCoalition(self.Side, 'CTLD logging set to INFO (LogLevel=2)', 8)
  end)
  MENU_COALITION_COMMAND:New(self.Side, 'Errors Only (LogLevel 1)', debugMenu, function()
    self.Config.LogLevel = LOG_ERROR
    _logInfo(string.format('[%s] Logging set to ERROR-only via Admin menu', tostring(self.Side)))
    _msgCoalition(self.Side, 'CTLD logging: ERRORS only (LogLevel=1)', 8)
  end)
  MENU_COALITION_COMMAND:New(self.Side, 'Disable All (LogLevel 0)', debugMenu, function()
    self.Config.LogLevel = LOG_NONE
    _msgCoalition(self.Side, 'CTLD logging DISABLED (LogLevel=0)', 8)
  end)
  MENU_COALITION_COMMAND:New(self.Side, 'Show CTLD Status (crates/zones)', root, function()
    local crates = 0
    for _ in pairs(CTLD._crates) do crates = crates + 1 end
    local msg = string.format('CTLD Status:\nActive crates: %d\nPickup zones: %d\nDrop zones: %d\nFOB zones: %d\nBuild Confirm: %s (%ds window)\nBuild Cooldown: %s (%ds)'
      , crates, #(self.PickupZones or {}), #(self.DropZones or {}), #(self.FOBZones or {})
      , self.Config.BuildConfirmEnabled and 'ON' or 'OFF', self.Config.BuildConfirmWindowSeconds or 0
      , self.Config.BuildCooldownEnabled and 'ON' or 'OFF', self.Config.BuildCooldownSeconds or 0)
    _msgCoalition(self.Side, msg, 20)
  end)
  MENU_COALITION_COMMAND:New(self.Side, 'Show Coalition Summary', root, function()
    self:ShowCoalitionSummary()
  end)
  MENU_COALITION_COMMAND:New(self.Side, 'Draw CTLD Zones on Map', root, function()
    self:DrawZonesOnMap()
    _msgCoalition(self.Side, 'CTLD zones drawn on F10 map.', 8)
  end)
  MENU_COALITION_COMMAND:New(self.Side, 'Clear CTLD Map Drawings', root, function()
    self:ClearMapDrawings()
    _msgCoalition(self.Side, 'CTLD map drawings cleared.', 8)
  end)
  -- Player Help submenu (was below; removed there and added above)
  self.AdminMenu = root
end
-- #endregion Menus

-- =========================
-- Coalition Summary
-- =========================
-- #region Coalition Summary
function CTLD:ShowCoalitionSummary()
  -- Crate counts per type (this coalition)
  local perType = {}
  local total = 0
  for _,meta in pairs(CTLD._crates) do
    if meta.side == self.Side then
      perType[meta.key] = (perType[meta.key] or 0) + 1
      total = total + 1
    end
  end
  local lines = {}
  table.insert(lines, string.format('CTLD Coalition Summary (%s)', (self.Side==coalition.side.BLUE and 'BLUE') or (self.Side==coalition.side.RED and 'RED') or 'NEUTRAL'))
  -- Crate timeout information first (lifetime is in seconds; 0 disables cleanup)
  local lifeSec = tonumber(self.Config.CrateLifetime or 0) or 0
  if lifeSec > 0 then
    local mins = math.floor((lifeSec + 30) / 60)
    table.insert(lines, string.format('Crate Timeout: %d mins (Crates will despawn to prevent clutter)', mins))
  else
    table.insert(lines, 'Crate Timeout: Disabled')
  end
  table.insert(lines, string.format('Active crates: %d', total))
  if next(perType) then
    table.insert(lines, 'Crates by type:')
    -- stable order: sort keys alphabetically
    local keys = {}
    for k,_ in pairs(perType) do table.insert(keys, k) end
    table.sort(keys)
    for _,k in ipairs(keys) do
      table.insert(lines, string.format('  %s: %d', k, perType[k]))
    end
  else
    table.insert(lines, 'Crates by type: (none)')
  end

  -- Nearby buildable recipes for each active player
  table.insert(lines, '\nBuildable near players:')
  local players = coalition.getPlayers(self.Side) or {}
  if #players == 0 then
    table.insert(lines, '  (no active players)')
  else
    for _,u in ipairs(players) do
      local g = u:getGroup()
      local gname = g and g:getName() or u:getName() or 'Group'
      local pos = u:getPoint()
      local here = { x = pos.x, z = pos.z }
      local radius = self.Config.BuildRadius or 60
      local nearby = self:GetNearbyCrates(here, radius)
      local counts = {}
      for _,c in ipairs(nearby) do if c.meta.side == self.Side then counts[c.meta.key] = (counts[c.meta.key] or 0) + 1 end end
      -- include carried crates if allowed
      if self.Config.BuildRequiresGroundCrates ~= true then
        local lc = CTLD._loadedCrates[gname]
        if lc and lc.byKey then for k,v in pairs(lc.byKey) do counts[k] = (counts[k] or 0) + v end end
      end
      local insideFOB, _ = self:IsPointInFOBZones(here)
      local buildable = {}
      -- composite recipes first
      for recipeKey,cat in pairs(self.Config.CrateCatalog) do
        if type(cat.requires) == 'table' and cat.build then
          if not (cat.isFOB and self.Config.RestrictFOBToZones and not insideFOB) then
            local ok = true
            for reqKey,qty in pairs(cat.requires) do if (counts[reqKey] or 0) < qty then ok = false; break end end
            if ok then table.insert(buildable, cat.description or recipeKey) end
          end
        end
      end
      -- single-key
      for key,cat in pairs(self.Config.CrateCatalog) do
        if cat and cat.build and (not cat.requires) then
          if not (cat.isFOB and self.Config.RestrictFOBToZones and not insideFOB) then
            if (counts[key] or 0) >= (cat.required or 1) then table.insert(buildable, cat.description or key) end
          end
        end
      end
      if #buildable == 0 then
        table.insert(lines, string.format('  %s: none', gname))
      else
        -- limit to keep message short
        local maxShow = 6
        local shown = {}
        for i=1, math.min(#buildable, maxShow) do table.insert(shown, buildable[i]) end
        local suffix = (#buildable > maxShow) and string.format(' (+%d more)', #buildable - maxShow) or ''
        table.insert(lines, string.format('  %s: %s%s', gname, table.concat(shown, ', '), suffix))
      end
    end
  end

  -- Quick help card
  table.insert(lines, '\nQuick Help:')
  table.insert(lines, '- Request crates: CTLD → Request Crate (near Pickup Zones).')
  table.insert(lines, '- Build: double-press "Build Here" within '..tostring(self.Config.BuildConfirmWindowSeconds or 10)..'s; cooldown '..tostring(self.Config.BuildCooldownSeconds or 60)..'s per group.')
  table.insert(lines, '- Hover Coach: CTLD → Coach & Nav → Enable/Disable; vectors to crates/zones available.')
  table.insert(lines, '- Manage crates: Drop One/All from CTLD menu; build consumes nearby crates.')

  _msgCoalition(self.Side, table.concat(lines, '\n'), 25)
end
-- #endregion Coalition Summary

-- =========================
-- Crates
-- =========================
-- #region Crates
-- Note: Menu creation lives in the Menus region; this section handles crate request/spawn/nearby/cleanup only.
function CTLD:RequestCrateForGroup(group, crateKey)
  local cat = self.Config.CrateCatalog[crateKey]
  if not cat then _msgGroup(group, 'Unknown crate type: '..tostring(crateKey)) return end
  local unit = group:GetUnit(1)
  if not unit or not unit:IsAlive() then return end
  local zone, dist = self:_nearestActivePickupZone(unit)
  local defs = self:_collectActivePickupDefs()
  local hasPickupZones = (#defs > 0)
  local spawnPoint
  local maxd = (self.Config.PickupZoneMaxDistance or 10000)
  -- Announce request
  local zoneName = zone and zone:GetName() or (hasPickupZones and 'nearest zone' or 'NO PICKUP ZONES CONFIGURED')
  _eventSend(self, group, nil, 'crate_spawn_requested', { type = tostring(crateKey), zone = zoneName })

  if not hasPickupZones and self.Config.RequirePickupZoneForCrateRequest then
    _eventSend(self, group, nil, 'no_pickup_zones', {})
    return
  end

  if zone and dist and dist <= maxd then
    -- Compute a random spawn point within the pickup zone to avoid stacking crates
    local center = zone:GetPointVec3()
    local rZone = self:_getZoneRadius(zone)
    local edgeBuf = math.max(0, self.Config.PickupZoneSpawnEdgeBuffer or 10)
    local minOff = math.max(0, self.Config.PickupZoneSpawnMinOffset or 5)
    local rMax = math.max(0, (rZone or 150) - edgeBuf)
    local tries = math.max(1, self.Config.CrateSpawnSeparationTries or 6)
    local minSep = math.max(0, self.Config.CrateSpawnMinSeparation or 7)

    local function candidate()
      if (self.Config.PickupZoneSpawnRandomize == false) or rMax <= 0 then
        return { x = center.x, z = center.z }
      end
      local rr
      if rMax > minOff then
        rr = minOff + math.sqrt(math.random()) * (rMax - minOff)
      else
        rr = rMax
      end
      local th = math.random() * 2 * math.pi
      return { x = center.x + rr * math.cos(th), z = center.z + rr * math.sin(th) }
    end

    local function isClear(pt)
      if minSep <= 0 then return true end
      for _,meta in pairs(CTLD._crates) do
        if meta and meta.side == self.Side and meta.point then
          local dx = (meta.point.x - pt.x)
          local dz = (meta.point.z - pt.z)
          if (dx*dx + dz*dz) < (minSep*minSep) then return false end
        end
      end
      return true
    end

    local chosen = candidate()
    if not isClear(chosen) then
      for _=1,tries-1 do
        local c = candidate()
        if isClear(c) then chosen = c; break end
      end
    end
    spawnPoint = { x = chosen.x, z = chosen.z }
    -- (Smoke will be spawned after crate creation so we can pass the crate ID for refresh scheduling)
  else
    -- Either require a pickup zone proximity, or fallback to near-aircraft spawn (legacy behavior)
    if self.Config.RequirePickupZoneForCrateRequest then
      local isMetric = _getPlayerIsMetric(unit)
      local v, u = _fmtRange(math.max(0, dist - maxd), isMetric)
      local brg = 0
      if zone then
        local up = unit:GetPointVec3(); local zp = zone:GetPointVec3()
        brg = _bearingDeg({x=up.x,z=up.z}, {x=zp.x,z=zp.z})
      end
      _eventSend(self, group, nil, 'pickup_zone_required', { zone_dist = v, zone_dist_u = u, zone_brg = brg })
      return
    else
      -- fallback: spawn near aircraft current position (safe offset)
      local p = unit:GetPointVec3()
      spawnPoint = POINT_VEC3:New(p.x + 10, p.y, p.z + 10)
    end
  end
  -- Enforce per-location inventory before spawning
  local zoneNameForStock = zone and zone:GetName() or nil
  if self.Config.Inventory and self.Config.Inventory.Enabled then
    if not zoneNameForStock then
      _msgGroup(group, 'Crate requests must be at a Supply Zone for stock control.')
      return
    end
    CTLD._stockByZone[zoneNameForStock] = CTLD._stockByZone[zoneNameForStock] or {}
    local cur = tonumber(CTLD._stockByZone[zoneNameForStock][crateKey] or 0) or 0
    if cur <= 0 then
      -- Try salvage system if enabled
      if self:_TryUseSalvageForCrate(group, crateKey, cat) then
        -- Salvage used successfully, continue with crate spawn
        _logVerbose(string.format('[Salvage] Used salvage to spawn %s', crateKey))
      else
        _msgGroup(group, string.format('Out of stock at %s for %s', zoneNameForStock, self:_friendlyNameForKey(crateKey)))
        return
      end
    else
      CTLD._stockByZone[zoneNameForStock][crateKey] = cur - 1
    end
  end

  local cname = string.format('CTLD_CRATE_%s_%d', crateKey, math.random(100000,999999))
  _spawnStaticCargo(self.Side, { x = spawnPoint.x, z = spawnPoint.z }, cat.dcsCargoType or 'uh1h_cargo', cname)
  CTLD._crates[cname] = {
    key = crateKey,
    side = self.Side,
    spawnTime = timer.getTime(),
    point = { x = spawnPoint.x, z = spawnPoint.z },
    requester = group:GetName(),
  }
  
  -- Add to spatial index for efficient hover pickup scanning
  _addToSpatialGrid(cname, CTLD._crates[cname], 'crate')
  
  -- Now that crate is created, spawn smoke with refresh scheduling if enabled
  if zone then
    local zdef = self._ZoneDefs.PickupZones[zone:GetName()]
    local smokeColor = (zdef and zdef.smoke) or self.Config.PickupZoneSmokeColor
    if smokeColor then
      local sx, sz = spawnPoint.x, spawnPoint.z
      local sy = 0
      if land and land.getHeight then
        local ok, h = pcall(land.getHeight, { x = sx, y = sz })
        if ok and type(h) == 'number' then sy = h end
      end
      -- Pass crate ID for smoke refresh scheduling
      _spawnCrateSmoke({ x = sx, y = sy, z = sz }, smokeColor, self.Config.CrateSmoke, cname)
    end
  end
  
  -- Immersive spawn message with bearing/range per player units
  do
    local unitPos = unit:GetPointVec3()
    local from = { x = unitPos.x, z = unitPos.z }
    local to = { x = spawnPoint.x, z = spawnPoint.z }
    local brg = _bearingDeg(from, to)
  local isMetric = _getPlayerIsMetric(unit)
  local rngMeters = math.sqrt(((to.x-from.x)^2)+((to.z-from.z)^2))
  local rngV, rngU = _fmtRange(rngMeters, isMetric)
    local data = {
      id = cname,
      type = tostring(crateKey),
      brg = brg,
      rng = rngV,
      rng_u = rngU,
    }
    _eventSend(self, group, nil, 'crate_spawned', data)
  end
end

-- Convenience: for composite recipes (def.requires), request all component crates in one go
function CTLD:RequestRecipeBundleForGroup(group, recipeKey)
  local def = self.Config.CrateCatalog[recipeKey]
  if not def or type(def.requires) ~= 'table' then
    -- Fallback to single crate request
    return self:RequestCrateForGroup(group, recipeKey)
  end
  local unit = group and group:GetUnit(1)
  if not unit or not unit:IsAlive() then return end
  -- Require proximity to an active pickup zone if inventory is enabled or config requires it
  local zone, dist = self:_nearestActivePickupZone(unit)
  local hasPickupZones = (#self:_collectActivePickupDefs() > 0)
  local maxd = (self.Config.PickupZoneMaxDistance or 10000)
  if self.Config.RequirePickupZoneForCrateRequest and (not zone or not dist or dist > maxd) then
    local isMetric = _getPlayerIsMetric(unit)
    local v, u = _fmtRange(math.max(0, (dist or 0) - maxd), isMetric)
    local brg = 0
    if zone then
      local up = unit:GetPointVec3(); local zp = zone:GetPointVec3()
      brg = _bearingDeg({x=up.x,z=up.z}, {x=zp.x,z=zp.z})
    end
    _eventSend(self, group, nil, 'pickup_zone_required', { zone_dist = v, zone_dist_u = u, zone_brg = brg })
    return
  end
  if (self.Config.Inventory and self.Config.Inventory.Enabled) then
    if not zone then
      _msgGroup(group, 'Crate bundle requests must be at a Supply Zone for stock control.')
      return
    end
    local zname = zone:GetName()
    local stockTbl = CTLD._stockByZone[zname] or {}
    -- Pre-check: ensure we can fulfill at least one bundle (check stock or salvage)
    for reqKey, qty in pairs(def.requires) do
      local have = tonumber(stockTbl[reqKey] or 0) or 0
      local need = tonumber(qty or 0) or 0
      if need > 0 and have < need then
        -- Try salvage for the shortfall
        local catEntry = self.Config.CrateCatalog[reqKey]
        if not self:_CanUseSalvageForCrate(reqKey, catEntry, need - have) then
          _msgGroup(group, string.format('Out of stock at %s for %s bundle: need %d x %s', zname, self:_friendlyNameForKey(recipeKey), need, self:_friendlyNameForKey(reqKey)))
          return
        end
      end
    end
  end
  -- Spawn each required component crate with separate requests (these handle stock decrement + placement)
  for reqKey, qty in pairs(def.requires) do
    local n = tonumber(qty or 0) or 0
    for _=1,n do
      self:RequestCrateForGroup(group, reqKey)
    end
  end
end

function CTLD:GetNearbyCrates(point, radius)
  local result = {}
  for name,meta in pairs(CTLD._crates) do
    local dx = (meta.point.x - point.x)
    local dz = (meta.point.z - point.z)
    local d = math.sqrt(dx*dx + dz*dz)
    if d <= radius then
      table.insert(result, { name = name, meta = meta })
    end
  end
  return result
end

function CTLD:CleanupCrates()
  local now = timer.getTime()
  local life = self.Config.CrateLifetime
  for name,meta in pairs(CTLD._crates) do
    if now - (meta.spawnTime or now) > life then
      local obj = StaticObject.getByName(name)
      if obj then obj:destroy() end
      _cleanupCrateSmoke(name)  -- Clean up smoke refresh schedule
      _removeFromSpatialGrid(name, meta.point, 'crate')  -- Remove from spatial index
      CTLD._crates[name] = nil
      _logDebug('Cleaned up crate '..name)
      -- Notify requester group if still around; else coalition
      local gname = meta.requester
      local group = gname and GROUP:FindByName(gname) or nil
      if group and group:IsAlive() then
        _eventSend(self, group, nil, 'crate_expired', { id = name })
      else
        _eventSend(self, nil, self.Side, 'crate_expired', { id = name })
      end
    end
  end
end

function CTLD:CleanupDeployedTroops()
  -- Remove any deployed troop groups that are dead or no longer exist
  for troopGroupName, troopMeta in pairs(CTLD._deployedTroops) do
    if troopMeta.side == self.Side then
      local troopGroup = GROUP:FindByName(troopGroupName)
      if not troopGroup or not troopGroup:IsAlive() then
        CTLD._deployedTroops[troopGroupName] = nil
        _logDebug('Cleaned up deployed troop group: '..troopGroupName)
      end
    end
  end
end
-- #endregion Crates

-- =========================
-- Build logic
-- =========================
-- #region Build logic
function CTLD:BuildAtGroup(group, opts)
  local unit = group:GetUnit(1)
  if not unit or not unit:IsAlive() then return end
  -- Build cooldown/confirmation guardrails
  local now = timer.getTime()
  local gname = group:GetName()
  if self.Config.BuildCooldownEnabled then
    local last = CTLD._buildCooldown[gname]
    if last and (now - last) < (self.Config.BuildCooldownSeconds or 60) then
      local rem = math.max(0, math.ceil((self.Config.BuildCooldownSeconds or 60) - (now - last)))
      _msgGroup(group, string.format('Build on cooldown. Try again in %ds.', rem))
      return
    end
  end
  if self.Config.BuildConfirmEnabled then
    local first = CTLD._buildConfirm[gname]
    local win = self.Config.BuildConfirmWindowSeconds or 10
    if not first or (now - first) > win then
      CTLD._buildConfirm[gname] = now
      _msgGroup(group, string.format('Confirm build: select "Build Here" again within %ds to proceed.', win))
      return
    else
      -- within window; proceed and clear pending
      CTLD._buildConfirm[gname] = nil
    end
  end
  local p = unit:GetPointVec3()
  local here = { x = p.x, z = p.z }
  -- Compute a safe spawn point offset forward from the aircraft to prevent rotor/ground collisions with spawned units
  local hdgRad, hdgDeg = _headingRadDeg(unit)
  local buildOffset = math.max(0, tonumber(self.Config.BuildSpawnOffset or 0) or 0)
  local spawnAt = (buildOffset > 0) and { x = here.x + math.sin(hdgRad) * buildOffset, z = here.z + math.cos(hdgRad) * buildOffset } or { x = here.x, z = here.z }
  local radius = self.Config.BuildRadius
  local nearby = self:GetNearbyCrates(here, radius)
  -- filter crates to coalition side for this CTLD instance
  local filtered = {}
  for _,c in ipairs(nearby) do
    if c.meta.side == self.Side then table.insert(filtered, c) end
  end
  nearby = filtered
  if #nearby == 0 then
    _eventSend(self, group, nil, 'build_insufficient_crates', { build = 'asset' })
    -- Nudge players to use Recipe Info
    _msgGroup(group, 'Tip: Use CTLD → Recipe Info to see exact crate requirements for each build.')
    return
  end

  -- Count by key
  local counts = {}
  for _,c in ipairs(nearby) do
    counts[c.meta.key] = (counts[c.meta.key] or 0) + 1
  end

  -- Include loaded crates carried by this group
  local carried = CTLD._loadedCrates[gname]
  if self.Config.BuildRequiresGroundCrates ~= true then
    if carried and carried.byKey then
      for k,v in pairs(carried.byKey) do
        counts[k] = (counts[k] or 0) + v
      end
    end
  end

  -- Helper to consume crates of a given key/qty
  local function consumeCrates(key, qty)
    local removed = 0
    -- Optionally consume from carried crates
    if self.Config.BuildRequiresGroundCrates ~= true then
      if carried and carried.byKey and (carried.byKey[key] or 0) > 0 then
        local take = math.min(qty, carried.byKey[key])
        carried.byKey[key] = carried.byKey[key] - take
        if carried.byKey[key] <= 0 then carried.byKey[key] = nil end
        carried.total = math.max(0, (carried.total or 0) - take)
        removed = removed + take
      end
    end
    for _,c in ipairs(nearby) do
      if removed >= qty then break end
      if c.meta.key == key then
        local obj = StaticObject.getByName(c.name)
        if obj then obj:destroy() end
        _cleanupCrateSmoke(c.name)  -- Clean up smoke refresh schedule
        CTLD._crates[c.name] = nil
        removed = removed + 1
      end
    end
  end

  local insideFOBZone, fz = self:IsPointInFOBZones(here)
  local fobBlocked = false
  -- Try composite recipes first (requires is a map of key->qty)
  for recipeKey,cat in pairs(self.Config.CrateCatalog) do
    if type(cat.requires) == 'table' and cat.build then
      if cat.isFOB and self.Config.RestrictFOBToZones and not insideFOBZone then
        fobBlocked = true
      else
        -- Build caps disabled: rely solely on inventory/catalog control
        local ok = true
        for reqKey,qty in pairs(cat.requires) do
          if (counts[reqKey] or 0) < qty then ok = false; break end
        end
        if ok then
          local gdata = cat.build({ x = spawnAt.x, z = spawnAt.z }, hdgDeg, cat.side or self.Side)
          _eventSend(self, group, nil, 'build_started', { build = cat.description or recipeKey })
          local g = _coalitionAddGroup(cat.side or self.Side, cat.category or Group.Category.GROUND, gdata, self.Config)
          if g then
            for reqKey,qty in pairs(cat.requires) do consumeCrates(reqKey, qty) end
            -- No site cap counters when caps are disabled
            _eventSend(self, nil, self.Side, 'build_success_coalition', { build = cat.description or recipeKey, player = _playerNameFromGroup(group) })
            -- If this was a FOB, register a new pickup zone with reduced stock
            if cat.isFOB then
              pcall(function()
                self:_CreateFOBPickupZone({ x = spawnAt.x, z = spawnAt.z }, cat, hdg)
              end)
            end
            -- Assign optional behavior for built vehicles/groups
            local behavior = opts and opts.behavior or nil
            if behavior == 'attack' and self.Config.AttackAI and self.Config.AttackAI.Enabled then
              local t = self:_assignAttackBehavior(g:getName(), spawnAt, true)
              local isMetric = _getPlayerIsMetric(group:GetUnit(1))
              if t and t.kind == 'base' then
                local brg = _bearingDeg({ x = spawnAt.x, z = spawnAt.z }, { x = t.point.x, z = t.point.z })
                local v, u = _fmtRange(t.dist or 0, isMetric)
                _eventSend(self, nil, self.Side, 'attack_base_announce', { unit_name = g:getName(), player = _playerNameFromGroup(group), base_name = t.name, brg = brg, rng = v, rng_u = u })
              elseif t and t.kind == 'enemy' then
                local brg = _bearingDeg({ x = spawnAt.x, z = spawnAt.z }, { x = t.point.x, z = t.point.z })
                local v, u = _fmtRange(t.dist or 0, isMetric)
                _eventSend(self, nil, self.Side, 'attack_enemy_announce', { unit_name = g:getName(), player = _playerNameFromGroup(group), enemy_type = t.etype or 'unit', brg = brg, rng = v, rng_u = u })
              else
                local v, u = _fmtRange((self.Config.AttackAI and self.Config.AttackAI.VehicleSearchRadius) or 5000, isMetric)
                _eventSend(self, nil, self.Side, 'attack_no_targets', { unit_name = g:getName(), player = _playerNameFromGroup(group), rng = v, rng_u = u })
              end
            end
            if self.Config.BuildCooldownEnabled then CTLD._buildCooldown[gname] = now end
            return
          else
            _eventSend(self, group, nil, 'build_failed', { reason = 'DCS group spawn error' })
            return
          end
        end
  -- continue_composite (Lua 5.1 compatible: no labels)
      end
    end
  end

  -- Then single-key recipes
  for key,count in pairs(counts) do
    local cat = self.Config.CrateCatalog[key]
    if cat and cat.build and (not cat.requires) and count >= (cat.required or 1) then
      if cat.isFOB and self.Config.RestrictFOBToZones and not insideFOBZone then
        fobBlocked = true
      else
        -- Build caps disabled: rely solely on inventory/catalog control
  local gdata = cat.build({ x = spawnAt.x, z = spawnAt.z }, hdgDeg, cat.side or self.Side)
        _eventSend(self, group, nil, 'build_started', { build = cat.description or key })
        local g = _coalitionAddGroup(cat.side or self.Side, cat.category or Group.Category.GROUND, gdata, self.Config)
        if g then
          consumeCrates(key, cat.required or 1)
          -- No single-unit cap counters when caps are disabled
          _eventSend(self, nil, self.Side, 'build_success_coalition', { build = cat.description or key, player = _playerNameFromGroup(group) })
          -- Assign optional behavior for built vehicles/groups
          local behavior = opts and opts.behavior or nil
          if behavior == 'attack' and self.Config.AttackAI and self.Config.AttackAI.Enabled then
            local t = self:_assignAttackBehavior(g:getName(), spawnAt, true)
            local isMetric = _getPlayerIsMetric(group:GetUnit(1))
            if t and t.kind == 'base' then
              local brg = _bearingDeg({ x = spawnAt.x, z = spawnAt.z }, { x = t.point.x, z = t.point.z })
              local v, u = _fmtRange(t.dist or 0, isMetric)
              _eventSend(self, nil, self.Side, 'attack_base_announce', { unit_name = g:getName(), player = _playerNameFromGroup(group), base_name = t.name, brg = brg, rng = v, rng_u = u })
            elseif t and t.kind == 'enemy' then
              local brg = _bearingDeg({ x = spawnAt.x, z = spawnAt.z }, { x = t.point.x, z = t.point.z })
              local v, u = _fmtRange(t.dist or 0, isMetric)
              _eventSend(self, nil, self.Side, 'attack_enemy_announce', { unit_name = g:getName(), player = _playerNameFromGroup(group), enemy_type = t.etype or 'unit', brg = brg, rng = v, rng_u = u })
            else
              local v, u = _fmtRange((self.Config.AttackAI and self.Config.AttackAI.VehicleSearchRadius) or 5000, isMetric)
              _eventSend(self, nil, self.Side, 'attack_no_targets', { unit_name = g:getName(), player = _playerNameFromGroup(group), rng = v, rng_u = u })
            end
          end
          if self.Config.BuildCooldownEnabled then CTLD._buildCooldown[gname] = now end
          return
        else
          _eventSend(self, group, nil, 'build_failed', { reason = 'DCS group spawn error' })
          return
        end
      end
    end
  -- continue_single (Lua 5.1 compatible: no labels)
  end

  if fobBlocked then
    _eventSend(self, group, nil, 'fob_restricted', {})
    return
  end

  -- Helpful hint if building requires ground crates and player is carrying crates
  if self.Config.BuildRequiresGroundCrates == true then
    local carried = CTLD._loadedCrates[gname]
    if carried and (carried.total or 0) > 0 then
      _eventSend(self, group, nil, 'build_requires_ground', { total = carried.total })
      return
    end
  end
  _eventSend(self, group, nil, 'build_insufficient_crates', { build = 'asset' })
  -- Provide a short breakdown of most likely recipes and what is missing
  local suggestions = {}
  local function pushSuggestion(name, missingStr, haveParts, totalParts)
    table.insert(suggestions, { name = name, miss = missingStr, have = haveParts, total = totalParts })
  end
  -- consider composite recipes with at least one matching component nearby
  for rkey,cat in pairs(self.Config.CrateCatalog) do
    if type(cat.requires) == 'table' then
      local have, total, missingList = 0, 0, {}
      for reqKey,qty in pairs(cat.requires) do
        total = total + (qty or 0)
        local haveHere = math.min(qty or 0, counts[reqKey] or 0)
        have = have + haveHere
        local need = math.max(0, (qty or 0) - (counts[reqKey] or 0))
        if need > 0 then
          local fname = self:_friendlyNameForKey(reqKey)
          table.insert(missingList, string.format('%dx %s', need, fname))
        end
      end
      if have > 0 and have < total then
        local name = cat.description or cat.menu or rkey
        pushSuggestion(name, table.concat(missingList, ', '), have, total)
      end
    else
      -- single-key recipe: if some crates present but not enough
      local need = (cat and (cat.required or 1)) or 1
      local have = counts[rkey] or 0
      if have > 0 and have < need then
        local name = cat.description or cat.menu or rkey
        pushSuggestion(name, string.format('%d more crate(s) of %s', need - have, self:_friendlyNameForKey(rkey)), have, need)
      end
    end
  end
  table.sort(suggestions, function(a,b)
    local ra = (a.total > 0) and (a.have / a.total) or 0
    local rb = (b.total > 0) and (b.have / b.total) or 0
    if ra == rb then return (a.total - a.have) < (b.total - b.have) end
    return ra > rb
  end)
  if #suggestions > 0 then
    local maxShow = math.min(2, #suggestions)
    for i=1,maxShow do
      local s = suggestions[i]
      _msgGroup(group, string.format('Missing for %s: %s', s.name, s.miss))
    end
  else
    _msgGroup(group, 'No matching recipe found with nearby crates. Check Recipe Info for requirements.')
  end
end
-- #endregion Build logic

-- =========================
-- Loaded crate management
-- =========================
-- #region Loaded crate management

-- Update DCS internal cargo weight for a group
function CTLD:_updateCargoWeight(group)
  _updateCargoWeight(group)
end

function CTLD:_addLoadedCrate(group, crateKey)
  local gname = group:GetName()
  CTLD._loadedCrates[gname] = CTLD._loadedCrates[gname] or { total = 0, totalWeightKg = 0, byKey = {} }
  local lc = CTLD._loadedCrates[gname]
  lc.total = lc.total + 1
  lc.byKey[crateKey] = (lc.byKey[crateKey] or 0) + 1
  
  -- Add weight from catalog
  local cat = self.Config.CrateCatalog[crateKey]
  local crateWeight = (cat and cat.weightKg) or 0
  lc.totalWeightKg = (lc.totalWeightKg or 0) + crateWeight
  
  -- Update DCS internal cargo weight
  self:_updateCargoWeight(group)
end

function CTLD:DropLoadedCrates(group, howMany)
  local gname = group:GetName()
  local lc = CTLD._loadedCrates[gname]
  if not lc or (lc.total or 0) == 0 then _eventSend(self, group, nil, 'no_loaded_crates', {}) return end
  local unit = group:GetUnit(1)
  if not unit or not unit:IsAlive() then return end
  -- Restrict dropping crates inside Pickup Zones if configured
  if self.Config.ForbidDropsInsidePickupZones then
    local activeOnly = (self.Config.ForbidChecksActivePickupOnly ~= false)
    local inside = false
    local ok, err = pcall(function()
      inside = select(1, self:_isUnitInsidePickupZone(unit, activeOnly))
    end)
    if ok and inside then
      _eventSend(self, group, nil, 'drop_forbidden_in_pickup', {})
      return
    end
  end
  local p = unit:GetPointVec3()
  local here = { x = p.x, z = p.z }
  -- Offset drop point forward of the aircraft to avoid rotor/airframe damage
  local hdgRad, _ = _headingRadDeg(unit)
  local fwd = math.max(0, tonumber(self.Config.DropCrateForwardOffset or 20) or 0)
  local dropPt = (fwd > 0) and { x = here.x + math.sin(hdgRad) * fwd, z = here.z + math.cos(hdgRad) * fwd } or { x = here.x, z = here.z }
  local initialTotal = lc.total or 0
  local requested = (howMany and howMany > 0) and howMany or initialTotal
  local toDrop = math.min(requested, initialTotal)
  _eventSend(self, group, nil, 'drop_initiated', { count = toDrop })
  -- Warn about crate timeout when dropping
  local lifeSec = tonumber(self.Config.CrateLifetime or 0) or 0
  if lifeSec > 0 then
    local mins = math.floor((lifeSec + 30) / 60)
    _msgGroup(group, string.format('Note: Crates will despawn after %d mins to prevent clutter.', mins))
  end
  -- Drop in key order
  for k,count in pairs(DeepCopy(lc.byKey)) do
    if toDrop <= 0 then break end
    local dropNow = math.min(count, toDrop)
    local cat = self.Config.CrateCatalog[k]
    local crateWeight = (cat and cat.weightKg) or 0
    for i=1,dropNow do
      local cname = string.format('CTLD_CRATE_%s_%d', k, math.random(100000,999999))
      _spawnStaticCargo(self.Side, dropPt, (cat and cat.dcsCargoType) or 'uh1h_cargo', cname)
      CTLD._crates[cname] = { key = k, side = self.Side, spawnTime = timer.getTime(), point = { x = dropPt.x, z = dropPt.z } }
      -- Add to spatial index
      _addToSpatialGrid(cname, CTLD._crates[cname], 'crate')
      lc.byKey[k] = lc.byKey[k] - 1
      if lc.byKey[k] <= 0 then lc.byKey[k] = nil end
      lc.total = lc.total - 1
      lc.totalWeightKg = (lc.totalWeightKg or 0) - crateWeight
      toDrop = toDrop - 1
      if toDrop <= 0 then break end
    end
  end
  local actualDropped = initialTotal - (lc.total or 0)
  _eventSend(self, group, nil, 'dropped_crates', { count = actualDropped })
  
  -- Update DCS internal cargo weight after dropping
  self:_updateCargoWeight(group)
  
  -- Reiterate timeout after drop completes (players may miss the initial warning)
  if lifeSec > 0 then
    local mins = math.floor((lifeSec + 30) / 60)
    _msgGroup(group, string.format('Reminder: Dropped crates will despawn after %d mins to prevent clutter.', mins))
  end
end

-- Show inventory at the nearest pickup zone/FOB
function CTLD:ShowNearestZoneInventory(group)
  local unit = group:GetUnit(1)
  if not unit or not unit:IsAlive() then return end
  
  -- Find nearest active pickup zone
  local zone, dist = self:_nearestActivePickupZone(unit)
  
  if not zone then
    _msgGroup(group, 'No active pickup zones found nearby. Move closer to a supply zone.')
    return
  end
  
  local zoneName = zone:GetName()
  local isMetric = _getPlayerIsMetric(unit)
  local rngV, rngU = _fmtRange(dist, isMetric)
  
  -- Get inventory for this zone
  local stockTbl = CTLD._stockByZone[zoneName] or {}
  
  -- Build the inventory display
  local lines = {}
  table.insert(lines, string.format('Inventory at %s', zoneName))
  table.insert(lines, string.format('Distance: %.1f %s', rngV, rngU))
  table.insert(lines, '')
  
  -- Check if inventory system is enabled
  local invEnabled = self.Config.Inventory and self.Config.Inventory.Enabled ~= false
  if not invEnabled then
    table.insert(lines, 'Inventory tracking is disabled - all items available.')
    _msgGroup(group, table.concat(lines, '\n'), 20)
    return
  end
  
  -- Count total items and organize by category
  local totalItems = 0
  local byCategory = {}
  
  for key, count in pairs(stockTbl) do
    if count > 0 then
      local def = self.Config.CrateCatalog[key]
      if def and ((not def.side) or def.side == self.Side) then
        local cat = (def.menuCategory or 'Other')
        byCategory[cat] = byCategory[cat] or {}
        table.insert(byCategory[cat], {
          key = key,
          name = def.menu or def.description or key,
          count = count,
          isRecipe = (type(def.requires) == 'table')
        })
        totalItems = totalItems + count
      end
    end
  end
  
  if totalItems == 0 then
    table.insert(lines, 'No items in stock at this location.')
    table.insert(lines, 'Request resupply or move to another zone.')
  else
    table.insert(lines, string.format('Total items in stock: %d', totalItems))
    table.insert(lines, '')
    
    -- Sort categories for consistent display
    local categories = {}
    for cat, _ in pairs(byCategory) do
      table.insert(categories, cat)
    end
    table.sort(categories)
    
    -- Display items by category
    for _, cat in ipairs(categories) do
      table.insert(lines, string.format('-- %s --', cat))
      local items = byCategory[cat]
      -- Sort items by name
      table.sort(items, function(a, b) return a.name < b.name end)
      for _, item in ipairs(items) do
        if item.isRecipe then
          -- For recipes, calculate available bundles
          local def = self.Config.CrateCatalog[item.key]
          local bundles = math.huge
          if def and def.requires then
            for reqKey, qty in pairs(def.requires) do
              local have = tonumber(stockTbl[reqKey] or 0) or 0
              local need = tonumber(qty or 0) or 0
              if need > 0 then
                bundles = math.min(bundles, math.floor(have / need))
              end
            end
          end
          if bundles == math.huge then bundles = 0 end
          table.insert(lines, string.format('  %s: %d bundle%s', item.name, bundles, (bundles == 1 and '' or 's')))
        else
          table.insert(lines, string.format('  %s: %d', item.name, item.count))
        end
      end
      table.insert(lines, '')
    end
  end
  
  -- Display the inventory
  _msgGroup(group, table.concat(lines, '\n'), 30)
end

-- #endregion Loaded crate management

-- =========================
-- Hover pickup scanner
-- =========================
-- #region Hover pickup scanner
function CTLD:ScanHoverPickup()
  local coachCfg = CTLD.HoverCoachConfig or { enabled = false }
  if not coachCfg.enabled then return end
  
  -- iterate all groups that have menus (active transports)
  for gname,_ in pairs(self.MenusByGroup or {}) do
    local group = GROUP:FindByName(gname)
    if group and group:IsAlive() then
      local unit = group:GetUnit(1)
      if unit and unit:IsAlive() then
        -- Allowed type check
        local typ = _getUnitType(unit)
        if _isIn(self.Config.AllowedAircraft, typ) then
          local uname = unit:GetName()
          local now = timer.getTime()
          local p3 = unit:GetPointVec3()
          local ground = land and land.getHeight and land.getHeight({ x = p3.x, y = p3.z }) or 0
          local agl = math.max(0, p3.y - ground)
          -- speeds (ground/vertical)
          local last = CTLD._unitLast[uname]
          local gs, vs = 0, 0
          if last and (now > (last.t or 0)) then
            local dt = now - last.t
            if dt > 0 then
              local dx = (p3.x - last.x)
              local dz = (p3.z - last.z)
              gs = math.sqrt(dx*dx + dz*dz) / dt
              if last.agl then vs = (agl - last.agl) / dt end
            end
          end
          CTLD._unitLast[uname] = { x = p3.x, z = p3.z, t = now, agl = agl }

          -- Use spatial indexing to find nearby crates/troops efficiently
          local maxd = coachCfg.autoPickupDistance or 25
          local nearby = _getNearbyFromSpatialGrid(p3.x, p3.z, maxd)
          
          local bestName, bestMeta, bestd
          local bestType = 'crate'
          
          -- Search nearby crates from spatial grid
          for name, meta in pairs(nearby.crates) do
            if meta.side == self.Side then
              local dx = (meta.point.x - p3.x)
              local dz = (meta.point.z - p3.z)
              local d = math.sqrt(dx*dx + dz*dz)
              if d <= maxd and ((not bestd) or d < bestd) then
                bestName, bestMeta, bestd = name, meta, d
                bestType = 'crate'
              end
            end
          end
          
          -- Search nearby deployed troops from spatial grid
          for troopGroupName, troopMeta in pairs(nearby.troops) do
            if troopMeta.side == self.Side then
              local troopGroup = GROUP:FindByName(troopGroupName)
              if troopGroup and troopGroup:IsAlive() then
                local troopPos = troopGroup:GetCoordinate()
                if troopPos then
                  local tp = troopPos:GetVec3()
                  local dx = (tp.x - p3.x)
                  local dz = (tp.z - p3.z)
                  local d = math.sqrt(dx*dx + dz*dz)
                  if d <= maxd and ((not bestd) or d < bestd) then
                    bestName, bestMeta, bestd = troopGroupName, troopMeta, d
                    bestType = 'troops'
                  end
                end
              else
                -- Group doesn't exist or is dead, remove from tracking
                _removeFromSpatialGrid(troopGroupName, troopMeta.point, 'troops')
                CTLD._deployedTroops[troopGroupName] = nil
              end
            end
          end

          -- Resolve per-group coach enable override
          local coachEnabled = coachCfg.enabled
          if CTLD._coachOverride and CTLD._coachOverride[gname] ~= nil then
            coachEnabled = CTLD._coachOverride[gname]
          end
          -- If coach is on, provide phased guidance
          if coachEnabled and bestName and bestMeta then
            local isMetric = _getPlayerIsMetric(unit)
            -- Arrival phase
            if bestd <= (coachCfg.thresholds.arrivalDist or 1000) then
              _coachSend(self, group, uname, 'coach_arrival', {}, false)
            end
            -- Close-in
            if bestd <= (coachCfg.thresholds.closeDist or 100) then
              _coachSend(self, group, uname, 'coach_close', {}, false)
            end

            -- Precision phase
            if bestd <= (coachCfg.thresholds.precisionDist or 30) then
              local hdg, _ = _headingRadDeg(unit)
              local dx = (bestMeta.point.x - p3.x)
              local dz = (bestMeta.point.z - p3.z)
              local right, fwd = _projectToBodyFrame(dx, dz, hdg)

              -- Horizontal hint formatting
              local function hintDir(val, posWord, negWord, toUnits)
                local mag = math.abs(val)
                local v, u = _fmtDistance(mag, isMetric)
                if mag < 0.5 then return nil end
                return string.format("%s %d %s", (val >= 0 and posWord or negWord), v, u)
              end
              local h = {}
              local rHint = hintDir(right, 'Right', 'Left')
              local fHint = hintDir(fwd, 'Forward', 'Back')
              if rHint then table.insert(h, rHint) end
              if fHint then table.insert(h, fHint) end

              -- Vertical hint against AGL window
              local vHint
              local aglMin = coachCfg.thresholds.aglMin or 5
              local aglMax = coachCfg.thresholds.aglMax or 20
              if agl < aglMin then
                local dv, du = _fmtAGL(aglMin - agl, isMetric)
                vHint = string.format("Up %d %s", dv, du)
              elseif agl > aglMax then
                local dv, du = _fmtAGL(agl - aglMax, isMetric)
                vHint = string.format("Down %d %s", dv, du)
              end
              if vHint then table.insert(h, vHint) end

              local hints = table.concat(h, ", ")
              local gsV, gsU = _fmtSpeed(gs, isMetric)
              local data = { hints = (hints ~= '' and (hints..'.') or ''), gs = gsV, gs_u = gsU }

              _coachSend(self, group, uname, 'coach_hint', data, true)

              -- Error prompts (dominant one)
              local maxGS = coachCfg.thresholds.maxGS or (8/3.6)
              local aglMinT = aglMin
              local aglMaxT = aglMax
              if gs > maxGS then
                local v, u = _fmtSpeed(gs, isMetric)
                _coachSend(self, group, uname, 'coach_too_fast', { gs = v, gs_u = u }, false)
              elseif agl > aglMaxT then
                local v, u = _fmtAGL(agl, isMetric)
                _coachSend(self, group, uname, 'coach_too_high', { agl = v, agl_u = u }, false)
              elseif agl < aglMinT then
                local v, u = _fmtAGL(agl, isMetric)
                _coachSend(self, group, uname, 'coach_too_low', { agl = v, agl_u = u }, false)
              end
            end
          end

          -- Auto-load logic using capture thresholds
          local capGS = coachCfg.thresholds.captureGS or (4/3.6)
          local aglMin = coachCfg.thresholds.aglMin or 5
          local aglMax = coachCfg.thresholds.aglMax or 20
          local speedOK = gs <= capGS
          local heightOK = (agl >= aglMin and agl <= aglMax)

          if bestName and bestMeta and speedOK and heightOK then
            local withinRadius = bestd <= (coachCfg.thresholds.captureHoriz or 2)

            if withinRadius then
              local carried = CTLD._loadedCrates[gname]
              local total = carried and carried.total or 0
              local currentWeight = carried and carried.totalWeightKg or 0
              
              -- Get aircraft-specific capacity instead of global setting
              local capacity = _getAircraftCapacity(unit)
              local maxCrates = capacity.maxCrates
              local maxTroops = capacity.maxTroops
              local maxWeight = capacity.maxWeightKg or 0
              
              -- Calculate weight and check capacity based on type
              local itemWeight = 0
              local countOK = false
              local weightOK = false
              
              if bestType == 'crate' then
                -- Picking up a crate
                itemWeight = (bestMeta and self.Config.CrateCatalog[bestMeta.key] and self.Config.CrateCatalog[bestMeta.key].weightKg) or 0
                local wouldBeWeight = currentWeight + itemWeight
                countOK = (total < maxCrates)
                weightOK = (maxWeight <= 0) or (wouldBeWeight <= maxWeight)
              elseif bestType == 'troops' then
                -- Picking up troops - check if we can ADD them to existing load
                itemWeight = bestMeta.weightKg or 0
                local wouldBeWeight = currentWeight + itemWeight
                local troopCount = bestMeta.count or 0
                
                -- Check if we already have troops loaded - if so, check if we can add more
                local currentTroops = CTLD._troopsLoaded[gname]
                local currentTroopCount = currentTroops and currentTroops.count or 0
                local totalTroopCount = currentTroopCount + troopCount
                
                -- Check total capacity (allow mixing different troop types)
                countOK = (totalTroopCount <= maxTroops)
                weightOK = (maxWeight <= 0) or (wouldBeWeight <= maxWeight)
                
                -- Provide feedback if capacity exceeded
                if not countOK then
                  local hs = CTLD._hoverState[uname]
                  if not hs or hs.messageShown ~= true then
                    _msgGroup(group, string.format('Troop capacity exceeded! Current: %d, Adding: %d, Max: %d', 
                      currentTroopCount, troopCount, maxTroops))
                    if not hs then
                      CTLD._hoverState[uname] = { messageShown = true }
                    else
                      hs.messageShown = true
                    end
                  end
                end
              end
              
              -- Check both count AND weight limits
              if countOK and weightOK then
                local hs = CTLD._hoverState[uname]
                if not hs or hs.targetCrate ~= bestName or hs.targetType ~= bestType then
                  CTLD._hoverState[uname] = { targetCrate = bestName, targetType = bestType, startTime = now }
                  if coachEnabled then _coachSend(self, group, uname, 'coach_hold', {}, false) end
                else
                  -- stability hold timer
                  local holdNeeded = coachCfg.thresholds.stabilityHold or 1.8
                  if (now - hs.startTime) >= holdNeeded then
                    -- load it
                    if bestType == 'crate' then
                      local obj = StaticObject.getByName(bestName)
                      if obj then obj:destroy() end
                      _cleanupCrateSmoke(bestName)  -- Clean up smoke refresh schedule
                      _removeFromSpatialGrid(bestName, bestMeta.point, 'crate')  -- Remove from spatial index
                      CTLD._crates[bestName] = nil
                      self:_addLoadedCrate(group, bestMeta.key)
                      if coachEnabled then
                        _coachSend(self, group, uname, 'coach_loaded', {}, false)
                      else
                        _msgGroup(group, string.format('Loaded %s crate', tostring(bestMeta.key)))
                      end
                    elseif bestType == 'troops' then
                      -- Pick up the troop group
                      local troopGroup = GROUP:FindByName(bestName)
                      if troopGroup then
                        troopGroup:Destroy()
                      end
                      _removeFromSpatialGrid(bestName, bestMeta.point, 'troops')  -- Remove from spatial index
                      CTLD._deployedTroops[bestName] = nil
                      
                      -- ADD to existing troops if any, don't overwrite
                      local currentTroops = CTLD._troopsLoaded[gname]
                      if currentTroops then
                        -- Add to existing load (supports mixing types)
                        local troopTypes = currentTroops.troopTypes or { { typeKey = currentTroops.typeKey, count = currentTroops.count } }
                        table.insert(troopTypes, { typeKey = bestMeta.typeKey, count = bestMeta.count })
                        
                        CTLD._troopsLoaded[gname] = {
                          count = currentTroops.count + bestMeta.count,
                          typeKey = 'Mixed',  -- Indicate mixed types
                          troopTypes = troopTypes,  -- Store individual type details
                          weightKg = currentTroops.weightKg + bestMeta.weightKg
                        }
                        _msgGroup(group, string.format('Loaded %d more troops (total: %d)', bestMeta.count, CTLD._troopsLoaded[gname].count))
                      else
                        -- First load
                        CTLD._troopsLoaded[gname] = {
                          count = bestMeta.count,
                          typeKey = bestMeta.typeKey,
                          troopTypes = { { typeKey = bestMeta.typeKey, count = bestMeta.count } },
                          weightKg = bestMeta.weightKg
                        }
                        if coachEnabled then
                          _msgGroup(group, string.format('Loaded %d troops', bestMeta.count))
                        else
                          _msgGroup(group, string.format('Loaded %d troops', bestMeta.count))
                        end
                      end
                      
                      -- Update cargo weight
                      self:_updateCargoWeight(group)
                    end
                    CTLD._hoverState[uname] = nil
                  end
                end
              else
                -- Aircraft at capacity - notify player with weight/count info
                local aircraftType = _getUnitType(unit) or 'aircraft'
                if not weightOK then
                  -- Weight limit exceeded
                  _msgGroup(group, string.format('Weight capacity reached! Current: %dkg, Item: %dkg, Max: %dkg for %s', 
                    math.floor(currentWeight), math.floor(itemWeight), math.floor(maxWeight), aircraftType))
                elseif bestType == 'crate' then
                  -- Count limit exceeded for crates
                  _eventSend(self, group, nil, 'crate_aircraft_capacity', { current = total, max = maxCrates, aircraft = aircraftType })
                elseif bestType == 'troops' then
                  -- Count limit exceeded for troops
                  _eventSend(self, group, nil, 'troop_aircraft_capacity', { count = bestMeta.count or 0, max = maxTroops, aircraft = aircraftType })
                end
                CTLD._hoverState[uname] = nil
              end
            else
              -- lost precision window
              if coachEnabled then _coachSend(self, group, uname, 'coach_hover_lost', {}, false) end
              CTLD._hoverState[uname] = nil
            end
          else
            -- reset hover state when outside primary envelope
            if CTLD._hoverState[uname] then
              if coachEnabled then _coachSend(self, group, uname, 'coach_abort', {}, false) end
            end
            CTLD._hoverState[uname] = nil
          end
        end
      end
    end
  end
end
-- #endregion Hover pickup scanner

-- =========================
-- Troops
-- =========================
-- #region Troops
function CTLD:LoadTroops(group, opts)
  local gname = group:GetName()
  local unit = group:GetUnit(1)
  if not unit or not unit:IsAlive() then return end
  
  -- Check for MEDEVAC crew pickup first
  if CTLD.MEDEVAC and CTLD.MEDEVAC.Enabled then
    local medevacPickedUp = self:CheckMEDEVACPickup(group)
    if medevacPickedUp then
      return -- MEDEVAC crew was picked up, don't continue with normal troop loading
    end
  end

  -- Ground requirement check for troop loading (realistic behavior)
  if self.Config.RequireGroundForTroopLoad then
    local unitType = _getUnitType(unit)
    local capacities = self.Config.AircraftCapacities or {}
    local specific = capacities[unitType]
    
    -- Check per-aircraft override first, then fall back to global config
    local requireGround = (specific and specific.requireGround ~= nil) and specific.requireGround or true
    
    if requireGround then
      -- Must be on the ground
      if _isUnitInAir(unit) then
        local isMetric = _getPlayerIsMetric(unit)
        local maxSpeed = (specific and specific.maxGroundSpeed) or self.Config.MaxGroundSpeedForLoading or 2.0
        local speedVal, speedUnit = _fmtSpeed(maxSpeed, isMetric)
        _eventSend(self, group, nil, 'troop_load_must_land', { max_speed = speedVal, speed_u = speedUnit })
        return
      end
      
      -- Check ground speed (must not be taxiing too fast)
      local groundSpeed = _getGroundSpeed(unit)
      local maxSpeed = (specific and specific.maxGroundSpeed) or self.Config.MaxGroundSpeedForLoading or 2.0
      
      if groundSpeed > maxSpeed then
        local isMetric = _getPlayerIsMetric(unit)
        local currentVal, currentUnit = _fmtSpeed(groundSpeed, isMetric)
        local maxVal, maxUnit = _fmtSpeed(maxSpeed, isMetric)
        _eventSend(self, group, nil, 'troop_load_too_fast', { 
          current_speed = currentVal, 
          max_speed = maxVal, 
          speed_u = maxUnit 
        })
        return
      end
    end
  end

  -- Enforce pickup zone requirement for troop loading (inside zone)
  if self.Config.RequirePickupZoneForTroopLoad then
    local hasPickupZones = (self.PickupZones and #self.PickupZones > 0) or (self.Config.Zones and self.Config.Zones.PickupZones and #self.Config.Zones.PickupZones > 0)
    if not hasPickupZones then
      _eventSend(self, group, nil, 'no_pickup_zones', {})
      return
    end
    local zone, dist = self:_nearestActivePickupZone(unit)
    if not zone or not dist then
      -- No active pickup zone resolvable; provide helpful vectors to nearest configured zone if any
      local list = {}
      if self.Config and self.Config.Zones and self.Config.Zones.PickupZones then
        for _, z in ipairs(self.Config.Zones.PickupZones) do table.insert(list, z) end
      elseif self.PickupZones and #self.PickupZones > 0 then
        for _, mz in ipairs(self.PickupZones) do if mz and mz.GetName then table.insert(list, { name = mz:GetName() }) end end
      end
      local fbZone, fbDist = _nearestZonePoint(unit, list)
      if fbZone and fbDist then
        local isMetric = _getPlayerIsMetric(unit)
        local rZone = self:_getZoneRadius(fbZone) or 0
        local delta = math.max(0, fbDist - rZone)
        local v, u = _fmtRange(delta, isMetric)
        local up = unit:GetPointVec3(); local zp = fbZone:GetPointVec3()
        local brg = _bearingDeg({ x = up.x, z = up.z }, { x = zp.x, z = zp.z })
        _eventSend(self, group, nil, 'troop_pickup_zone_required', { zone_dist = v, zone_dist_u = u, zone_brg = brg })
      else
        _eventSend(self, group, nil, 'no_pickup_zones', {})
      end
      return
    end
    local inside = false
    if zone then
      local rZone = self:_getZoneRadius(zone) or 0
      if dist and rZone and dist <= rZone then inside = true end
    end
    if not inside then
      local isMetric = _getPlayerIsMetric(unit)
      local rZone = (self:_getZoneRadius(zone) or 0)
      local delta = (dist and rZone) and math.max(0, dist - rZone) or 0
      local v, u = _fmtRange(delta, isMetric)
      -- Bearing from player to zone center
      local up = unit:GetPointVec3()
      local zp = zone and zone:GetPointVec3() or nil
      local brg = 0
      if zp then
        brg = _bearingDeg({ x = up.x, z = up.z }, { x = zp.x, z = zp.z })
      end
      _eventSend(self, group, nil, 'troop_pickup_zone_required', { zone_dist = v, zone_dist_u = u, zone_brg = brg })
      return
    end
  end

  -- Determine troop type and composition
  local requestedType = (opts and (opts.typeKey or opts.type))
                        or (self.Config.Troops and self.Config.Troops.DefaultType)
                        or 'AS'
  local unitsList, label = self:_resolveTroopUnits(requestedType)
  local troopDef = (self.Config.Troops and self.Config.Troops.TroopTypes and self.Config.Troops.TroopTypes[requestedType]) or nil
  
  -- Check if we already have troops (allow mixing different types now)
  local currentTroops = CTLD._troopsLoaded[gname]
  
  -- Check aircraft capacity for troops
  local capacity = _getAircraftCapacity(unit)
  local maxTroops = capacity.maxTroops
  local maxWeight = capacity.maxWeightKg or 0
  local troopCount = #unitsList
  
  -- Calculate troop weight from catalog
  local troopWeight = 0
  if troopDef and troopDef.weightKg then
    troopWeight = troopDef.weightKg
  elseif troopCount > 0 then
    -- Fallback: estimate 100kg per soldier if no weight defined
    troopWeight = troopCount * 100
  end
  
  -- Check current cargo weight and troop count
  local carried = CTLD._loadedCrates[gname]
  local currentWeight = carried and carried.totalWeightKg or 0
  local currentTroopCount = currentTroops and currentTroops.count or 0
  local totalTroopCount = currentTroopCount + troopCount
  local wouldBeWeight = currentWeight + troopWeight
  
  -- Check total troop count limit
  if totalTroopCount > maxTroops then
    -- Aircraft cannot carry this many troops total
    local aircraftType = _getUnitType(unit) or 'aircraft'
    _msgGroup(group, string.format('Troop capacity exceeded! Current: %d, Adding: %d, Max: %d for %s', 
      currentTroopCount, troopCount, maxTroops, aircraftType))
    return
  end
  
  -- Check weight limit (if enabled)
  if maxWeight > 0 and wouldBeWeight > maxWeight then
    -- Weight capacity exceeded
    local aircraftType = _getUnitType(unit) or 'aircraft'
    _msgGroup(group, string.format('Weight capacity exceeded! Current: %dkg, Troops: %dkg, Max: %dkg for %s', 
      math.floor(currentWeight), math.floor(troopWeight), math.floor(maxWeight), aircraftType))
    return
  end
  
  -- ADD to existing troops or create new entry
  if currentTroops then
    -- Add to existing load (supports mixing types)
    local troopTypes = currentTroops.troopTypes or { { typeKey = currentTroops.typeKey, count = currentTroops.count } }
    table.insert(troopTypes, { typeKey = requestedType, count = troopCount })
    
    CTLD._troopsLoaded[gname] = {
      count = totalTroopCount,
      typeKey = 'Mixed',  -- Indicate mixed types
      troopTypes = troopTypes,  -- Store individual type details
      weightKg = currentTroops.weightKg + troopWeight,
    }
    _eventSend(self, group, nil, 'troops_loaded', { count = totalTroopCount })
    _msgGroup(group, string.format('Loaded %d more troops (total: %d)', troopCount, totalTroopCount))
  else
    CTLD._troopsLoaded[gname] = {
      count = troopCount,
      typeKey = requestedType,
      troopTypes = { { typeKey = requestedType, count = troopCount } },
      weightKg = troopWeight,
    }
    _eventSend(self, group, nil, 'troops_loaded', { count = troopCount })
  end
  
  -- Update DCS internal cargo weight
  self:_updateCargoWeight(group)
end

function CTLD:UnloadTroops(group, opts)
  local gname = group:GetName()
  local load = CTLD._troopsLoaded[gname]
  if not load or (load.count or 0) == 0 then _eventSend(self, group, nil, 'no_troops', {}) return end

  local unit = group:GetUnit(1)
  if not unit or not unit:IsAlive() then return end
  
  -- Check for MEDEVAC crew delivery to MASH first
  if CTLD.MEDEVAC and CTLD.MEDEVAC.Enabled then
    local medevacDelivered = self:CheckMEDEVACDelivery(group, load)
    if medevacDelivered then
      -- Crew delivered to MASH, clear troops and return
      CTLD._troopsLoaded[gname] = nil
      
      -- Update DCS internal cargo weight after delivery
      self:_updateCargoWeight(group)
      
      return
    end
  end
  
  -- Determine if unit is in the air and check for fast-rope capability
  local isInAir = _isUnitInAir(unit)
  local canFastRope = false
  local isFastRope = false
  
  if isInAir then
    -- Unit is airborne - check if fast-rope is enabled and if altitude is safe
    if self.Config.EnableFastRope then
      local p3 = unit:GetPointVec3()
      local ground = land and land.getHeight and land.getHeight({x = p3.x, y = p3.z}) or 0
      local agl = p3.y - ground
      local maxFastRopeAGL = self.Config.FastRopeMaxHeight or 20
      local minFastRopeAGL = self.Config.FastRopeMinHeight or 5
      
      if agl > maxFastRopeAGL then
        -- Too high for fast-rope
        local isMetric = _getPlayerIsMetric(unit)
        local aglDisplay = _fmtAGL(agl, isMetric)
        _eventSend(self, group, nil, 'troop_unload_altitude_too_high', { 
          max_agl = math.floor(maxFastRopeAGL),
          current_agl = math.floor(agl)
        })
        return
      elseif agl < minFastRopeAGL then
        -- Too low for safe fast-rope
        _eventSend(self, group, nil, 'troop_unload_altitude_too_low', { 
          min_agl = math.floor(minFastRopeAGL),
          current_agl = math.floor(agl)
        })
        return
      else
        -- Within safe fast-rope window
        canFastRope = true
        isFastRope = true
      end
    else
      -- Fast-rope disabled - must land
      _msgGroup(group, "Must land to deploy troops. Fast-rope is disabled.", 10)
      return
    end
  end
  
  -- Restrict deploying troops inside Pickup Zones if configured
  if self.Config.ForbidTroopDeployInsidePickupZones then
    local activeOnly = (self.Config.ForbidChecksActivePickupOnly ~= false)
    local inside = false
    local ok, _ = pcall(function()
      inside = select(1, self:_isUnitInsidePickupZone(unit, activeOnly))
    end)
    if ok and inside then
      _eventSend(self, group, nil, 'troop_deploy_forbidden_in_pickup', {})
      return
    end
  end
  
  local p = unit:GetPointVec3()
  local here = { x = p.x, z = p.z }
  local hdgRad, _ = _headingRadDeg(unit)
  -- Offset troop spawn forward to avoid spawning under/near rotors
  local troopOffset = math.max(0, tonumber(self.Config.TroopSpawnOffset or 0) or 0)
  local center = (troopOffset > 0) and { x = here.x + math.sin(hdgRad) * troopOffset, z = here.z + math.cos(hdgRad) * troopOffset } or { x = here.x, z = here.z }

  -- Build the unit composition - handle mixed troop types
  local units = {}
  local spacing = 1.8
  local unitIndex = 0
  
  if load.troopTypes then
    -- Mixed types - spawn each type's units
    for _, troopTypeData in ipairs(load.troopTypes) do
      local comp, _ = self:_resolveTroopUnits(troopTypeData.typeKey)
      for i=1, #comp do
        unitIndex = unitIndex + 1
        local dx = (unitIndex-1) * spacing
        local dz = ((unitIndex % 2) == 0) and 2.0 or -2.0
        table.insert(units, {
          type = tostring(comp[i] or 'Infantry AK'),
          name = string.format('CTLD-TROOP-%d', math.random(100000,999999)),
          x = center.x + dx, y = center.z + dz, heading = hdgRad
        })
      end
    end
  else
    -- Single type (legacy support)
    local comp, _ = self:_resolveTroopUnits(load.typeKey)
    for i=1, #comp do
      unitIndex = unitIndex + 1
      local dx = (unitIndex-1) * spacing
      local dz = ((unitIndex % 2) == 0) and 2.0 or -2.0
      table.insert(units, {
        type = tostring(comp[i] or 'Infantry AK'),
        name = string.format('CTLD-TROOP-%d', math.random(100000,999999)),
        x = center.x + dx, y = center.z + dz, heading = hdgRad
      })
    end
  end
  
  local groupData = {
    visible=false, lateActivation=false, tasks={}, task='Ground Nothing',
    units=units, route={}, name=string.format('CTLD_TROOPS_%d', math.random(100000,999999))
  }
  local spawned = _coalitionAddGroup(self.Side, Group.Category.GROUND, groupData, self.Config)
  if spawned then
    -- Track deployed troop groups for later pickup
    local troopGroupName = spawned:getName()
    CTLD._deployedTroops[troopGroupName] = {
      typeKey = load.typeKey,
      count = load.count,
      side = self.Side,
      spawnTime = timer.getTime(),
      point = { x = center.x, z = center.z },
      weightKg = load.weightKg or 0,
      behavior = opts and opts.behavior or 'defend'
    }
    -- Add to spatial index for efficient hover pickup
    _addToSpatialGrid(troopGroupName, CTLD._deployedTroops[troopGroupName], 'troops')
    
    CTLD._troopsLoaded[gname] = nil
    
    -- Update DCS internal cargo weight after unloading troops
    self:_updateCargoWeight(group)
    
    -- Send appropriate message based on deployment method
    if isFastRope then
      local aircraftType = _getUnitType(unit) or 'aircraft'
      _eventSend(self, nil, self.Side, 'troops_fast_roped_coalition', { 
        count = #units, 
        player = _playerNameFromGroup(group),
        aircraft = aircraftType
      })
    else
      _eventSend(self, nil, self.Side, 'troops_unloaded_coalition', { count = #units, player = _playerNameFromGroup(group) })
    end
    
    -- Assign optional behavior
    local behavior = opts and opts.behavior or nil
    if behavior == 'attack' and self.Config.AttackAI and self.Config.AttackAI.Enabled then
      local t = self:_assignAttackBehavior(spawned:getName(), center, false)
      -- Announce intentions globally
      local isMetric = _getPlayerIsMetric(group:GetUnit(1))
      if t and t.kind == 'base' then
        local brg = _bearingDeg({ x = center.x, z = center.z }, { x = t.point.x, z = t.point.z })
        local v, u = _fmtRange(t.dist or 0, isMetric)
        _eventSend(self, nil, self.Side, 'attack_base_announce', { unit_name = spawned:getName(), player = _playerNameFromGroup(group), base_name = t.name, brg = brg, rng = v, rng_u = u })
      elseif t and t.kind == 'enemy' then
        local brg = _bearingDeg({ x = center.x, z = center.z }, { x = t.point.x, z = t.point.z })
        local v, u = _fmtRange(t.dist or 0, isMetric)
        _eventSend(self, nil, self.Side, 'attack_enemy_announce', { unit_name = spawned:getName(), player = _playerNameFromGroup(group), enemy_type = t.etype or 'unit', brg = brg, rng = v, rng_u = u })
      else
        local v, u = _fmtRange((self.Config.AttackAI and self.Config.AttackAI.TroopSearchRadius) or 3000, isMetric)
        _eventSend(self, nil, self.Side, 'attack_no_targets', { unit_name = spawned:getName(), player = _playerNameFromGroup(group), rng = v, rng_u = u })
      end
    end
  else
    _eventSend(self, group, nil, 'troops_deploy_failed', { reason = 'DCS group spawn error' })
  end
end
-- #endregion Troops

-- Internal: resolve troop composition list for a given type key and coalition
function CTLD:_resolveTroopUnits(typeKey)
  local tcfg = (self.Config.Troops and self.Config.Troops.TroopTypes) or {}
  local def = tcfg[typeKey or 'AS'] or {}
  
  -- Log warning if troop types are missing
  if not def or not def.size then
    _logError(string.format('WARNING: Troop type "%s" not found or incomplete. TroopTypes table has %d entries.', 
      typeKey or 'AS', 
      (tcfg and type(tcfg) == 'table') and #tcfg or 0))
  end
  
  local size = tonumber(def.size or 0) or 0
  if size <= 0 then size = 6 end
  local pool
  if self.Side == coalition.side.BLUE then
    pool = def.unitsBlue or def.units
  elseif self.Side == coalition.side.RED then
    pool = def.unitsRed or def.units
  else
    pool = def.units
  end
  if not pool or #pool == 0 then pool = { 'Infantry AK' } end
  
  -- Debug: Log what units will spawn
  local unitList = {}
  for i=1,math.min(size, 3) do 
    table.insert(unitList, pool[((i-1) % #pool) + 1])
  end
  _logDebug(string.format('Spawning %d troops for type "%s": %s%s', 
    size, 
    typeKey or 'AS',
    table.concat(unitList, ', '),
    size > 3 and '...' or ''))
  
  local list = {}
  for i=1,size do list[i] = pool[((i-1) % #pool) + 1] end
  local label = def.label or typeKey or 'Troops'
  return list, label
end

-- =========================
-- Public helpers
-- =========================
-- =========================
-- Auto-build FOB in zones
-- =========================
-- #region Auto-build FOB in zones
function CTLD:AutoBuildFOBCheck()
  if not (self.FOBZones and #self.FOBZones > 0) then return end
  -- Find any FOB recipe definitions
  local fobDefs = {}
  for key,def in pairs(self.Config.CrateCatalog) do if def.isFOB and def.build then fobDefs[key] = def end end
  if next(fobDefs) == nil then return end

  for _,zone in ipairs(self.FOBZones) do
    local center = zone:GetPointVec3()
    local radius = self:_getZoneRadius(zone)
    local nearby = self:GetNearbyCrates({ x = center.x, z = center.z }, radius)
    -- filter to this coalition side
    local filtered = {}
    for _,c in ipairs(nearby) do if c.meta.side == self.Side then table.insert(filtered, c) end end
    nearby = filtered

    if #nearby > 0 then
      local counts = {}
      for _,c in ipairs(nearby) do counts[c.meta.key] = (counts[c.meta.key] or 0) + 1 end

      local function consumeCrates(key, qty)
        local removed = 0
        for _,c in ipairs(nearby) do
          if removed >= qty then break end
          if c.meta.key == key then
            local obj = StaticObject.getByName(c.name)
            if obj then obj:destroy() end
            _cleanupCrateSmoke(c.name)  -- Clean up smoke refresh schedule
            CTLD._crates[c.name] = nil
            removed = removed + 1
          end
        end
      end

      local built = false

      -- Prefer composite recipes
      for recipeKey,cat in pairs(fobDefs) do
        if type(cat.requires) == 'table' then
          local ok = true
          for reqKey,qty in pairs(cat.requires) do if (counts[reqKey] or 0) < qty then ok = false; break end end
          if ok then
            local gdata = cat.build({ x = center.x, z = center.z }, 0, cat.side or self.Side)
            local g = _coalitionAddGroup(cat.side or self.Side, cat.category or Group.Category.GROUND, gdata, self.Config)
            if g then
              for reqKey,qty in pairs(cat.requires) do consumeCrates(reqKey, qty) end
              _msgCoalition(self.Side, string.format('FOB auto-built at %s', zone:GetName()))
              built = true
              break -- move to next zone; avoid multiple builds per tick
            end
          end
        end
      end

      -- Then single-key FOB recipes
      if not built then
        for key,cat in pairs(fobDefs) do
          if not cat.requires and (counts[key] or 0) >= (cat.required or 1) then
            local gdata = cat.build({ x = center.x, z = center.z }, 0, cat.side or self.Side)
            local g = _coalitionAddGroup(cat.side or self.Side, cat.category or Group.Category.GROUND, gdata, self.Config)
            if g then
              consumeCrates(key, cat.required or 1)
              _msgCoalition(self.Side, string.format('FOB auto-built at %s', zone:GetName()))
              built = true
              break
            end
          end
        end
      end
      -- next zone iteration continues automatically
    end
  end
end
-- #endregion Auto-build FOB in zones

-- =========================
-- Public helpers
-- =========================
-- #region Public helpers
function CTLD:RegisterCrate(key, def)
  self.Config.CrateCatalog[key] = def
end

function CTLD:MergeCatalog(tbl)
  for k,v in pairs(tbl or {}) do self.Config.CrateCatalog[k] = v end
end

-- =========================
-- Inventory helpers
-- =========================
-- #region Inventory helpers
function CTLD:InitInventory()
  if not (self.Config.Inventory and self.Config.Inventory.Enabled) then return end
  -- Seed stock for each configured pickup zone (by name only)
  for _,z in ipairs(self.PickupZones or {}) do
    local name = z:GetName()
    self:_SeedZoneStock(name, 1.0)
  end
end

function CTLD:_SeedZoneStock(zoneName, factor)
  if not zoneName then return end
  CTLD._stockByZone[zoneName] = CTLD._stockByZone[zoneName] or {}
  local f = factor or 1.0
  for key,def in pairs(self.Config.CrateCatalog or {}) do
    local n = tonumber(def.initialStock or 0) or 0
    n = math.max(0, math.floor(n * f + 0.0001))
    -- Only seed if not already present (avoid overwriting saved/progress state)
    if CTLD._stockByZone[zoneName][key] == nil then
      CTLD._stockByZone[zoneName][key] = n
    end
  end
end

function CTLD:_CreateFOBPickupZone(point, cat, hdg)
  -- Create a small pickup zone at the FOB to act as a supply point
  local name = string.format('FOB_PZ_%d', math.random(100000,999999))
  local v2 = (VECTOR2 and VECTOR2.New) and VECTOR2:New(point.x, point.z) or { x = point.x, y = point.z }
  local r = 150
  local z = ZONE_RADIUS:New(name, v2, r)
  table.insert(self.PickupZones, z)
  self._ZoneDefs.PickupZones[name] = { name = name, radius = r, active = true }
  self._ZoneActive.Pickup[name] = true
  table.insert(self.Config.Zones.PickupZones, { name = name, radius = r, active = true })
  -- Seed FOB stock at fraction of initial pickup stock
  local f = (self.Config.Inventory and self.Config.Inventory.FOBStockFactor) or 0.25
  self:_SeedZoneStock(name, f)
  _msgCoalition(self.Side, string.format('FOB supply established: %s (stock seeded at %d%%)', name, math.floor(f*100+0.5)))
end
-- #endregion Inventory helpers

-- =========================
-- MEDEVAC System
-- =========================
-- #region MEDEVAC

-- Initialize MEDEVAC system (called from CTLD:New)
function CTLD:InitMEDEVAC()
  if not (CTLD.MEDEVAC and CTLD.MEDEVAC.Enabled) then return end
  
  -- Initialize salvage pools
  if CTLD.MEDEVAC.Salvage and CTLD.MEDEVAC.Salvage.Enabled then
    CTLD._salvagePoints[self.Side] = CTLD._salvagePoints[self.Side] or 0
  end
  
  -- Setup event handler for unit deaths
  local handler = EVENTHANDLER:New()
  handler:HandleEvent(EVENTS.Dead)
  local selfref = self
  
  function handler:OnEventDead(eventData)
    -- First check if this is an invulnerable MEDEVAC crew member that needs respawning
    local unit = eventData.IniUnit
    if unit then
      local unitName = unit:GetName()
      if unitName then
        for crewGroupName, crewData in pairs(CTLD._medevacCrews) do
          if unitName:find(crewGroupName, 1, true) then
            local now = timer.getTime()
            if crewData.invulnerable and now < crewData.invulnerableUntil then
              _logVerbose(string.format('[MEDEVAC] Invulnerable crew member %s killed, respawning...', unitName))
              -- Respawn this crew member
              timer.scheduleFunction(function()
                local grp = Group.getByName(crewGroupName)
                if grp and grp:isExist() then
                  local cfg = CTLD.MEDEVAC
                  local crewUnitType = cfg.CrewUnitTypes[crewData.side] or ((crewData.side == coalition.side.BLUE) and 'Soldier M4' or 'Paratrooper RPG-16')
                  -- Use the stored country ID from the original spawn
                  local countryId = crewData.countryId or ((crewData.side == coalition.side.BLUE) and (country.id.USA or 2) or 18)
                  
                  -- Random position near spawn point
                  local angle = math.random() * 2 * math.pi
                  local radius = 3 + math.random() * 5
                  local spawnX = crewData.position.x + math.cos(angle) * radius
                  local spawnZ = crewData.position.z + math.sin(angle) * radius
                  
                  local newUnitData = {
                    type = crewUnitType,
                    name = unitName..'_respawn',
                    x = spawnX,
                    y = spawnZ,
                    heading = math.random() * 2 * math.pi
                  }
                  
                  coalition.addGroup(crewData.side, Group.Category.GROUND, {
                    visible = false,
                    lateActivation = false,
                    tasks = {},
                    task = 'Ground Nothing',
                    route = {},
                    units = {newUnitData},
                    name = unitName..'_respawn_grp',
                    country = countryId
                  })
                  
                  _logVerbose(string.format('[MEDEVAC] Respawned invulnerable crew member %s', unitName))
                end
              end, nil, timer.getTime() + 1)
              return -- Don't process as normal death
            end
          end
        end
      end
    end
    
    -- Normal death processing for vehicle spawning MEDEVAC crews
    if not unit then 
      _logDebug('[MEDEVAC] OnEventDead: No unit in eventData')
      return 
    end
    
    -- Get the underlying DCS unit to safely extract data
    local dcsUnit = unit.DCSUnit or unit
    if not dcsUnit then 
      _logDebug('[MEDEVAC] OnEventDead: No DCS unit')
      return 
    end
    
    -- Extract coalition from event data if available, otherwise from unit
    local unitCoalition = eventData.IniCoalition
    if not unitCoalition and unit and unit.GetCoalition then
      local success, result = pcall(function() return unit:GetCoalition() end)
      if success then
        unitCoalition = result
      end
    end
    
    if not unitCoalition then
      _logDebug('[MEDEVAC] OnEventDead: Could not determine coalition')
      return
    end
    
    if unitCoalition ~= selfref.Side then 
      _logDebug(string.format('[MEDEVAC] OnEventDead: Wrong coalition (unit: %s, CTLD: %s)', tostring(unitCoalition), tostring(selfref.Side)))
      return 
    end
    
    -- Extract category from event data if available
    local unitCategory = eventData.IniCategory or (unit.GetCategory and unit:GetCategory())
    if not unitCategory then
      _logDebug('[MEDEVAC] OnEventDead: Could not determine category')
      return
    end
    
    if unitCategory ~= Unit.Category.GROUND_UNIT then 
      _logDebug(string.format('[MEDEVAC] OnEventDead: Not a ground unit (category: %s)', tostring(unitCategory)))
      return 
    end
    
    -- Extract unit type name
    local unitType = eventData.IniTypeName or (unit.GetTypeName and unit:GetTypeName())
    if not unitType then 
      _logDebug('[MEDEVAC] OnEventDead: Could not determine unit type')
      return 
    end
    
    _logVerbose(string.format('[MEDEVAC] OnEventDead: Ground unit destroyed - %s', unitType))
    
    -- Check if this unit type is eligible for MEDEVAC
    local catalogEntry = selfref:_FindCatalogEntryByUnitType(unitType)
    
    if catalogEntry and catalogEntry.MEDEVAC == true then
      _logVerbose(string.format('[MEDEVAC] OnEventDead: %s is MEDEVAC eligible, spawning crew', unitType))
      -- Pass eventData instead of unit to get position/heading safely
      selfref:_SpawnMEDEVACCrew(eventData, catalogEntry)
    else
      if catalogEntry then
        _logDebug(string.format('[MEDEVAC] OnEventDead: %s found in catalog but MEDEVAC=%s', unitType, tostring(catalogEntry.MEDEVAC)))
      else
        _logDebug(string.format('[MEDEVAC] OnEventDead: %s not found in catalog', unitType))
      end
    end
  end
  
  self.MEDEVACHandler = handler
  
  -- Add hit event handler to prevent damage to invulnerable crews
  local hitHandler = EVENTHANDLER:New()
  hitHandler:HandleEvent(EVENTS.Hit)
  
  function hitHandler:OnEventHit(eventData)
    local unit = eventData.TgtUnit
    if not unit then return end
    
    local unitName = unit:GetName()
    if not unitName then return end
    
    -- Check if this unit belongs to an invulnerable MEDEVAC crew
    for crewGroupName, crewData in pairs(CTLD._medevacCrews) do
      if unitName:find(crewGroupName, 1, true) then
        -- This unit is part of a MEDEVAC crew, check invulnerability
        local now = timer.getTime()
        if crewData.invulnerable and now < crewData.invulnerableUntil then
          _logVerbose(string.format('[MEDEVAC] Unit %s is invulnerable, preventing damage', unitName))
          -- Can't directly prevent damage in DCS, but log it
          -- Infantry is fragile anyway, so invulnerability is more of a "hope they survive" thing
          return
        end
      end
    end
  end
  
  self.MEDEVACHitHandler = hitHandler
  
  -- Start crew timeout checker (runs every 30 seconds)
  self.MEDEVACSched = SCHEDULER:New(nil, function()
    selfref:_CheckMEDEVACTimeouts()
  end, {}, 30, 30)
  
  -- Initialize MASH zones from config
  self:_InitMASHZones()
  
  _logInfo('MEDEVAC system initialized for coalition '..tostring(self.Side))
end

-- Find catalog entry that spawns a given unit type
function CTLD:_FindCatalogEntryByUnitType(unitType)
  local catalog = self.Config.CrateCatalog or {}
  local catalogSize = 0
  for _ in pairs(catalog) do catalogSize = catalogSize + 1 end
  
  _logDebug(string.format('[MEDEVAC] Searching catalog for unit type: %s (catalog has %d entries)', unitType, catalogSize))
  
  for key, def in pairs(catalog) do
    -- Check if this catalog entry builds the unit type
    if def.build then
      -- Check global lookup table that maps build functions to unit types
      if type(def.build) == 'function' and _CTLD_BUILD_UNIT_TYPES and _CTLD_BUILD_UNIT_TYPES[def.build] then
        local buildUnitType = _CTLD_BUILD_UNIT_TYPES[def.build]
        _logDebug(string.format('[MEDEVAC] Catalog entry %s has unitType=%s (from global lookup)', key, tostring(buildUnitType)))
        if buildUnitType == unitType then
          _logDebug(string.format('[MEDEVAC] Found catalog entry for %s via global lookup: key=%s', unitType, key))
          return def
        end
      end
      
      -- Fallback: Try to extract unit type from build function string (legacy compatibility)
      local buildStr = tostring(def.build)
      if buildStr:find(unitType, 1, true) then
        _logDebug(string.format('[MEDEVAC] Found catalog entry for %s via string search: key=%s', unitType, key))
        return def
      end
    else
      _logDebug(string.format('[MEDEVAC] Catalog entry %s has no build function', key))
    end
    
    -- Also check if catalog entry has a unitType field directly
    if def.unitType and def.unitType == unitType then
      _logDebug(string.format('[MEDEVAC] Found catalog entry for %s via def.unitType field: key=%s', unitType, key))
      return def
    end
  end
  
  _logDebug(string.format('[MEDEVAC] No catalog entry found for unit type: %s', unitType))
  return nil
end

-- Spawn MEDEVAC crew when vehicle destroyed
function CTLD:_SpawnMEDEVACCrew(eventData, catalogEntry)
  local cfg = CTLD.MEDEVAC
  if not cfg or not cfg.Enabled then return end
  
  -- Probability check: does the crew survive to request rescue?
  -- Use coalition-specific survival chance
  local survivalChance = 0.02 -- default fallback
  if cfg.CrewSurvivalChance then
    if type(cfg.CrewSurvivalChance) == 'table' then
      -- Per-coalition config
      survivalChance = cfg.CrewSurvivalChance[self.Side] or 0.02
    else
      -- Legacy single value config (backward compatibility)
      survivalChance = cfg.CrewSurvivalChance
    end
  end
  
  local roll = math.random()
  if roll > survivalChance then
    -- Crew did not survive
    _logVerbose(string.format('[MEDEVAC] Crew did not survive (roll: %.4f > %.4f)', roll, survivalChance))
    return
  end
  _logVerbose(string.format('[MEDEVAC] Crew survived! (roll: %.4f <= %.4f) - will spawn in 5 minutes after battle clears', roll, survivalChance))
  
  -- Extract data from eventData instead of calling methods on dead unit
  local unit = eventData.IniUnit
  local unitType = eventData.IniTypeName or (unit and unit.GetTypeName and unit:GetTypeName())
  local unitName = eventData.IniUnitName or (unit and unit.GetName and unit:GetName()) or 'Unknown'
  
  -- Get position - the unit is dead, so we need to get position from the DCS initiator object
  local pos = nil
  
  -- Try the raw DCS initiator object (this should have the last known position)
  if eventData.initiator then
    _logVerbose('[MEDEVAC] Trying DCS initiator object')
    local dcsUnit = eventData.initiator
    if dcsUnit and dcsUnit.getPoint then
      local success, point = pcall(function() return dcsUnit:getPoint() end)
      if success and point then
        pos = point
        _logVerbose(string.format('[MEDEVAC] Got position from DCS initiator:getPoint(): %.0f, %.0f, %.0f', pos.x, pos.y, pos.z))
      end
    end
    if not pos and dcsUnit and dcsUnit.getPosition then
      local success, position = pcall(function() return dcsUnit:getPosition() end)
      if success and position and position.p then
        pos = position.p
        _logVerbose(string.format('[MEDEVAC] Got position from DCS initiator:getPosition().p: %.0f, %.0f, %.0f', pos.x, pos.y, pos.z))
      end
    end
  end
  
  -- Try IniDCSUnit
  if not pos and eventData.IniDCSUnit then
    _logVerbose('[MEDEVAC] Trying IniDCSUnit')
    local dcsUnit = eventData.IniDCSUnit
    if dcsUnit and dcsUnit.getPoint then
      local success, point = pcall(function() return dcsUnit:getPoint() end)
      if success and point then
        pos = point
        _logVerbose(string.format('[MEDEVAC] Got position from IniDCSUnit:getPoint(): %.0f, %.0f, %.0f', pos.x, pos.y, pos.z))
      end
    end
  end
  
  if not pos or not unitType then
    _logVerbose(string.format('[MEDEVAC] Cannot spawn crew - missing position (pos=%s) or unit type (type=%s)', tostring(pos), tostring(unitType)))
    return
  end
  
  -- Get heading if possible
  local heading = 0
  if unit and unit.GetHeading then
    local success, result = pcall(function() return unit:GetHeading() end)
    if success and result then
      heading = result
    end
  end
  
  -- Determine crew size
  local crewSize = catalogEntry.crewSize or cfg.CrewDefaultSize or 2
  
  -- Determine salvage value
  local salvageValue = catalogEntry.salvageValue
  if not salvageValue then
    salvageValue = catalogEntry.required or cfg.Salvage.DefaultValue or 1
  end
  
  -- Find nearest enemy to spawn crew toward them
  local spawnPoint = { x = pos.x, z = pos.z }
  local enemySide = (self.Side == coalition.side.BLUE) and coalition.side.RED or coalition.side.BLUE
  local nearestEnemy = self:_findNearestEnemyGround({ x = pos.x, z = pos.z }, 2000) -- 2km search
  
  if nearestEnemy and nearestEnemy.point then
    -- Calculate direction toward enemy
    local dx = nearestEnemy.point.x - pos.x
    local dz = nearestEnemy.point.z - pos.z
    local dist = math.sqrt(dx*dx + dz*dz)
    if dist > 0 then
      local dirX = dx / dist
      local dirZ = dz / dist
      local offset = cfg.CrewSpawnOffset or 15
      spawnPoint.x = pos.x + dirX * offset
      spawnPoint.z = pos.z + dirZ * offset
    end
  else
    -- No enemy found, spawn at random offset
    local angle = math.random() * 2 * math.pi
    local offset = cfg.CrewSpawnOffset or 15
    spawnPoint.x = pos.x + math.cos(angle) * offset
    spawnPoint.z = pos.z + math.sin(angle) * offset
  end
  
  -- Prepare spawn data but delay actual spawning by 5 minutes (300 seconds)
  local spawnDelay = cfg.CrewSpawnDelay or 300 -- 5 minutes default
  local selfref = self
  
  _logVerbose(string.format('[MEDEVAC] Crew will spawn in %d seconds after battle clears', spawnDelay))
  
  timer.scheduleFunction(function()
    -- Now spawn the crew after battle has cleared
    local crewGroupName = string.format('MEDEVAC_Crew_%s_%d', unitType, math.random(100000, 999999))
    local crewUnitType = catalogEntry.crewType or cfg.CrewUnitTypes[selfref.Side] or ((selfref.Side == coalition.side.BLUE) and 'Soldier M4' or 'Infantry AK')
    
    _logVerbose(string.format('[MEDEVAC] Coalition: %s, CrewUnitType selected: %s, catalogEntry.crewType=%s, cfg.CrewUnitTypes[side]=%s',
      (selfref.Side == coalition.side.BLUE and 'BLUE' or 'RED'),
      crewUnitType,
      tostring(catalogEntry.crewType),
      tostring(cfg.CrewUnitTypes and cfg.CrewUnitTypes[selfref.Side])
    ))
    
    -- Determine if crew gets a MANPADS
    -- Use coalition-specific MANPADS spawn chance
    local manPadChance = 0.1 -- default fallback
    if cfg.ManPadSpawnChance then
      if type(cfg.ManPadSpawnChance) == 'table' then
        -- Per-coalition config
        manPadChance = cfg.ManPadSpawnChance[selfref.Side] or 0.1
      else
        -- Legacy single value config (backward compatibility)
        manPadChance = cfg.ManPadSpawnChance
      end
    end
    local spawnManPad = math.random() <= manPadChance
    local manPadIndex = nil
    if spawnManPad and crewSize > 1 then
      manPadIndex = math.random(1, crewSize) -- Random crew member gets the MANPADS
      _logVerbose(string.format('[MEDEVAC] Crew will include MANPADS (unit %d of %d)', manPadIndex, crewSize))
    end
    
    -- Get country ID from the destroyed unit instead of trying to map coalition to country
    -- This is the same approach used by the Medevac_KHASHURI.lua script
    local countryId = nil
    if eventData.initiator and eventData.initiator.getCountry then
      local success, result = pcall(function() return eventData.initiator:getCountry() end)
      if success and result then
        countryId = result
        _logVerbose(string.format('[MEDEVAC] Got country ID %d from destroyed unit', countryId))
      end
    end
    
    -- Fallback if we couldn't get it from the unit
    if not countryId then
      _logVerbose('[MEDEVAC] WARNING: Could not get country from dead unit, using fallback')
      if selfref.Side == coalition.side.BLUE then
        countryId = country.id.USA or 2
      else
        countryId = country.id.CJTF_RED or 18  -- Use CJTF RED as fallback
      end
    end
    
    _logVerbose(string.format('[MEDEVAC] Spawning crew now - coalition=%s, countryId=%d, crewUnitType=%s', 
      (selfref.Side == coalition.side.BLUE and 'BLUE' or 'RED'),
      countryId,
      crewUnitType))
    
    local groupData = {
      visible = false,
      lateActivation = false,
      tasks = {},
      task = 'Ground Nothing',
      route = {},
      units = {},
      name = crewGroupName
      -- Country ID passed directly to coalition.addGroup(), not in groupData
    }
    
    for i = 1, crewSize do
      -- Randomize position within a small radius (3-8 meters) for natural scattered appearance
      local angle = math.random() * 2 * math.pi
      local radius = 3 + math.random() * 5 -- 3-8 meters from center
      local offsetX = math.cos(angle) * radius
      local offsetZ = math.sin(angle) * radius
      
      -- Determine unit type (MANPADS or regular crew)
      local unitType = crewUnitType
      if i == manPadIndex then
        unitType = cfg.ManPadUnitTypes[selfref.Side] or crewUnitType
        _logVerbose(string.format('[MEDEVAC] Unit %d assigned MANPADS type: %s', i, unitType))
      end
      
      table.insert(groupData.units, {
        type = unitType,
        name = string.format('%s_U%d', crewGroupName, i),
        x = spawnPoint.x + offsetX,
        y = spawnPoint.z + offsetZ,
        heading = math.random() * 2 * math.pi -- Random heading for each unit
      })
    end
    
    _logVerbose(string.format('[MEDEVAC] About to call coalition.addGroup with country=%d (coalition=%s)', 
      countryId,
      (selfref.Side == coalition.side.BLUE and 'BLUE' or 'RED')))
    
    -- CRITICAL: First parameter is COUNTRY ID, not coalition ID!
    -- This matches Medevac_KHASHURI.lua line 500: coalition.addGroup(_deadUnit:getCountry(), ...)
    local crewGroup = coalition.addGroup(countryId, Group.Category.GROUND, groupData)
    
    if not crewGroup then
      _logVerbose('[MEDEVAC] Failed to spawn crew')
      return
    end
    
    -- Double-check what coalition the spawned group actually belongs to
    local spawnedCoalition = crewGroup:getCoalition()
    _logVerbose(string.format('[MEDEVAC] Crew group %s spawned successfully - actual coalition: %s (%d)', 
      crewGroupName,
      (spawnedCoalition == coalition.side.BLUE and 'BLUE' or spawnedCoalition == coalition.side.RED and 'RED' or 'NEUTRAL'),
      spawnedCoalition))
    
    -- Set crew to hold position and defend themselves
    local crewController = crewGroup:getController()
    if crewController then
      crewController:setOption(AI.Option.Ground.id.ROE, AI.Option.Ground.val.ROE.RETURN_FIRE)
      crewController:setOption(AI.Option.Ground.id.ALARM_STATE, AI.Option.Ground.val.ALARM_STATE.RED)
      
      -- Make crew immortal and/or invisible during announcement delay to prevent early death
      if cfg.CrewImmortalDuringDelay then
        local setImmortal = {
          id = 'SetImmortal',
          params = { value = true }
        }
        Controller.setCommand(crewController, setImmortal)
        _logVerbose('[MEDEVAC] Crew set to immortal during announcement delay')
      end
      
      if cfg.CrewInvisibleDuringDelay then
        local setInvisible = {
          id = 'SetInvisible',
          params = { value = true }
        }
        Controller.setCommand(crewController, setInvisible)
        _logVerbose('[MEDEVAC] Crew set to invisible to AI during announcement delay')
      end
    end
    
    -- Track crew immediately (but don't make mission available yet)
    -- Smoke will be popped AFTER the announcement delay when they actually call for help
    local crewData = {
      vehicleType = unitType,
      side = selfref.Side,
      countryId = countryId,  -- Store country ID for respawning
      spawnTime = timer.getTime(),
      position = spawnPoint,
      salvageValue = salvageValue,
      originalHeading = heading,
      requestTime = nil, -- Will be set after announcement delay
      warningsSent = 0,
      invulnerable = false,
      invulnerableUntil = 0,
      greetingSent = false
    }
    CTLD._medevacCrews[crewGroupName] = crewData
    
    -- Wait before announcing mission (verify crew survival)
    local announceDelay = cfg.CrewAnnouncementDelay or 60
    _logVerbose(string.format('[MEDEVAC] Will announce mission in %d seconds if crew survives', announceDelay))
    
    timer.scheduleFunction(function()
      -- Check if crew still exists
      local g = Group.getByName(crewGroupName)
      if not g or not g:isExist() then
        _logVerbose(string.format('[MEDEVAC] Crew %s died before announcement, mission cancelled', crewGroupName))
        CTLD._medevacCrews[crewGroupName] = nil
        return
      end
      
      -- Crew survived! Now announce to players and make mission available
      _logVerbose(string.format('[MEDEVAC] Crew %s survived, announcing mission', crewGroupName))
      
      -- Make crew visible again (remove invisibility) and optionally remove immortality
      local crewController = g:getController()
      if crewController then
        -- Always make crew visible when they announce
        if cfg.CrewInvisibleDuringDelay then
          local setVisible = {
            id = 'SetInvisible',
            params = { value = false }
          }
          Controller.setCommand(crewController, setVisible)
          _logVerbose('[MEDEVAC] Crew is now visible to AI')
        end
        
        -- Remove immortality unless config says to keep it
        if cfg.CrewImmortalDuringDelay and not cfg.CrewImmortalAfterAnnounce then
          local setMortal = {
            id = 'SetImmortal',
            params = { value = false }
          }
          Controller.setCommand(crewController, setMortal)
          _logVerbose('[MEDEVAC] Crew immortality removed, now vulnerable')
        elseif cfg.CrewImmortalAfterAnnounce then
          _logVerbose('[MEDEVAC] Crew remains immortal after announcement (per config)')
        end
      end
      
      -- Pop smoke now that they're calling for help
      if cfg.PopSmokeOnSpawn then
        local smokeColor = (cfg.SmokeColor and cfg.SmokeColor[selfref.Side]) or trigger.smokeColor.Red
        _spawnMEDEVACSmoke(spawnPoint, smokeColor, cfg)
        _logVerbose(string.format('[MEDEVAC] Crew popped smoke after announcement (color: %d)', smokeColor))
      end
      
      local grid = selfref:_GetMGRSString(spawnPoint)
      
      -- Pick random request message
      local requestMessages = cfg.RequestAirLiftMessages or {
        "Stranded Crew: This is {vehicle} crew at {grid}. Need pickup ASAP! We have {salvage} salvage to collect."
      }
      local messageTemplate = requestMessages[math.random(1, #requestMessages)]
      
      -- Replace placeholders
      local message = messageTemplate
      message = message:gsub("{vehicle}", unitType)
      message = message:gsub("{grid}", grid)
      message = message:gsub("{crew_size}", tostring(crewSize))
      message = message:gsub("{salvage}", tostring(salvageValue))
      
      _msgCoalition(selfref.Side, message, 25)
      
      -- Now crew is requesting pickup
      CTLD._medevacCrews[crewGroupName].requestTime = timer.getTime()
      
      -- Create map marker
      if cfg.MapMarkers and cfg.MapMarkers.Enabled then
        local markerID = selfref:_CreateMEDEVACMarker(spawnPoint, unitType, crewSize, salvageValue, crewGroupName)
        CTLD._medevacCrews[crewGroupName].markerID = markerID
      end
      
    end, nil, timer.getTime() + announceDelay)
    
  end, nil, timer.getTime() + spawnDelay)
  
end

-- Create map marker for MEDEVAC crew
function CTLD:_CreateMEDEVACMarker(position, vehicleType, crewSize, salvageValue, crewGroupName)
  local cfg = CTLD.MEDEVAC.MapMarkers
  if not cfg or not cfg.Enabled then return nil end
  
  local grid = self:_GetMGRSString(position)
  local text = string.format('%s: %s Crew (%d) - Salvage: %d - %s', 
    cfg.IconText or '🔴 MEDEVAC',
    vehicleType,
    crewSize,
    salvageValue,
    grid
  )
  
  local markerID = _nextMarkupId()
  trigger.action.markToCoalition(markerID, text, {x = position.x, y = 0, z = position.z}, self.Side, true)
  
  return markerID
end

-- Get MGRS grid string for position
function CTLD:_GetMGRSString(position)
  if not position then
    return 'N/A'
  end
  local lat, lon = coord.LOtoLL({x = position.x, y = 0, z = position.z})
  local mgrs = coord.LLtoMGRS(lat, lon)
  if mgrs and mgrs.UTMZone and mgrs.MGRSDigraph then
    -- Ensure Easting and Northing are numbers
    local easting = tonumber(mgrs.Easting) or 0
    local northing = tonumber(mgrs.Northing) or 0
    return string.format('%s%s %05d %05d', mgrs.UTMZone, mgrs.MGRSDigraph, easting, northing)
  end
  return string.format('%.0f, %.0f', position.x, position.z)
end

-- Check for MEDEVAC crew timeouts and send warnings
function CTLD:_CheckMEDEVACTimeouts()
  local cfg = CTLD.MEDEVAC
  if not cfg or not cfg.Enabled then return end
  
  local now = timer.getTime()
  local toRemove = {}
  
  for crewGroupName, data in pairs(CTLD._medevacCrews) do
    if data.side == self.Side then
      local requestTime = data.requestTime
      if requestTime then -- Only check after crew has requested pickup
        local elapsed = now - requestTime
        local remaining = (cfg.CrewTimeout or 3600) - elapsed
        
        -- Check for approaching rescue helos (pop smoke and send greeting)
        if cfg.PopSmokeOnApproach and not data.greetingSent then
          local approachDist = cfg.PopSmokeOnApproachDistance or 5000
          local crewPos = data.position
          
          -- Check all units of this coalition for nearby transport helos
          local coalitionUnits = coalition.getGroups(self.Side, Group.Category.AIRPLANE)
          local heloGroups = coalition.getGroups(self.Side, Group.Category.HELICOPTER)
          
          if heloGroups then
            for _, grp in ipairs(heloGroups) do
              if grp and grp:isExist() then
                local units = grp:getUnits()
                if units then
                  for _, unit in ipairs(units) do
                    if unit and unit:isExist() and unit:isActive() then
                      -- Check if this is a transport helo (in AllowedAircraft list)
                      local unitType = unit:getTypeName()
                      local isTransport = false
                      if self.Config.AllowedAircraft then
                        for _, allowed in ipairs(self.Config.AllowedAircraft) do
                          if unitType == allowed then
                            isTransport = true
                            break
                          end
                        end
                      end
                      
                      if isTransport then
                        local unitPos = unit:getPoint()
                        if unitPos and crewPos then
                          local dx = unitPos.x - crewPos.x
                          local dz = unitPos.z - crewPos.z
                          local dist = math.sqrt(dx*dx + dz*dz)
                          
                          if dist <= approachDist then
                            -- Rescue helo detected! Pop smoke and send greeting
                            local smokeColor = (cfg.SmokeColor and cfg.SmokeColor[self.Side]) or trigger.smokeColor.Red
                            _spawnMEDEVACSmoke(crewPos, smokeColor, cfg)
                            
                            -- Pick random greeting message
                            local greetings = cfg.GreetingMessages or {"We see you! Over here!"}
                            local greeting = greetings[math.random(1, #greetings)]
                            
                            _msgCoalition(self.Side, string.format('[MEDEVAC] %s crew: "%s"', data.vehicleType, greeting), 10)
                            
                            data.greetingSent = true
                            _logVerbose(string.format('[MEDEVAC] Crew %s detected helo at %.0fm, popped smoke and sent greeting', crewGroupName, dist))
                            break
                          end
                        end
                      end
                    end
                  end
                end
              end
              if data.greetingSent then break end
            end
          end
        end
        
        -- Send warnings
        if cfg.Warnings then
          for _, warning in ipairs(cfg.Warnings) do
            local warnTime = warning.time
            if remaining <= warnTime and not data.warningsSent[warnTime] then
              local grid = self:_GetMGRSString(data.position)
              _msgCoalition(self.Side, _fmtTemplate(warning.message, {
                crew = data.vehicleType..' crew',
                grid = grid
              }), 15)
              data.warningsSent[warnTime] = true
            end
          end
        end
        
        -- Check timeout
        if remaining <= 0 then
          table.insert(toRemove, crewGroupName)
        end
      end
    end
  end
  
  -- Remove timed-out crews
  for _, crewGroupName in ipairs(toRemove) do
    self:_RemoveMEDEVACCrew(crewGroupName, 'timeout')
  end
end

-- Remove MEDEVAC crew (timeout or death)
function CTLD:_RemoveMEDEVACCrew(crewGroupName, reason)
  local data = CTLD._medevacCrews[crewGroupName]
  if not data then return end
  
  -- Remove map marker
  if data.markerID then
    pcall(function() trigger.action.removeMark(data.markerID) end)
  end
  
  -- Destroy crew group
  local g = Group.getByName(crewGroupName)
  if g and g:isExist() then
    g:destroy()
  end
  
  -- Send message
  if reason == 'timeout' then
    local grid = self:_GetMGRSString(data.position)
    _msgCoalition(self.Side, _fmtTemplate(CTLD.Messages.medevac_crew_timeout, {
      vehicle = data.vehicleType,
      grid = grid
    }), 15)
    
    -- Track statistics
    if CTLD.MEDEVAC and CTLD.MEDEVAC.Statistics and CTLD.MEDEVAC.Statistics.Enabled then
      CTLD._medevacStats[self.Side].timedOut = (CTLD._medevacStats[self.Side].timedOut or 0) + 1
    end
  elseif reason == 'killed' then
    -- Track statistics
    if CTLD.MEDEVAC and CTLD.MEDEVAC.Statistics and CTLD.MEDEVAC.Statistics.Enabled then
      CTLD._medevacStats[self.Side].killed = (CTLD._medevacStats[self.Side].killed or 0) + 1
    end
  end
  
  -- Remove from tracking
  CTLD._medevacCrews[crewGroupName] = nil
  
  _logVerbose(string.format('[MEDEVAC] Removed crew %s (reason: %s)', crewGroupName, reason or 'unknown'))
end

-- Check if crew was picked up (called from troop loading system)
function CTLD:CheckMEDEVACPickup(group)
  local cfg = CTLD.MEDEVAC
  if not cfg or not cfg.Enabled then return end
  
  local unit = group:GetUnit(1)
  if not unit or not unit:IsAlive() then return end
  
  local pos = unit:GetPointVec3()
  local searchRadius = 100 -- meters to search for nearby crew
  
  for crewGroupName, data in pairs(CTLD._medevacCrews) do
    if data.side == self.Side and data.requestTime then
      local crewPos = data.position
      local dx = pos.x - crewPos.x
      local dz = pos.z - crewPos.z
      local dist = math.sqrt(dx*dx + dz*dz)
      
      if dist <= searchRadius then
        -- Check if crew group still exists and is being loaded
        local crewGroup = Group.getByName(crewGroupName)
        if crewGroup and crewGroup:isExist() then
          -- Crew was picked up! Handle respawn
          self:_HandleMEDEVACPickup(group, crewGroupName, data)
          return true
        end
      end
    end
  end
  
  return false
end

-- Auto-pickup: Send MEDEVAC crews to landed helicopter within range
function CTLD:AutoPickupMEDEVACCrew(group)
  local cfg = CTLD.MEDEVAC
  if not cfg or not cfg.Enabled then return end
  if not cfg.AutoPickup or not cfg.AutoPickup.Enabled then return end
  
  local unit = group:GetUnit(1)
  if not unit or not unit:IsAlive() then return end
  
  -- Only work with landed helicopters
  if _isUnitInAir(unit) then return end
  
  local pos = unit:GetPointVec3()
  local maxDist = cfg.AutoPickup.MaxDistance or 500
  
  -- Find nearby MEDEVAC crews
  for crewGroupName, data in pairs(CTLD._medevacCrews) do
    if data.side == self.Side and data.requestTime and not data.pickedUp and not data.enrouteToHeli then
      local crewPos = data.position
      local dx = pos.x - crewPos.x
      local dz = pos.z - crewPos.z
      local dist = math.sqrt(dx*dx + dz*dz)
      
      if dist <= maxDist then
        local crewGroup = Group.getByName(crewGroupName)
        if crewGroup and crewGroup:isExist() then
          -- Send crew to helicopter
          data.enrouteToHeli = true
          data.targetHeli = group:GetName()
          
          local moveSpeed = cfg.AutoPickup.CrewMoveSpeed or 25
          local controller = crewGroup:getController()
          if controller then
            controller:setTask({
              id = 'Mission',
              params = {
                route = {
                  points = {
                    [1] = {
                      action = 'On Road',
                      x = pos.x,
                      y = pos.z,
                      speed = moveSpeed,
                      ETA = 0,
                      ETA_locked = false,
                      name = 'Board Helicopter',
                    }
                  }
                }
              }
            })
            
            _msgGroup(group, string.format('MEDEVAC crew from %s is running to your position (%.0fm away)', 
              data.vehicleType or 'unknown vehicle', dist), 10)
            
            _logVerbose(string.format('[MEDEVAC] Crew %s moving to %s (%.0fm)', 
              crewGroupName, group:GetName(), dist))
          end
        end
      end
    end
  end
end

-- Check if crew has reached helicopter and auto-load them
function CTLD:CheckMEDEVACCrewArrival()
  local cfg = CTLD.MEDEVAC
  if not cfg or not cfg.Enabled then return end
  
  for crewGroupName, data in pairs(CTLD._medevacCrews) do
    if data.enrouteToHeli and data.targetHeli then
      local crewGroup = Group.getByName(crewGroupName)
      local heliGroup = GROUP:FindByName(data.targetHeli)
      
      if crewGroup and crewGroup:isExist() and heliGroup and heliGroup:IsAlive() then
        local heliUnit = heliGroup:GetUnit(1)
        if heliUnit and heliUnit:IsAlive() then
          -- Check if crew is close enough to helicopter
          local crewUnit = crewGroup:getUnit(1)
          if crewUnit then
            local crewPos = crewUnit:getPoint()
            local heliPos = heliUnit:GetPointVec3()
            local dx = heliPos.x - crewPos.x
            local dz = heliPos.z - crewPos.z
            local dist = math.sqrt(dx*dx + dz*dz)
            
            -- If within 30m and helicopter is still on ground, auto-load
            if dist <= 30 and not _isUnitInAir(heliUnit) then
              self:_HandleMEDEVACPickup(heliGroup, crewGroupName, data)
              crewGroup:destroy()
              data.enrouteToHeli = false
              data.targetHeli = nil
            end
          end
        else
          -- Helicopter took off or was destroyed, cancel enroute
          data.enrouteToHeli = false
          data.targetHeli = nil
        end
      else
        -- Group doesn't exist anymore
        data.enrouteToHeli = false
        data.targetHeli = nil
      end
    end
  end
end

-- Scan all active transport groups for auto-pickup and auto-unload opportunities
function CTLD:ScanMEDEVACAutoActions()
  local cfg = CTLD.MEDEVAC
  if not cfg or not cfg.Enabled then return end
  
  -- Check if any crews have reached their target helicopter
  self:CheckMEDEVACCrewArrival()
  
  -- Scan all active transport groups
  for gname, _ in pairs(self.MenusByGroup or {}) do
    local group = GROUP:FindByName(gname)
    if group and group:IsAlive() then
      local unit = group:GetUnit(1)
      if unit and unit:IsAlive() and not _isUnitInAir(unit) then
        -- Helicopter is landed
        
        -- Check for auto-pickup opportunities
        if cfg.AutoPickup and cfg.AutoPickup.Enabled then
          self:AutoPickupMEDEVACCrew(group)
        end
        
        -- Check for auto-unload opportunities
        if cfg.AutoUnload and cfg.AutoUnload.Enabled then
          self:AutoUnloadMEDEVACCrew(group)
        end
      end
    end
  end
end

-- Auto-unload: Automatically unload MEDEVAC crews when landed in MASH zone
function CTLD:AutoUnloadMEDEVACCrew(group)
  local cfg = CTLD.MEDEVAC
  if not cfg or not cfg.Enabled then return end
  if not cfg.AutoUnload or not cfg.AutoUnload.Enabled then return end
  
  local unit = group:GetUnit(1)
  if not unit or not unit:IsAlive() then return end
  
  -- Only work with landed helicopters
  if _isUnitInAir(unit) then return end
  
  -- Check if inside MASH zone
  local pos = unit:GetPointVec3()
  local inMASH, mashZone = self:_IsPositionInMASHZone({x = pos.x, z = pos.z})
  
  if not inMASH then return end
  
  -- Check if carrying MEDEVAC crew
  local hasCrews = false
  for crewGroupName, data in pairs(CTLD._medevacCrews) do
    if data.side == self.Side and data.pickedUp and data.rescueGroup == group:GetName() then
      hasCrews = true
      break
    end
  end
  
  if not hasCrews then return end
  
  -- Schedule auto-unload after delay
  local gname = group:GetName()
  if not CTLD._medevacAutoUnloadScheduled then
    CTLD._medevacAutoUnloadScheduled = {}
  end
  
  if not CTLD._medevacAutoUnloadScheduled[gname] then
    CTLD._medevacAutoUnloadScheduled[gname] = true
    local delay = cfg.AutoUnload.UnloadDelay or 2
    
    timer.scheduleFunction(function()
      CTLD._medevacAutoUnloadScheduled[gname] = nil
      local g = GROUP:FindByName(gname)
      if g and g:IsAlive() then
        local u = g:GetUnit(1)
        if u and u:IsAlive() and not _isUnitInAir(u) then
          -- Still landed in MASH zone, trigger delivery
          local upos = u:GetPointVec3()
          local stillInMASH = self:_IsPositionInMASHZone({x = upos.x, z = upos.z})
          if stillInMASH then
            -- Deliver all picked-up crews
            local deliveredCrews = {}
            for crewGroupName, data in pairs(CTLD._medevacCrews) do
              if data.side == self.Side and data.pickedUp and data.rescueGroup == gname then
                table.insert(deliveredCrews, {name = crewGroupName, data = data})
              end
            end
            
            for _, crew in ipairs(deliveredCrews) do
              self:_DeliverMEDEVACCrewToMASH(g, crew.name, crew.data)
            end
            
            if #deliveredCrews > 0 then
              _msgGroup(g, string.format('Automatically unloaded %d MEDEVAC crew(s) at MASH zone', #deliveredCrews), 10)
            end
          end
        end
      end
    end, nil, timer.getTime() + delay)
  end
end

-- Handle MEDEVAC crew pickup - respawn vehicle
function CTLD:_HandleMEDEVACPickup(rescueGroup, crewGroupName, crewData)
  local cfg = CTLD.MEDEVAC
  
  -- Remove map marker
  if crewData.markerID then
    pcall(function() trigger.action.removeMark(crewData.markerID) end)
  end
  
  -- Show initial load message (random from LoadMessages)
  local loadMsgs = cfg.LoadMessages or {}
  if #loadMsgs > 0 then
    local randomLoadMsg = loadMsgs[math.random(1, #loadMsgs)]
    _msgGroup(rescueGroup, randomLoadMsg, 5)
  end
  
  -- Show loading progress messages during a brief delay (simulate boarding time)
  local loadingDuration = 8 -- seconds for crew to board
  local loadingMsgInterval = 2 -- show message every 2 seconds
  local loadingMsgs = cfg.LoadingMessages or {}
  local gname = rescueGroup:GetName()
  
  if #loadingMsgs > 0 then
    local messageCount = math.floor(loadingDuration / loadingMsgInterval)
    for i = 1, messageCount do
      timer.scheduleFunction(function()
        local g = GROUP:FindByName(gname)
        if g and g:IsAlive() then
          local randomLoadingMsg = loadingMsgs[math.random(1, #loadingMsgs)]
          _msgGroup(g, randomLoadingMsg, loadingMsgInterval - 0.5)
        end
      end, nil, timer.getTime() + (i * loadingMsgInterval))
    end
  end
  
  -- Schedule final completion after loading duration
  timer.scheduleFunction(function()
    local g = GROUP:FindByName(gname)
    if g and g:IsAlive() then
      -- Show completion message
      _msgGroup(g, _fmtTemplate(CTLD.Messages.medevac_crew_loaded, {
        vehicle = crewData.vehicleType,
        crew_size = crewData.crewSize
      }), 10)
    end
    
    -- Track statistics
    if CTLD.MEDEVAC and CTLD.MEDEVAC.Statistics and CTLD.MEDEVAC.Statistics.Enabled then
      CTLD._medevacStats[self.Side].rescued = (CTLD._medevacStats[self.Side].rescued or 0) + 1
    end
    
    -- Respawn vehicle if enabled
    if cfg.RespawnOnPickup then
      timer.scheduleFunction(function()
        self:_RespawnMEDEVACVehicle(crewData)
      end, nil, timer.getTime() + 2) -- 2 second delay for realism
    end
    
    -- Mark crew as picked up (for MASH delivery tracking)
    crewData.pickedUp = true
    crewData.rescueGroup = gname
    
    _logVerbose(string.format('[MEDEVAC] Crew %s picked up by %s', crewGroupName, gname))
  end, nil, timer.getTime() + loadingDuration)
end

-- Respawn the vehicle at original death location
function CTLD:_RespawnMEDEVACVehicle(crewData)
  local cfg = CTLD.MEDEVAC
  if not cfg or not cfg.RespawnOnPickup then return end
  
  -- Calculate respawn position (offset from original death)
  local offset = cfg.RespawnOffset or 15
  local angle = math.random() * 2 * math.pi
  local respawnPos = {
    x = crewData.position.x + math.cos(angle) * offset,
    z = crewData.position.z + math.sin(angle) * offset
  }
  
  local heading = cfg.RespawnSameHeading and (crewData.originalHeading or 0) or 0
  
  -- Find catalog entry to get build function
  local catalogEntry = nil
  for key, def in pairs(self.Config.CrateCatalog or {}) do
    if def.MEDEVAC and tostring(def.build):find(crewData.vehicleType, 1, true) then
      catalogEntry = def
      break
    end
  end
  
  if not catalogEntry or not catalogEntry.build then
    _logVerbose('[MEDEVAC] No catalog entry found for respawn: '..crewData.vehicleType)
    return
  end
  
  -- Spawn vehicle using catalog build function
  local groupData = catalogEntry.build(respawnPos, math.deg(heading))
  if not groupData then
    _logVerbose('[MEDEVAC] Failed to generate group data for: '..crewData.vehicleType)
    return
  end
  
  local newGroup = coalition.addGroup(self.Side, Group.Category.GROUND, groupData)
  
  if newGroup then
    _msgCoalition(self.Side, _fmtTemplate(CTLD.Messages.medevac_vehicle_respawned, {
      vehicle = crewData.vehicleType
    }), 10)
    
    -- Track statistics
    if CTLD.MEDEVAC and CTLD.MEDEVAC.Statistics and CTLD.MEDEVAC.Statistics.Enabled then
      CTLD._medevacStats[self.Side].vehiclesRespawned = (CTLD._medevacStats[self.Side].vehiclesRespawned or 0) + 1
    end
    
    _logVerbose(string.format('[MEDEVAC] Respawned %s at %.0f, %.0f', crewData.vehicleType, respawnPos.x, respawnPos.z))
  else
    _logVerbose('[MEDEVAC] Failed to respawn vehicle: '..crewData.vehicleType)
  end
end

-- Check if troops being unloaded are MEDEVAC crew and if inside MASH zone
function CTLD:CheckMEDEVACDelivery(group, troopData)
  local cfg = CTLD.MEDEVAC
  if not cfg or not cfg.Enabled then return false end
  if not cfg.Salvage or not cfg.Salvage.Enabled then return false end
  
  -- Check if any picked-up crews match this group
  local deliveredCrews = {}
  for crewGroupName, data in pairs(CTLD._medevacCrews) do
    if data.side == self.Side and data.pickedUp and data.rescueGroup == group:GetName() then
      table.insert(deliveredCrews, {name = crewGroupName, data = data})
    end
  end
  
  if #deliveredCrews == 0 then return false end
  
  -- Check if inside MASH zone
  local unit = group:GetUnit(1)
  if not unit or not unit:IsAlive() then return false end
  
  local pos = unit:GetPointVec3()
  local inMASH, mashZone = self:_IsPositionInMASHZone({x = pos.x, z = pos.z})
  
  if not inMASH then return false end
  
  -- Deliver all picked-up crews
  for _, crew in ipairs(deliveredCrews) do
    self:_DeliverMEDEVACCrewToMASH(group, crew.name, crew.data)
  end
  
  return true
end

-- Deliver MEDEVAC crew to MASH - award salvage points
function CTLD:_DeliverMEDEVACCrewToMASH(group, crewGroupName, crewData)
  local cfg = CTLD.MEDEVAC.Salvage
  if not cfg or not cfg.Enabled then return end
  
  -- Show unloading message (random from UnloadingMessages)
  local unloadMsgs = CTLD.MEDEVAC.UnloadingMessages or {}
  if #unloadMsgs > 0 then
    local randomUnloadMsg = unloadMsgs[math.random(1, #unloadMsgs)]
    _msgGroup(group, randomUnloadMsg, 8)
  end
  
  -- Award salvage points
  CTLD._salvagePoints[self.Side] = (CTLD._salvagePoints[self.Side] or 0) + crewData.salvageValue
  
  -- Message to coalition (shown after brief delay to let unload message be seen)
  timer.scheduleFunction(function()
    _msgCoalition(self.Side, _fmtTemplate(CTLD.Messages.medevac_crew_delivered_mash, {
      player = _playerNameFromGroup(group),
      vehicle = crewData.vehicleType,
      salvage = crewData.salvageValue,
      total = CTLD._salvagePoints[self.Side]
    }), 15)
  end, nil, timer.getTime() + 3)
  
  -- Track statistics
  if CTLD.MEDEVAC and CTLD.MEDEVAC.Statistics and CTLD.MEDEVAC.Statistics.Enabled then
    CTLD._medevacStats[self.Side].delivered = (CTLD._medevacStats[self.Side].delivered or 0) + 1
    CTLD._medevacStats[self.Side].salvageEarned = (CTLD._medevacStats[self.Side].salvageEarned or 0) + crewData.salvageValue
  end
  
  -- Remove map marker
  if crewData.markerID then
    pcall(function() trigger.action.removeMark(crewData.markerID) end)
  end
  
  -- Destroy crew group to prevent clutter
  local crewGroup = Group.getByName(crewGroupName)
  if crewGroup and crewGroup:isExist() then
    crewGroup:destroy()
  end
  
  -- Remove crew from tracking
  CTLD._medevacCrews[crewGroupName] = nil
  
  _logVerbose(string.format('[MEDEVAC] Delivered %s crew to MASH - awarded %d salvage (total: %d)', 
    crewData.vehicleType, crewData.salvageValue, CTLD._salvagePoints[self.Side]))
end

-- Try to use salvage to spawn a crate when out of stock
function CTLD:_TryUseSalvageForCrate(group, crateKey, catalogEntry)
  local cfg = CTLD.MEDEVAC and CTLD.MEDEVAC.Salvage
  if not cfg or not cfg.Enabled then return false end
  if not cfg.AutoApply then return false end
  
  -- Check if item has salvage value
  local salvageCost = (catalogEntry and catalogEntry.salvageValue) or 0
  if salvageCost <= 0 then return false end
  
  -- Check if we have enough salvage
  local available = CTLD._salvagePoints[self.Side] or 0
  if available < salvageCost then
    -- Send insufficient salvage message
    _msgGroup(group, _fmtTemplate(CTLD.Messages.medevac_salvage_insufficient, {
      need = salvageCost,
      have = available
    }))
    return false
  end
  
  -- Consume salvage
  CTLD._salvagePoints[self.Side] = available - salvageCost
  
  -- Track statistics
  if CTLD.MEDEVAC and CTLD.MEDEVAC.Statistics and CTLD.MEDEVAC.Statistics.Enabled then
    CTLD._medevacStats[self.Side].salvageUsed = (CTLD._medevacStats[self.Side].salvageUsed or 0) + salvageCost
  end
  
  -- Send success message
  _msgGroup(group, _fmtTemplate(CTLD.Messages.medevac_salvage_used, {
    item = self:_friendlyNameForKey(crateKey),
    salvage = salvageCost,
    remaining = CTLD._salvagePoints[self.Side]
  }))
  
  _logVerbose(string.format('[Salvage] Used %d salvage for %s (remaining: %d)', 
    salvageCost, crateKey, CTLD._salvagePoints[self.Side]))
  
  return true
end

-- Check if salvage can cover a crate request (for bundle pre-checks)
function CTLD:_CanUseSalvageForCrate(crateKey, catalogEntry, quantity)
  local cfg = CTLD.MEDEVAC and CTLD.MEDEVAC.Salvage
  if not cfg or not cfg.Enabled then return false end
  if not cfg.AutoApply then return false end
  
  quantity = quantity or 1
  local salvageCost = ((catalogEntry and catalogEntry.salvageValue) or 0) * quantity
  if salvageCost <= 0 then return false end
  
  local available = CTLD._salvagePoints[self.Side] or 0
  return available >= salvageCost
end

-- Check if position is inside any MASH zone
function CTLD:_IsPositionInMASHZone(position)
  for zoneName, mashData in pairs(CTLD._mashZones) do
    if mashData.side == self.Side then
      local zone = mashData.zone
      if zone then
        local zonePos = zone:GetPointVec3()
        local radius = mashData.radius or CTLD.MEDEVAC.MASHZoneRadius or 500
        local dx = position.x - zonePos.x
        local dz = position.z - zonePos.z
        local dist = math.sqrt(dx*dx + dz*dz)
        
        if dist <= radius then
          return true, mashData
        end
      end
    end
  end
  return false, nil
end

-- Initialize MASH zones from config
function CTLD:_InitMASHZones()
  local cfg = CTLD.MEDEVAC
  if not cfg or not cfg.Enabled then return end
  
  _logDebug('_InitMASHZones called for coalition '..tostring(self.Side))
  _logDebug('self.MASHZones count: '..tostring(#(self.MASHZones or {})))
  _logDebug('self.Config.Zones.MASHZones count: '..tostring(#(self.Config.Zones and self.Config.Zones.MASHZones or {})))
  
  -- Fixed MASH zones are now initialized via InitZones() in the standard Zones structure
  -- This function now focuses on setting up mobile MASH tracking and announcements
  
  if not CTLD._mashZones then CTLD._mashZones = {} end
  
  -- Register fixed MASH zones in the global _mashZones table for delivery detection
  -- (mobile MASH zones will be added dynamically when built)
  for _, mz in ipairs(self.MASHZones or {}) do
    local name = mz:GetName()
    local zdef = self._ZoneDefs.MASHZones[name]
    CTLD._mashZones[name] = {
      zone = mz,
      side = self.Side,
      isMobile = false,
      radius = (zdef and zdef.radius) or cfg.MASHZoneRadius or 500,
      freq = (zdef and zdef.freq) or nil
    }
    _logVerbose('[MEDEVAC] Registered fixed MASH zone: '..name)
  end
end

-- =========================
-- MEDEVAC Menu Functions
-- =========================

-- List all active MEDEVAC requests
function CTLD:ListActiveMEDEVACRequests(group)
  local cfg = CTLD.MEDEVAC
  if not cfg or not cfg.Enabled then
    _msgGroup(group, 'MEDEVAC system is not enabled.')
    return
  end
  
  local count = 0
  local lines = {}
  table.insert(lines, '=== Active MEDEVAC Requests ===')
  table.insert(lines, '')
  
  for crewGroupName, data in pairs(CTLD._medevacCrews or {}) do
    if data.side == self.Side and data.requestTime then
      count = count + 1
      local grid = self:_GetMGRSString(data.position)
      local elapsed = timer.getTime() - data.requestTime
      local remaining = (cfg.CrewTimeout or 3600) - elapsed
      local remainMin = math.floor(remaining / 60)
      
      table.insert(lines, string.format('%d. %s crew', count, data.vehicleType))
      table.insert(lines, string.format('   Grid: %s', grid))
      table.insert(lines, string.format('   Crew Size: %d', data.crewSize or 2))
      table.insert(lines, string.format('   Salvage: %d points', data.salvageValue or 1))
      table.insert(lines, string.format('   Time Remaining: %d minutes', remainMin))
      table.insert(lines, '')
    end
  end
  
  if count == 0 then
    table.insert(lines, 'No active MEDEVAC requests.')
    table.insert(lines, '')
    table.insert(lines, 'MEDEVAC missions appear when friendly vehicles')
    table.insert(lines, 'are destroyed and crew survives to call for rescue.')
  end
  
  _msgGroup(group, table.concat(lines, '\n'), 30)
end

-- Show nearest MEDEVAC location
function CTLD:NearestMEDEVACLocation(group)
  local cfg = CTLD.MEDEVAC
  if not cfg or not cfg.Enabled then
    _msgGroup(group, 'MEDEVAC system is not enabled.')
    return
  end
  
  local unit = group:GetUnit(1)
  if not unit then return end
  
  local pos = unit:GetCoordinate()
  if not pos then return end
  
  local nearest = nil
  local nearestDist = math.huge
  
  for crewGroupName, data in pairs(CTLD._medevacCrews or {}) do
    if data.side == self.Side and data.requestTime then
      local dist = math.sqrt((data.position.x - pos.x)^2 + (data.position.z - pos.z)^2)
      if dist < nearestDist then
        nearestDist = dist
        nearest = data
      end
    end
  end
  
  if not nearest then
    _msgGroup(group, 'No active MEDEVAC requests.')
    return
  end
  
  local grid = self:_GetMGRSString(nearest.position)
  local distKm = nearestDist / 1000
  local distNm = nearestDist / 1852
  local elapsed = timer.getTime() - nearest.requestTime
  local remaining = (cfg.CrewTimeout or 3600) - elapsed
  local remainMin = math.floor(remaining / 60)
  
  local lines = {}
  table.insert(lines, '=== Nearest MEDEVAC ===')
  table.insert(lines, '')
  table.insert(lines, string.format('%s crew at %s', nearest.vehicleType, grid))
  table.insert(lines, string.format('Distance: %.1f km / %.1f nm', distKm, distNm))
  table.insert(lines, string.format('Crew Size: %d', nearest.crewSize or 2))
  table.insert(lines, string.format('Salvage Value: %d points', nearest.salvageValue or 1))
  table.insert(lines, string.format('Time Remaining: %d minutes', remainMin))
  
  _msgGroup(group, table.concat(lines, '\n'), 20)
end

-- Show coalition salvage points
function CTLD:ShowSalvagePoints(group)
  local cfg = CTLD.MEDEVAC
  if not cfg or not cfg.Enabled then
    _msgGroup(group, 'MEDEVAC system is not enabled.')
    return
  end
  
  local salvage = CTLD._salvagePoints[self.Side] or 0
  
  local lines = {}
  table.insert(lines, '=== Coalition Salvage Points ===')
  table.insert(lines, '')
  table.insert(lines, string.format('Current Balance: %d points', salvage))
  table.insert(lines, '')
  table.insert(lines, 'Earn salvage by:')
  table.insert(lines, '- Rescuing MEDEVAC crews and delivering them to a MASH zone')
  table.insert(lines, '')
  table.insert(lines, 'Use salvage to:')
  table.insert(lines, '- Build items that are out of stock (automatic)')
  table.insert(lines, '- Cost = item\'s required crate count')
  
  _msgGroup(group, table.concat(lines, '\n'), 20)
end

-- Vectors to nearest MEDEVAC (shows top 3 with time remaining)
function CTLD:VectorsToNearestMEDEVAC(group)
  local cfg = CTLD.MEDEVAC
  if not cfg or not cfg.Enabled then
    _msgGroup(group, 'MEDEVAC system is not enabled.')
    return
  end
  
  local unit = group:GetUnit(1)
  if not unit then return end
  
  local pos = unit:GetCoordinate()
  if not pos then return end
  
  local heading = unit:GetHeading() or 0
  local isMetric = _getPlayerIsMetric(unit)
  
  -- Collect all active MEDEVAC requests with distance
  local requests = {}
  for crewGroupName, data in pairs(CTLD._medevacCrews or {}) do
    if data.side == self.Side and data.requestTime and not data.pickedUp then
      local dist = math.sqrt((data.position.x - pos.x)^2 + (data.position.z - pos.z)^2)
      table.insert(requests, {
        data = data,
        distance = dist
      })
    end
  end
  
  if #requests == 0 then
    _msgGroup(group, 'No active MEDEVAC requests.')
    return
  end
  
  -- Sort by distance (closest first)
  table.sort(requests, function(a, b) return a.distance < b.distance end)
  
  -- Show top 3 (or fewer if less than 3 exist)
  local lines = {}
  table.insert(lines, 'MEDEVAC VECTORS (nearest 3):')
  table.insert(lines, '')
  
  local maxShow = math.min(3, #requests)
  for i = 1, maxShow do
    local req = requests[i]
    local data = req.data
    local dist = req.distance
    
    local dx = data.position.x - pos.x
    local dz = data.position.z - pos.z
    local bearing = math.deg(math.atan2(dz, dx))
    if bearing < 0 then bearing = bearing + 360 end
    
    local relativeBrg = bearing - heading
    if relativeBrg < 0 then relativeBrg = relativeBrg + 360 end
    if relativeBrg > 180 then relativeBrg = relativeBrg - 360 end
    
    -- Calculate time remaining
    local timeoutAt = data.spawnTime + (cfg.CrewTimeout or 3600)
    local timeRemainSec = math.max(0, timeoutAt - timer.getTime())
    local timeRemainMin = math.floor(timeRemainSec / 60)
    
    -- Format distance
    local distV, distU = _fmtRange(dist, isMetric)
    
    -- Build message for this crew
    table.insert(lines, string.format('#%d: %s crew', i, data.vehicleType))
    table.insert(lines, string.format('    BRG %03d° (%+.0f° rel) | RNG %s %s', 
      math.floor(bearing + 0.5), relativeBrg, distV, distU))
    table.insert(lines, string.format('    Time left: %d min | Salvage: %d pts', 
      timeRemainMin, data.salvageValue or 1))
    
    if i < maxShow then
      table.insert(lines, '')
    end
  end
  
  _msgGroup(group, table.concat(lines, '\n'), 20)
end

-- List MASH locations
function CTLD:ListMASHLocations(group)
  local cfg = CTLD.MEDEVAC
  if not cfg or not cfg.Enabled then
    _msgGroup(group, 'MEDEVAC system is not enabled.')
    return
  end
  
  local unit = group:GetUnit(1)
  local playerPos = unit and unit:GetCoordinate()
  
  local count = 0
  local lines = {}
  table.insert(lines, '=== MASH Locations ===')
  table.insert(lines, '')
  
  for name, data in pairs(CTLD._mashZones or {}) do
    if data.side == self.Side then
      count = count + 1
      
      -- Get position from zone object
      local position = nil
      if data.position then
        position = data.position
      elseif data.zone and data.zone.GetCoordinate then
        local coord = data.zone:GetCoordinate()
        if coord then
          position = {x = coord.x, z = coord.z}
        end
      end
      
      local grid = self:_GetMGRSString(position)
      local typeStr = data.isMobile and 'Mobile' or 'Fixed'
      local radius = tonumber(data.radius) or 500
      
      table.insert(lines, string.format('%d. MASH %s (%s)', count, name, typeStr))
      table.insert(lines, string.format('   Grid: %s', grid))
      table.insert(lines, string.format('   Radius: %d m', radius))
      
      if playerPos and position then
        local dist = math.sqrt((position.x - playerPos.x)^2 + (position.z - playerPos.z)^2)
        local distKm = dist / 1000
        table.insert(lines, string.format('   Distance: %.1f km', distKm))
      end
      
      if data.freq then
        local freq = tonumber(data.freq)
        if freq then
          table.insert(lines, string.format('   Beacon: %.2f MHz', freq))
        else
          table.insert(lines, string.format('   Beacon: %s', tostring(data.freq)))
        end
      end
      
      table.insert(lines, '')
    end
  end
  
  if count == 0 then
    table.insert(lines, 'No MASH zones configured.')
    table.insert(lines, '')
    table.insert(lines, 'MASH zones are where you deliver rescued')
    table.insert(lines, 'MEDEVAC crews to earn salvage points.')
  else
    table.insert(lines, 'Deliver rescued crews to any MASH to earn salvage.')
  end
  
  _msgGroup(group, table.concat(lines, '\n'), 30)
end

-- Pop smoke at all active MEDEVAC sites
function CTLD:PopSmokeAtMEDEVACSites(group)
  _logVerbose('[MEDEVAC] PopSmokeAtMEDEVACSites called')
  
  local cfg = CTLD.MEDEVAC
  if not cfg or not cfg.Enabled then
    _logVerbose('[MEDEVAC] MEDEVAC system not enabled')
    _msgGroup(group, 'MEDEVAC system is not enabled.')
    return
  end
  
  if not CTLD._medevacCrews then
    _logVerbose('[MEDEVAC] No _medevacCrews table')
    _msgGroup(group, 'No active MEDEVAC requests to mark with smoke.')
    return
  end
  
  local count = 0
  _logVerbose(string.format('[MEDEVAC] Checking %d crew entries', CTLD._medevacCrews and table.getn(CTLD._medevacCrews) or 0))
  
  for crewGroupName, data in pairs(CTLD._medevacCrews) do
    if data and data.side == self.Side and data.requestTime and data.position then
      count = count + 1
      _logVerbose(string.format('[MEDEVAC] Popping smoke for crew %s', crewGroupName))
      
      local smokeColor = (cfg.SmokeColor and cfg.SmokeColor[self.Side]) or trigger.smokeColor.Red
      _spawnMEDEVACSmoke(data.position, smokeColor, cfg)
    end
  end
  
  _logVerbose(string.format('[MEDEVAC] Popped smoke at %d locations', count))
  
  if count == 0 then
    _msgGroup(group, 'No active MEDEVAC requests to mark with smoke.')
  else
    _msgGroup(group, string.format('Smoke popped at %d MEDEVAC location(s).', count), 10)
  end
end

-- Pop smoke at MASH zones (delivery locations)
function CTLD:PopSmokeAtMASHZones(group)
  _logVerbose('[MEDEVAC] PopSmokeAtMASHZones called')
  
  local cfg = CTLD.MEDEVAC
  if not cfg or not cfg.Enabled then
    _logVerbose('[MEDEVAC] MEDEVAC system not enabled')
    _msgGroup(group, 'MEDEVAC system is not enabled.')
    return
  end
  
  if not CTLD._mashZones then
    _msgGroup(group, 'No MASH zones configured.')
    return
  end
  
  local count = 0
  local smokeColor = (cfg.SmokeColor and cfg.SmokeColor[self.Side]) or trigger.smokeColor.Green
  
  for name, data in pairs(CTLD._mashZones) do
    if data and data.side == self.Side then
      -- Get position from zone object
      local position = nil
      if data.position then
        position = data.position
      elseif data.zone and data.zone.GetCoordinate then
        local coord = data.zone:GetCoordinate()
        if coord then
          position = {x = coord.x, z = coord.z}
        end
      end
      
      if position then
        count = count + 1
        _spawnMEDEVACSmoke(position, smokeColor, cfg)
        _logVerbose(string.format('[MEDEVAC] Popped smoke at MASH zone: %s', name))
      end
    end
  end
  
  if count == 0 then
    _msgGroup(group, 'No MASH zones found for your coalition.')
  else
    _msgGroup(group, string.format('Smoke popped at %d MASH zone(s).', count), 10)
  end
end

-- Clear all MEDEVAC missions (admin function)
function CTLD:ClearAllMEDEVACMissions(group)
  local cfg = CTLD.MEDEVAC
  if not cfg or not cfg.Enabled then
    _msgGroup(group, 'MEDEVAC system is not enabled.')
    return
  end
  
  local count = 0
  
  for crewGroupName, data in pairs(CTLD._medevacCrews or {}) do
    if data.side == self.Side then
      count = count + 1
      self:_RemoveMEDEVACCrew(crewGroupName, 'admin_clear')
    end
  end
  
  _msgGroup(group, string.format('Cleared %d MEDEVAC mission(s).', count), 10)
  _logVerbose(string.format('[MEDEVAC] Admin cleared %d MEDEVAC missions for coalition %s', count, self.Side))
end

-- #endregion MEDEVAC

-- #region Mobile MASH

-- Create a Mobile MASH zone and start announcements
function CTLD:_CreateMobileMASH(group, position, catalogDef)
  local cfg = CTLD.MEDEVAC
  if not cfg or not cfg.Enabled then return end
  if not cfg.MobileMASH or not cfg.MobileMASH.Enabled then return end
  
  -- Ensure we have a MOOSE GROUP instance (coalition.addGroup returns a raw DCS group)
  local mashGroup = group
  if mashGroup and not (mashGroup.IsAlive and mashGroup.GetCoordinate) then
    local rawName = (mashGroup.GetName and mashGroup:GetName()) or (mashGroup.getName and mashGroup:getName())
    if rawName and GROUP and GROUP.FindByName then
      local found = GROUP:FindByName(rawName)
      if found then
        mashGroup = found
      else
        _logError(string.format('[MobileMASH] Could not resolve MOOSE group for %s; aborting Mobile MASH setup', rawName))
        return
      end
    else
      _logError('[MobileMASH] Missing group reference for Mobile MASH deployment; aborting')
      return
    end
  end
  if not mashGroup then
    _logError('[MobileMASH] Mobile MASH group resolution failed; aborting')
    return
  end
  
  local side = catalogDef.side or self.Side
  if not CTLD._mobileMASHCounter then CTLD._mobileMASHCounter = {} end
  if not CTLD._mobileMASHCounter[side] then CTLD._mobileMASHCounter[side] = 0 end
  CTLD._mobileMASHCounter[side] = CTLD._mobileMASHCounter[side] + 1
  
  local mashId = string.format('MOBILE_MASH_%d_%d', side, CTLD._mobileMASHCounter[side])
  local radius = cfg.MobileMASH.ZoneRadius or 500
  
  -- Register the MASH zone
  local mashData = {
    id = mashId,
    position = {x = position.x, z = position.z},
    radius = radius,
    side = side,
    group = mashGroup,
    isMobile = true,
    catalogKey = catalogDef.description or 'Mobile MASH'
  }
  
  if not CTLD._mashZones then CTLD._mashZones = {} end
  -- Store mobile MASH with unique key (not array insert) to avoid duplicate iteration
  CTLD._mashZones[mashId] = mashData
  
  -- Draw on F10 map
  local circleId = _nextMarkupId()
  local textId = _nextMarkupId()
  local p = {x = position.x, y = 0, z = position.z}
  
  local borderColor = cfg.MASHZoneColors.border or {1, 1, 0, 0.85}
  local fillColor = cfg.MASHZoneColors.fill or {1, 0.75, 0.8, 0.25}
  
  trigger.action.circleToCoalition(side, circleId, p, radius, borderColor, fillColor, 1, true, "")
  
  local label = string.format('Mobile MASH %d', CTLD._mobileMASHCounter[side])
  local textPos = {x = p.x, y = 0, z = p.z - radius - 50}
  trigger.action.textToCoalition(side, textId, textPos, {1,1,1,0.9}, {0,0,0,0}, 18, true, label)
  
  mashData.circleId = circleId
  mashData.textId = textId
  
  -- Send initial deployment message
  local gridStr = self:_GetMGRSString(position)
  local msg = _fmtTemplate(CTLD.Messages.medevac_mash_deployed, {
    mash_id = CTLD._mobileMASHCounter[side],
    grid = gridStr,
    freq = cfg.MobileMASH.BeaconFrequency or '30.0 FM'
  })
  trigger.action.outTextForCoalition(side, msg, 30)
  _logVerbose(string.format('[MobileMASH] Deployed MASH %d at %s', CTLD._mobileMASHCounter[side], gridStr))
  
  -- Start announcement scheduler
  if cfg.MobileMASH.AnnouncementInterval and cfg.MobileMASH.AnnouncementInterval > 0 then
    local ctldInstance = self
    local scheduler = SCHEDULER:New(nil, function()
      -- Check if group still exists
      if not mashGroup or not mashGroup:IsAlive() then
        ctldInstance:_RemoveMobileMASH(mashId)
        return
      end
      
      -- Send periodic announcement
      local coord = mashGroup:GetCoordinate()
      if coord then
        local vec3 = coord:GetVec3()
        local currentGrid = ctldInstance:_GetMGRSString({x = vec3.x, z = vec3.z})
        local announceMsg = _fmtTemplate(CTLD.Messages.medevac_mash_announcement, {
          mash_id = CTLD._mobileMASHCounter[side],
          grid = currentGrid,
          freq = cfg.MobileMASH.BeaconFrequency or '30.0 FM'
        })
        trigger.action.outTextForCoalition(side, announceMsg, 20)
      end
    end, {}, cfg.MobileMASH.AnnouncementInterval, cfg.MobileMASH.AnnouncementInterval)
    
    mashData.scheduler = scheduler
  end
  
  -- Set up death event handler for this specific MASH
  local ctldInstance = self
  local mashGroupName = mashGroup:GetName()
  local eventHandler = EVENTHANDLER:New()
  eventHandler:HandleEvent(EVENTS.Dead)
  
  function eventHandler:OnEventDead(EventData)
    if EventData.IniUnit and EventData.IniGroup then
      local deadGroup = EventData.IniGroup
      if deadGroup:GetName() == mashGroupName then
        ctldInstance:_RemoveMobileMASH(mashId)
      end
    end
  end
  
  mashData.eventHandler = eventHandler
end

-- Remove a Mobile MASH zone (on destruction or manual removal)
function CTLD:_RemoveMobileMASH(mashId)
  if not CTLD._mashZones then return end
  
  local mash = CTLD._mashZones[mashId]
  if mash then
    -- Stop scheduler
    if mash.scheduler then
      mash.scheduler:Stop()
    end
    
    -- Remove map drawings
    if mash.circleId then trigger.action.removeMark(mash.circleId) end
    if mash.textId then trigger.action.removeMark(mash.textId) end
    
    -- Send destruction message
    local msg = _fmtTemplate(CTLD.Messages.medevac_mash_destroyed, {
      mash_id = string.match(mashId, 'MOBILE_MASH_%d+_(%d+)') or '?'
    })
    trigger.action.outTextForCoalition(mash.side, msg, 20)
    
    -- Remove from table
    CTLD._mashZones[mashId] = nil
    _logVerbose(string.format('[MobileMASH] Removed MASH %s', mashId))
  end
end

-- #endregion Mobile MASH

-- #endregion Inventory helpers

-- Create a new Drop Zone (AO) at the player's current location and draw it on the map if enabled
function CTLD:CreateDropZoneAtGroup(group)
  if not group or not group:IsAlive() then return end
  local unit = group:GetUnit(1)
  if not unit or not unit:IsAlive() then return end
  -- Prevent creating a Drop Zone inside or too close to a Pickup Zone
  -- 1) Block if inside a (potentially active-only) pickup zone
  local activeOnlyForInside = (self.Config and self.Config.ForbidChecksActivePickupOnly ~= false)
  local inside, pz, distInside, pr = self:_isUnitInsidePickupZone(unit, activeOnlyForInside)
  if inside then
    local isMetric = _getPlayerIsMetric(unit)
    local curV, curU = _fmtRange(distInside or 0, isMetric)
    local needV, needU = _fmtRange(self.Config.MinDropZoneDistanceFromPickup or 10000, isMetric)
    _eventSend(self, group, nil, 'drop_zone_too_close_to_pickup', {
      zone = (pz and pz.GetName and pz:GetName()) or '(pickup)',
      need = needV, need_u = needU,
      dist = curV, dist_u = curU,
    })
    return
  end
  -- 2) Enforce a minimum distance from the nearest pickup zone (configurable)
  local minD = tonumber(self.Config and self.Config.MinDropZoneDistanceFromPickup) or 0
  if minD > 0 then
    local considerActive = (self.Config and self.Config.MinDropDistanceActivePickupOnly ~= false)
    local nearestZone, nearestDist
    if considerActive then
      nearestZone, nearestDist = self:_nearestActivePickupZone(unit)
    else
      local list = (self.Config and self.Config.Zones and self.Config.Zones.PickupZones) or {}
      nearestZone, nearestDist = _nearestZonePoint(unit, list)
    end
    if nearestZone and nearestDist and nearestDist < minD then
      local isMetric = _getPlayerIsMetric(unit)
      local needV, needU = _fmtRange(minD, isMetric)
      local curV, curU = _fmtRange(nearestDist, isMetric)
      _eventSend(self, group, nil, 'drop_zone_too_close_to_pickup', {
        zone = (nearestZone and nearestZone.GetName and nearestZone:GetName()) or '(pickup)',
        need = needV, need_u = needU,
        dist = curV, dist_u = curU,
      })
      return
    end
  end
  local p = unit:GetPointVec3()
  local baseName = group:GetName() or 'GROUP'
  local safe = tostring(baseName):gsub('%W', '')
  local name = string.format('AO_%s_%d', safe, math.random(100000,999999))
  local r = tonumber(self.Config and self.Config.DropZoneRadius) or 250
  local v2 = (VECTOR2 and VECTOR2.New) and VECTOR2:New(p.x, p.z) or { x = p.x, y = p.z }
  local mz = ZONE_RADIUS:New(name, v2, r)
  -- Register in runtime and config so other features can find it
  self.DropZones = self.DropZones or {}
  table.insert(self.DropZones, mz)
  self._ZoneDefs = self._ZoneDefs or { PickupZones = {}, DropZones = {}, FOBZones = {} }
  self._ZoneDefs.DropZones[name] = { name = name, radius = r, active = true }
  self._ZoneActive = self._ZoneActive or { Pickup = {}, Drop = {}, FOB = {} }
  self._ZoneActive.Drop[name] = true
  self.Config.Zones = self.Config.Zones or { PickupZones = {}, DropZones = {}, FOBZones = {} }
  self.Config.Zones.DropZones = self.Config.Zones.DropZones or {}
  table.insert(self.Config.Zones.DropZones, { name = name, radius = r, active = true })
  -- Draw on map if configured
  local md = self.Config and self.Config.MapDraw or {}
  if md.Enabled and (md.DrawDropZones ~= false) then
    local opts = {
      OutlineColor = md.OutlineColor,
      FillColor = (md.FillColors and md.FillColors.Drop) or nil,
      LineType = (md.LineTypes and md.LineTypes.Drop) or md.LineType or 1,
      FontSize = md.FontSize,
      ReadOnly = (md.ReadOnly ~= false),
      LabelOffsetX = md.LabelOffsetX,
      LabelOffsetFromEdge = md.LabelOffsetFromEdge,
      LabelOffsetRatio = md.LabelOffsetRatio,
      LabelPrefix = (md.LabelPrefixes and md.LabelPrefixes.Drop) or 'Drop Zone',
      ForAll = (md.ForAll == true),
    }
    pcall(function() self:_drawZoneCircleAndLabel('Drop', mz, opts) end)
  end
  MESSAGE:New(string.format('Drop Zone created: %s (r≈%dm)', name, r), 10):ToGroup(group)
end

function CTLD:AddPickupZone(z)
  local mz = _findZone(z)
  if mz then table.insert(self.PickupZones, mz); table.insert(self.Config.Zones.PickupZones, z) end
end

function CTLD:AddDropZone(z)
  local mz = _findZone(z)
  if mz then table.insert(self.DropZones, mz); table.insert(self.Config.Zones.DropZones, z) end
end

function CTLD:SetAllowedAircraft(list)
  self.Config.AllowedAircraft = DeepCopy(list)
end

-- Explicit cleanup handler for mission end
-- Call this to properly shut down all CTLD schedulers and clear state
function CTLD:Cleanup()
  _logInfo('Cleanup initiated - stopping all schedulers and clearing state')
  
  -- Stop all smoke refresh schedulers
  if CTLD._smokeRefreshSchedules then
    for crateId, schedule in pairs(CTLD._smokeRefreshSchedules) do
      if schedule.funcId then
        pcall(function() timer.removeFunction(schedule.funcId) end)
      end
    end
    CTLD._smokeRefreshSchedules = {}
  end
  
  -- Stop all Mobile MASH schedulers
  if CTLD._mashZones then
    for mashId, mash in pairs(CTLD._mashZones) do
      if mash.scheduler then
        pcall(function() mash.scheduler:Stop() end)
      end
      if mash.eventHandler then
        -- Event handlers clean themselves up, but we can nil the reference
        mash.eventHandler = nil
      end
    end
  end
  
  -- Stop any MEDEVAC timeout checkers or other schedulers
  -- (If you add schedulers in the future, stop them here)
  
  -- Clear spatial grid
  CTLD._spatialGrid = {}
  
  -- Clear state tables (optional - helps with memory in long-running missions)
  CTLD._crates = {}
  CTLD._troopsLoaded = {}
  CTLD._loadedCrates = {}
  CTLD._deployedTroops = {}
  CTLD._hoverState = {}
  CTLD._unitLast = {}
  CTLD._coachState = {}
  CTLD._msgState = {}
  CTLD._buildConfirm = {}
  CTLD._buildCooldown = {}
  CTLD._jtacReservedCodes = { [coalition.side.BLUE] = {}, [coalition.side.RED] = {}, [coalition.side.NEUTRAL] = {} }
  if self.JTACSched then
    pcall(function() self.JTACSched:Stop() end)
    self.JTACSched = nil
  end
  if self._jtacRegistry then
    for groupName in pairs(self._jtacRegistry) do
      self:_cleanupJTACEntry(groupName)
    end
    self._jtacRegistry = {}
  end
  
  _logInfo('Cleanup complete')
end

-- Register mission end event to auto-cleanup
-- This ensures resources are properly released
if not CTLD._cleanupHandlerRegistered then
  CTLD._cleanupHandlerRegistered = true
  
  local cleanupHandler = EVENTHANDLER:New()
  cleanupHandler:HandleEvent(EVENTS.MissionEnd)
  
  function cleanupHandler:OnEventMissionEnd(EventData)
    _logInfo('Mission end detected - initiating cleanup')
    -- Cleanup all instances
    for _, instance in pairs(CTLD._instances or {}) do
      if instance and instance.Cleanup then
        pcall(function() instance:Cleanup() end)
      end
    end
    -- Also call static cleanup
    if CTLD.Cleanup then
      pcall(function() CTLD:Cleanup() end)
    end
  end
end

-- #endregion Public helpers

-- =========================
-- Return factory
-- =========================
-- #region Export
_MOOSE_CTLD = CTLD
return CTLD
-- #endregion Export